expansion loss 中文意思是什麼
expansion loss
解釋
擴張損失-
Several trends are converging to reduce the grain area, including the loss of irrigation water, desert expansion, the conversion of cropland to nonfarm uses, the shift to higher - value crops, and a decline in double - cropping due to the loss of farm labor in the more prosperous coastal provinces
糧田面積萎縮是多種趨勢匯合共同作用的後果，包括灌溉用水短缺、沙漠擴大、糧田轉為非農用地、改種高價值作物，以及在比較富裕的沿海省份由於農業勞動力缺失致使一年兩作的萎縮。 -
The problems includes : 1 ) land extensive use and the low land use benefit. 2 ) mass farmland were loss during town land expansion. 3 ) looking up on expanding town land size, looking down on making full use of internal potential
低成本的小城鎮用地擴張，使大量耕地被佔用，在新增鎮區所佔耕地比重，都在60以上，個別小城鎮甚至高達90 ，其中60以上為良田沃土。 -
Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映 -
One instrument they have used has been sterilisation of the monetary consequences of reserve accumulations, to prevent the normal expansion of money and credit, overheating, inflation and so loss of external competitiveness
這些國家採用的手段就是「沖銷」外匯儲備累積對本國貨幣供應的影響，以防貨幣和信貸的正常擴張、經濟過熱、通脹以及外部競爭力喪失。 -
The study included 642 subjects with restrictie lung disease, characterized by a decrease in exhaled airflow, such as asthma, emphysema or bronchitis ; 68 with obstructie lung disease, a decrease in total olume of air that the lungs can hold, which can result from loss of elasticity of the lung or problems with the expansion of the chest wall during inhalation ; and 4, 776 with normal lung function
研究中有642名受試者有以呼氣量減少為特徵的限制性肺疾病，如哮喘、肺氣腫或支氣管炎； 68人有阻塞性肺疾患，總肺活量減少可能由肺彈性降低或吸氣時胸壁擴張問題引起； 4 ， 776人肺功能正常。 -
In this article, through lab and engineering site trials that the physical data of new type pipe materials is corrected, the results are as follow : ( l ) the expansion coefficient of new plastic pipe materials is more large than that of iron pipe. ( 2 ) new plastic pipe materials have different heat - resisting character and according to the water temperature to choose pipe materials ; ( 3 ) the loss of head of water for new type pipe materials is more smaller than iron pipe and also correct the loss of head of water that calculated by theory ; ( 4 ) probing into the press - resistance character of new plastic pipe materials
本文通過試驗室試驗及工程現場試驗，對新型給排水管材的幾個重要的物理性能參數進行實驗測定，糾正了以往的錯誤認識。研究結果表明： （ 1 ）新型塑料管材線脹系數遠遠大於鋼管和鑄鐵管，設計和施工中要嚴格考慮管道的伸縮； （ 2 ）新型塑料管材耐高溫性能各不相同，需根據管內水溫選定管材； （ 3 ）新型管材水頭損失遠小於鋼管，並對原水頭損失計算公式進行了修正； （ 4 ）對于塑料管材的耐壓性能進行了探討。 -
The loss of biological productivity mainly caused by climate variability and unsustainable human activity leads to the fast expansion of desert
而由於人類的不當活動引起土地利用與覆蓋的變化及生物生產力的衰退，則加速了現代沙漠化的發展進程。 -
They have a number of desirable properties not possessed by wavelets of daubechies type, namely : they have symmetry property ; the scaling function and physical space representation are identical ; expansion coefficients are easily computed ; in certain respects they are more accurate ; the functions ( but not their derivatives ) can be computed without solving an eigenproblem. the price to be paid for these advantages is the loss of orthogonality, interpolating wavelets are only biorthogonal
本文主要的研究成果是把一維的某些結論推廣到高維，分為以下四個方面： （ 1 ）使用二元拉格朗日插值法構造二元尺度函數和小波函數，使其具有緊支性、對稱性以及函數展開式的系數易於計算等優點。唯一的缺陷是缺乏正交性。 -
After the replacement measure of the canal surface, the loss of stability of the shallow surface of soil body is mainly subject to the strength of the expansion and reduction zone of slope plane
在進行渠坡表面置換措施后，土體淺層失穩主要受控于開挖過程中坡面脹縮影響帶的強度。 -
After three round consultations, the model of comprehensive assessment on flood impact was set up, which included six first rank indicators and twenty - four second rank indicators. the mean value of every indicator is regarded as its primary weight. among first rank indicators, direct casualties resulted from flood and economic loss in flood have the largest weight ( 0. 2123, 0. 1807 ) ; increases of diseases incidence and excess mortality rate have the similar weights ( 0. 1715, 0. 1745 ) ; spiritual injured and psychological effects have the least weight ( 0. 1038 ) ; the weight of epidemic focus expansion and infectious vector spreading is 0. 1572
最終的綜合評價指標體系包含洪災導致的直接傷亡、災後患病情況的變化、災后死亡情況的變化、災后精神和心理狀況的變化、災后疫源地和病原媒介的變化、洪災導致的經濟損失6個一級指標和24個二級指標，一級指標中直接傷亡和災后的經濟損失的權重最大，分別為0 . 2123和0 . 1807 ，患病情況的變化和死亡變化兩方面的權重相差較小，分別為0 . 1715和0 . 1745 ，災后精神和心理狀況的變化的權重最小為0 . 1572 。 -
Rok ' s lesson teaches us that first, attention should be attached to each enterprise ' s asset liability structure, because operation based on excessive borrowing is very dangerous, second, don ' t blindly get involved in multi - angle management, because there are many pitfalls, third, taking full consideration of one ' s own strength when seeking enterprise merging or expansion, with economic results as the goal, and fourth, intensifying each enterprise group ' s internal management, and preventing the loss of control over management
韓國的教訓告訴我們：一、一定要注意企業資產負債結構，過度負債經營十分危險；二、不要盲目搞多角經營，因為這裏面有很多陷階；三、在企業兼并和擴張過程中一定要充分考慮自己的實力，以經濟效益為目標；四、嚴格集團內部管理，防止管理失控。 -
The data structure of various relevant data plays an important role in realizing loss estimate service platform. this structure is the key factor of whether such service system is universal or not, and the basis for the expansion and update of this system. moreover, the data process efficiency of this system is also based on the data structure
在震害預測服務平臺實現中，各種相關數據的數據結構起著至關重要的作用，它是系統是否具有廣泛的適用性的決定因素，也是系統可擴充性與可更新性的保障，甚至系統的數據處理效率在很大程度上依賴于數據結構。
分享友人