evaluation costs 中文意思是什麼
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Examples of management ' s use of future costs may be found in a large number of areas, including cost control, long - range planning, budgeting, evaluation of capital projects and busi ? ness decisions in general
管理人員在很多情況下都要用到未來成本概念，包括成本控制、長期計劃、預算、對建設項目的評估和一般的經濟決策。 -
It is important to first understand the basic concepts of technical economic evaluation, such as investment, production costs, fixed assets depreciation, appropriation and taxation
對技術經濟評價的基本概念，如投資、生產成本、固定資產折舊及攤銷、稅金有正確的理解。 -
I have rich experience in strengthening the finance base, standardizing the accounting and reducing the costs. so, i can provide all kinds of assets evaluation and social audit consultation services
在企業財務方面對強化基礎、規范核算、降低相關成本有豐富的經驗；可以從事或提供各類資產評估和社會審計的咨詢服務。 -
The value created by enterprise every year is the residual income, from which all costs should been deducted, and it still could not be depicted by traditional evaluation systems vividly, such as roe and eps. the main defects lay on two aspects. one is that only the debt capital is directly considered to the gain - or - loss of that year
主要缺陷在以下兩方面： （ 1 ）傳統指標的計算只有債務資本成本計入損益表，而權益成本被忽視了，從而導致成本的計算不完全，因此無法判斷公司為股東創造的價值的準確數量； （ 2 ）傳統指標的計算以會計報表信息為基礎，而會計報表信息由於其固有的缺陷對公司業績的反映本身就存在部分失真。 -
So far, existing brain function evaluation techniques includes electroencephalogram ( eec ), magnetoencephalogram ( meg ), positron emission tomography ( pet ), functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) etc. among them, the technique using event - related potential ( erp ) contained in eeg features high temporal resolution, low costs and convenient application
到目前為止，探測大腦活動的方法有eeg （腦電圖） ， meg （腦磁圖） ， fmri （功能磁共振成像） ， pet （正電子發射斷層掃描）等。其中利用包含在eeg中的erp （事件相關電位）進行的研究，能達到毫秒級的高時間解析度，而且器械成本低應用方便，對探索人腦瞬息萬變的信息處理機能（認知機能）無疑是很有幫助的一項技術。 -
The authors also discussed some important issues related to applying participatory methods in practice, such as how to reduce the costs, how to flexibly use the participatory tools in order to enable villagers " effective participation ; how to avoid the bias in decision - making ; how to develop the indicators for follow - up monitoring and evaluation ( m & e ), etc. issues, such as how to involve vulnerable groups ; how to simplify the methods ; how to apply participatory planning in large areas and how to sensitize the gender difference in the practice, have been also discussed in the paper
在總結方法的基礎上，筆者也系統討論了推廣參與式扶貧發展規劃方法面臨的幾個問題： （ 1 ）如何降低前期運行費用； （ 2 ）如何簡化參與式方法和工具，保證工作效率； （ 3 ）如何克服農戶參與式規劃中的決策偏差； （ 4 ）如何採用參與式方法設計項目監測指標等。為把參與式規劃方法全面推廣應用於村級扶貧發展規劃，作者也提出對策建議，同時提出了需研究的問題： （ 1 ）如何為社區脆弱群體創造參與發展規劃的機會； （ 2 ）如何在實踐中完善參與式工具； （ 3 ）參與式方法的全面推廣問題； （ 4 ）如何在參與式規劃中考慮性別問題等。 -
The objective of this paper was to study suitable economic evaluation methods for urban transportation projects, to point out some shortcomings of traditional benefit - cost analysis which does not capture all the benefits or costs relating to urban transportation projects, then the paper proposes a economic evaluation methods system on the basis of cost - effectiveness analysis method for urban transportation projects, which contains analysis hierarchy process method
摘要為了研究合適的城市交通運輸項目經濟評價方法，通過指出傳統的費用效益分析法的不足效益或費用的估算不完全，提出了以費用效果分析為基礎，綜合層次分析法的城市交通運輸項目經濟評價體系。 -
Although academics and business practitioners are now paying more attention to the determinants of customer retention, the focus thus far has been on evaluation of customers ' previous purchasing experiences with a firm and the perceived costs associated with leaving the provider
摘要留住顧客一直以來都是學術界及企業界所重視的議題，許多學者認為，具有忠誠度的顧客是廠商創造競爭優勢的重要資產。 -
This thesis discussed the affection of all kinds of components contingency and the components " position in the line and other factors on the evaluation of load point reliability index. this thesis adopts a integrative method to deal with simple or complex distribution network with the system ' s practical operation characteristics and the results of the example reveal that it is feasible. the key to study the economics of power system reliability is outage costs
在定量評估負荷點或系統可靠性指標的研究中，本文較全面地分析了各元件故障和元件在線路中的位置以及計劃檢修、臨時停電、天氣因素、負荷轉移等因素對估算負荷點可靠性指標的影響；研究了現有的可靠性評估模型，結合城市電網的實際運行特點，採用一種綜合的方法估算輻射型電網的可靠性指標，算例結果表明它是有效可行的。 -
Therefore, only when the ceiling price that is based on the evaluation of utility is higher than the floor price that is based on the recovery of the costs, can be the exchange possible. through the exchange, the producer get producers " surplus and the buyers get consumer " surplus
因此，只有當以效用評價為基礎產生的最高限價高於以收回成本為基礎形成的最低底價時，交易才有可能達成，而此時商品生產者得到生產者剩餘，購買者得到消費者剩餘。 -
With the increase of communication systematic complexity, traditional analysis design method can not fit in with the needs of development. if the experiment is carried on the true system directly each time, which not only costs expensivly, takes a lot of time, sometimes even it is difficult to find the very crux of the question. therefore, the effective method is to adopt the emulation technology of the computer. so that the computer ' s ability of high - speed computation can be used, and the analysis, design, optimization of performance and evaluation testing of optic fiber communication equipment and system can be finished
隨著通信系統復雜性的增加，傳統的分析設計方法已經不能適應發展的需要。如果每次都直接用真實系統進行實驗，不僅耗資昂貴，費工費時，有時甚至難于找到問題癥結所在。因此，解決上述問題的有效方法是採用計算機模擬技術，利用計算機的高速運算處理能力，完成對光纖通信設備與系統的分析、設計以及性能優化與評估測試。 -
Average network speed ; calculated as total passenger kilometres divided by total passenger hours. the cost of road - based freight transport ; the cost of charges and operating costs as a percentage of gdp. the computer aided sustainability evaluation tool ( caset )
交通網平均速度;即各公共及私營的主要交通工具的平均行車速度，反映出乘客乘搭交通工具時的平均車速（以乘客行程總距離[公里]除以乘客行程時間[小時]計算） 。 -
Comprehensive evaluation of housing structure system based on life - cycle costs
基於全壽命周期成本分析的住宅結構體系評價 -
Through many years development, pension accounting research has set up a complete system that is based on accrual basis, systematical measure of pension costs, and accurate evaluation to record and disclose pension assets, debits and benefits. many entities have published many research results and the most respective entities are fasb and iasc
經過多年的發展，以fasb和iasc為代表，國際上的養老金會計已經形成了以權責發生制為基礎、系統計量養老金成本；以精算估價為依據、記錄和披露養老金資產、負債和損益的一套較為完整的會計體系。 -
The article firstly explains the knowledge creation process in the new product development through introducing the concept of knowledge value chain, and secondly it analyzes the relativity of organization environment and knowledge creation by virtue of structural equation model ; lastly it tries to propose the index system of knowledge creation performance and makes evaluation of performance by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. through above study, the article provides the new management thoughts for the product development of the enterprises, which makes the enterprises form the npd organization environment in favor of knowledge creation and improves the efficiency of knowledge creation and application, and shortens the npd cycle, and lowers npd costs, and improves npd quality, and promotes the technological and knowledge innovation
本文首先通過引入知識價值鏈的概念，解析基於并行工程思想的新產品開發四個階段中的知識創造過程，然後在以結構方程模型（ sem ）方法建模的基礎上，利用相應的lisrel軟體對調研數據進行分析，得出組織環境與知識創造相關性的若干結論，最後通過驗證性因素分析，嘗試提出新產品開發中的知識創造績效的指標體系，並運用模糊綜合評價法進行績效評估。 -
Post project evaluation has been non - standard without systematic evaluation programme in sichuan telecom corp for a long term. project audit taking over all evaluation is overwhelming which leads to difficult lessons learning, analyzing and costs reduction
長期以來，四川電信公司項目后評價管理工作很不規范，缺乏系統性的后評價程序， 「以審計代替后評價」問題十分突出，不利於總結經驗，分析原因，提高投資效益。 -
3. the research concluded that the implementation of performance system in government organization depends on the comparing of costs and benefits, practicability, the contradiction with current performance system and acceptability by the organization itself. 4. as a conclusion, the reserch proposed a tri - subject performance evaluation model to combine contemporary performance management practices. the component of the model include strategical objective sub - system, banlanced performance evaluation sub - system based on integrative resource management, and information feedback sub - system
提出從物理構成形態上看，理想形態的服務型政府績效評估模式整合了戰略目標子系統、基於資源管理整合系統的平衡性績效衡量子系統以及績效信息反饋應用子系統，並探討了這一模式的具體應用步驟和實施條件。 -
The concept of value is the foundation to determine valuation models. by expounding the history of value theory and the development of different value theories, this article elaborates on the concept and the influence of value in m & a, as well as it ’ s meaning, supposition, goal and object. the article also elaborates the four basic models of value appraisal : model of costs, model of relative comparison, model of discounted cash flow and model of option evaluation, and their respective application domain
價值的概念是價值評估方法確定的基礎，本文通過對價值理論的歷史與發展和各種價值理論的詳細闡述，說明了在並購評估中價值的概念與影響，以及價值評估的含義、假設、目的及對象;論述了價值評估的四種基本模型:成本法、相對比較法、折現現金流量法和期權估價法，以及各自的應用領域。
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