exposed concrete 中文意思是什麼
exposed concrete
解釋
露石混凝土-
Standard test method for scaling resistance of concrete surfaces exposed to deicing chemicals
暴露于防凍化學藥品的混凝土表面抗蝕刻性的標準試驗方法 -
An example of durability evaluation of concrete structure is given as well. lastly, the minimum cover depth of concrete that concrete structure exposed to the splash zone and near marine environments needed is discussed, some proposition about design and construction of reinforced concrete structure exposed to chloride environments are presented
對氯腐蝕環境下混凝土結構最小保護層厚度進行了研究，提出了在近海區和浪濺區等相似環境下混凝土結構最小保護層厚度的建議值；對氯腐蝕環境下混凝土結構耐久性設計提出了相應的建議。 -
The results show that the damages to the appearance of concrete structures exposed to atmosphere, including honeycombing, cracking along rebar, rebar corrosion, and concrete delamination, are quite serious, that the poor quality of concrete construction, the insufficient thickness of local concrete cover, and the rebar corrosion expansion and dilatancy induced by carbonization of concrete cover are the main causes, and that the main form of damages to the overflow structure is the abrasion resulted from water scouring
結果表明，水閘的水上（大氣中）混凝土結構外觀破損十分明顯，露石露砂、順筋裂縫、鋼筋銹蝕、混凝土破損剝落等已十分嚴重；引起破壞的主要原因是混凝土施工質量較差，局部保護層厚度不足，混凝土保護層碳化引起鋼筋銹蝕脹裂，而水流沖刷磨蝕是水閘過流結構破壞的主要形式。 -
This paper presents an analysis method of mechanical behavior of aged concrete structures on elastic theory, and analyses the main causes of load bearing performance of concrete structures. the paper also illustrates some studies where structures exposed to the marine environment showed early deterioration and analyses the main causes of structural concrete deterioration, including concrete carbonization, corrosion mechanisms of concrete, and mechanisms of steel corrosion due to the penetration of chloride ions into the concrete. it shows that corrosion of the reinforcements is the main cause of structural concrete deterioration
本論文提出老化混凝土板的分層彈性理論，對混凝土結構的承載能力的影響進行分析；對浙江沿海混凝土結構及其構件的抗彎、抗剪、粘結性能以及結構的動力性能進行分析研究；提出了影響沿海混凝土結構耐久性的主要因素一混凝土的碳化作用，堿骨料反應，混凝土的腐蝕機理以及鋼筋混凝土中鋼筋銹蝕的影響因素。 -
In this paper, research on predicting service life of reinforced concrete component exposed to chloride environment was made : firstly, a finite difference model is developed for predicting the process of chloride penetrating into concrete
本文對氯離子侵蝕環境下鋼筋混凝土結構耐久壽命預測進行研究，完成以下一些工作：首先，綜合考慮多種因素影響，建立有限差分計算模型。 -
The analysis on the test result shows that the temperature distribution in cfst members caused by solar radiation is nonlinear, and the nonlinear character is most evident when center point of concrete gets its lowest temperature. the temperature of the center point is affected by various directions, especially the strong potential. in the side exposed to the sun in the afternoon, apart from the center point, temperature varies laggardly when the point of concrete in the same series is more close to the center
結果表明，日照作用下截面的溫度場為非均勻場，混凝土中心的溫度達到最小值時，截面溫度場的非線性特性最明顯，圓心點的溫度受各個方向溫度的共同作用，更多地受到強勢方向的影響;下午時處在向陽面的各系列，同一系列上混凝土各點溫度變化隨直徑縮小趨緩，越靠近圓心，溫度變化越緩和，對外部環境（包括氣溫與日照）的影響呈滯后現象越明顯;而在下午時處在背陰面的各系列除圓心點外，同一系列上越靠近圓心的混凝土測點，溫度變化越緩和。 -
( 2 ) the stress caused by heat of hydration during construction is mainly distributed in the beams, and girders and stress in slab was smaller ; during service process, the stress caused by difference in temperature in different seasons is mainly distributed in bottom components ; the stress caused by difference of inside and outside temperature is mainly distributed in peripheral components of building ; the stress caused by difference in temperature due to sunlight is mainly distributed in the components exposed to the sun. ( 3 ) the control methods brought forward such as setting the reasonable stripping time reducing cast temperature of concrete setting after - treatment joint inflicting prestress arranging steel for construction requirement and so on are effective and their application may be extended
在使用期，由季節溫差作用引起的結構內力主要分佈在底層構件上；由內外溫差引起的內力主要分佈在建築物外圍構件上；由日照溫差引起內力主要分佈在向陽面的構件上； （ 3 ）在施工階段，可採取使用導熱性能較好的模板、合理設計拆模時間、降低澆築溫度等措施來減小水化熱引起的結構內力；採用設置后澆帶的措施來減小結構在整體降溫情況下產生的溫度內力。 -
The harbor construction exposed to the oceanic environment year - by - year is easily corroded by sea water, impacted by sea waves and to cause steel corrosion, so the concrete deterioration reduced the harbor constructions security and the service life
摘要港灣工程結構物常年曝露在海洋環境，容易受海水侵蝕、海浪沖擊、鋼筋誘蝕等影響，造成混凝土惡化，降低港灣工程構造物的安全性與使用年限。 -
Standard test method for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement in concrete exposed to chloride environments
混凝土暴露于氯化物環境時確定化學混合物對埋置鋼筋腐蝕作用的標準試驗方法 -
Effect of drying - wetting cycles on chloride diffusion in concrete exposed to high concentration brine
干濕循環對混凝土在高濃度鹵水中氯離子擴散行為的影響 -
Based the result of calculation and analysis in this paper, it is feasible that predicting of the service life of reinforced concrete component exposed to chloride environment with a probability based method. the result of analysis is consistent with the changing rules of service life in practice. probability based limit state method is used for service prediction. it is more reasonable than a deterministic model and satisfied with the required method of national structure designing uniform code
理論研究和實例分析的結果表明，本文建立的基於概率的極限狀態分析方法的氯離子侵蝕環境下鋼筋混凝土構件耐壽命的預測方法是可行和有效的，計算結華僑大學申請碩十學位論文果反映出工程實際中構件耐久性壽命的變化規律；本文使用的基於概率的極限狀態分析方法比確定性計算方法更科學，與我國現行結構設計規范中所規定的設計思想保持一致。 -
( 2 ) the general methods to calculate the temperature field of reinforced concrete structures are summarized. the temperature field of reinforced concrete columns section is calculated in ansys, and the effects of different parameters such as design fires, surfaces exposed to fire, burning time, dimensions of cross section and concrete cover on the temperature field are analyzed
（ 2 ）總結了受火鋼筋混凝土結構溫度場計算的一般方法，並用ansys對鋼筋混凝土柱截面溫度場進行了分析，得到了火災模型、受火面、受火時間、截面尺寸及保護層厚度等因素對柱截面溫度場的影響規律。 -
Based on probability statistics and structure reliability theory, a method of calculating the durability period and reliability probability of reinforced concrete exposed to chloride environments is presented. the target reliability level that the time of reinforcement initial corrosion in concrete structure exposed to chloride environments is proposed in this paper. a method of predicting service life of concrete structure exposed to chloride environments is given in this paper
建立了氯腐蝕環境下混凝土結構中鋼筋開始銹蝕的條件和耐久性極限狀態方程以及氯腐蝕環境下混凝土結構的壽命評估準則；以結構可靠度理論為基礎，提出了混凝土結構的耐久性分析方法和壽命預測方法，給出了氯腐蝕環境下混凝土中鋼筋不發生銹蝕的目標可靠指標，並結合一具體工程進行了耐久性評估。 -
All concrete structures are exposed to volume changes caused by hydration reactions in the early age. if the volume changes are restrained, stresses is generated which will cause cracking when it overcomes the tensile strength. as the mechanical properties of early age concrete vary with time, especially the creep degree depends on the time elapsed and the time at loading, to calculate the stress of concrete structure is a complex nonlinear problem. the finite element method ( fem ) can take account of the evolution of the stiffness properties, the development of thermal strain, creep, shrinkage and so on. in this paper, a general approach for numerically simulating this type of behaviour is presented firstly. then, how to solve this problem is introduced by the general finite element software ansys using the initial stress method. finally, a detailed description of an example calculation that demonstrates the potential of the numerical simulation strategy follows
早期混凝土由於水化反應都會產生體積變化.如果體積變形受到約束就會產生應力，一旦超過混凝土的抗拉強度就會產生裂縫.由於早期混凝土的力學性能是隨時間變化的，特別是徐變，它不僅與加載時間有關而且同時隨齡期而變化，因此計算早期混凝土結構應力是較為復雜的問題.有限單元法不僅可以考慮混凝土剛度的變化，而且可以考慮溫度、徐變、收縮等因素.本文利用初應力法對通用有限元軟體ansys進行了二次開發，通過工程實例計算了高層建築地下室側墻早期混凝土應力的變化過程，並提出了相應的抗裂措施 -
In harsh climate region, mere exists obvious local stress concentration near the upstream and downstream of the exposed - in - winter horizontal surface of the rcc dam, and the surface of spillway bucket though heat insulation is applied on the surfaces, tensile stress still exceeds the allowable one of concrete. this paper puts forward to adopt preset crack to avoid occurring more cracks. the special crack model is applied to simulate the dam preset crack, and the joint model of fracture mechanics is induced into strain - soften model
在結構措施方面，針對嚴寒地區高碾壓混凝土重力壩壩體越冬層面的上、下游面附近及溢流壩堰面反弧段表面有明顯的局部應力集中象現，在已採取一定的表面保溫防護的條件下，拉應力仍然超過混凝土容許拉應力，開裂難以避免，進而提出設置碾壓混凝土壩表面預留縫結構措施並對該措施進行深入研究，包括預留縫的擴展穩定和壩體沿預留縫的穩定性，以避免大壩在無措施部位開裂，解決大壩越冬層面水平施工縫的開裂問題。 -
Based on a chloride concentration test of field - exposed concrete specimens, a numerical example is given. the result shows that the chloride concentration increases with service time, decreases with diffusion depth, and the chloride diffusivity is a variable with time, depth and chloride concentration
通過對自然環境中混凝土試件的現場氯離子濃度試驗的算例分析發現，混凝土中的氯離子濃度隨服役時間增加而增加，隨擴散深度的增加而減少。 -
On the ground each frame ' s scissors wall structure form, ground adopt frame structure form for reinforcing bar concrete partly - exposed basement garage by the next layer
地上10層為框架剪刀墻結構形式，地下一層為鋼筋砼半地下室車庫採用框架結構形式。 -
The cement exposed to water hydrates immediately in the cementitious materials of concrete, and produces ca ( oh ) 2 with the prolonging of hydration time, which is the important cause to reduction of corrosion resistance of concrete
混凝土膠凝材料中的水泥遇水即發生水化，隨著水化齡期的延長生成大量的ca （ oh ） _ 2 ，這是造成混凝土抗侵蝕性能降低的重要原因。 -
Survey on the health status of dust - exposed workers of a concrete producing factory
某水泥廠粉塵作業人員健康狀況調查 -
Based on theoretical analysis, experimental and field test data, the method of durability evaluation and service life prediction of reinforced concrete structure exposed to chloride environments are studied in the paper
論文採用理論分析與工程實測和試驗數據分析相結合的方法，圍繞氯腐蝕環境混凝土結構的耐久性和壽命預測進行了系統的研究。
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