external economies 中文意思是什麼

external economies 解釋
外部節約
  • external : adj 1 外部的，外面的；【哲學】外界的，客觀的，物質的。2 表面上的 （opp intrinsic）; 膚淺的，淺薄...
  1. In this section, applying the method, from abstract to specific and from history to present, it analyzes the operation mechanism of urbanization economy affected by market mechanism ; puts forward four theories of urbanization economy from economic perspective, including agriculture surplus and comparison advantage ; non - agricultural industry ; agglomeration economy and spillover effect, on this basis of the theories, it, on one hand, analyzes two kinds of internal mechanism in the chronologic operation of urbanization economies : increasing mechanism of urbanization economies in urban output industry ; and changing mechanism from specialization to integration, which are the representations of the evolution of " mart " development ; on the other hand, it analyzes two internal mechanism of dimensional operation of urbanization economy : internal spatial enlargement mechanism of urbanization economies from monocentric city to multi - center city, and external spatial enhancement mechanism which represents city - regionalization and city - chain connection, the later two mechanism represent the evolution of " polis " development

    這一部分，按照由抽象到具體和由歷史到現代的研究方法，分析了市場機製作用下的城市化經濟運行機理，從經濟學角度提出了農業剩餘與比較優勢、非農產業、聚集經濟、外溢效應四大城市化經濟定理；在此基礎上，一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿時間增長的兩個內在內容提要機制:城市輸出產業的城市化經濟增長機制和從專業化到綜合化的城市性質變遷機制，它們主要表現為「市」發展的延續;另一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿空間增長的兩個內在機制:從單中心到多中心的城市化經濟運行的內部空間擴展機理和表現為城市區域化、城市連綿體的城市化經濟運行的外部空間擴展機理，它們主要表現為「城」發展的延續。
  2. Urban agglomeration economies means the intensive space of the enterprises and inhabitants brings about the economy in economic interest or cost. as a social economic activity, the effect of intensive and specialization, the large - scale economic interest and external economic interest

    城鎮聚集經濟是指因企業、居民的空間集中而帶來的經濟利益或成本的節約，其作為社會經濟活動空間聚集所產生的效應主要表現為分工與專業化、規模經濟利益及外部性經濟利益。
  3. With the development of market economy and its improvement, injustice problem of economy and society, such as monopoly, external economies and unjustice social distribution, have held up the operation of market economy

    隨著市場經濟的發展和完善，壟斷、外部性和社會分配不公正等經濟和社會問題阻礙了市場經濟的運行。
  4. However, the slowdown had not translated into slower exports in the rest of the world. asian economies excluding china and japan continued to record impressive growth, and robust external demand in japan partly offset declining consumption

    然而，美國經濟增長放緩並未促使世界其他地區的出口減慢亞洲經濟體系不包括中國及日本繼續錄得可觀增長，日本強勁的對外需求部分抵銷了消費下跌的影響。
  5. And, with the necessary emphasis, we drew attention to the many important differences in, for example, the level of foreign reserves, the amount of external debt, the track record of fiscal discipline, the external orientation and the flexibility of the economies

    我們亦強調大家要留意兩地間眾多重要的歧異，例如外匯儲備水平外債水平財政表現經濟是否外向型及經濟的靈活程度等。
  6. Yet small open economies cannot have an independent monetary policy ( indeed, several have currency boards ) and are vulnerable to external shocks and speculative attacks

    然而，開放的小國經濟體不可能擁有一個獨立的貨幣政策（的確，一些國家有通貨委員會） ，而且，它們極易受到外部沖擊和投機性攻擊的傷害。
  7. Financial firms cluster in london because they derive external economies of scale

    在倫敦的金融機構受益於彼此產生的規模效應。
  8. Included the definition of money supply and the information content of monetary aggregates ; external circulation of hong kong dollar currency ; the flexibility of the argentine and hong kong economies and their compatibility with the maintenance of a fixed exchange rate ; lithuania s re - pegging from the us dollar to the euro ; monitoring us dollar interest rate expectations from derivative prices ; the relationship between bank lending and property prices in hong kong ; and price convergence between hong kong and the mainland

    包括：貨幣供應的定義及貨幣總體數字透視的資料內容；港元在境外流通的情況；比較阿根廷及香港經濟的靈活度，以及其與維持固定匯率的兼容性；立陶苑與美元脫? ，改與歐元掛? ；透過衍生工具價格監察美元息率的預期；銀行借貸與本港物業價格的關系；以及中港兩地價格融合。
  9. The present paper probes into three of these dimensions, namely, the enterprise - manufacturer, industry - trade and region - zone dimensions, arguing that spatial agglomeration is characterized by business growth and spatial expansion on the first dimension, with its functional mechanism embodied as internal economies of scale and scope ; by adjacency of enterprises on the second dimension, with its functional mechanism being external economies of scale and scope ; and by regional integration of the industry as a whole on the third dimension, with it functional mechanism being regional external economies of scale

    文章從企業廠商、產業行業和區域地帶三個尺度研究了經濟活動空間集聚，認為在企業廠商尺度上，空間集聚特點是企業增長和空間擴張，作用機理是內部規模經濟和內部范圍經濟；在產業行業尺度上，空間集聚特點是企業的空間鄰近性，作用機理是外部規模經濟和外部范圍經濟；在區域地帶尺度上，空間集聚特點是產業的區域復合，作用機理是區域外部規模經濟。
  10. Today, the desire of outside investors to put their money in these economies is overwhelming, as is shown in the strength of their financial markets, the low spreads on external borrowing and the size of the private capital inflow : in 2006, for example, net private capital flow to emerging economies was $ 256bn

    如今，外部投資者將資金投入這些經濟體的慾望十分強烈，證據包括走勢強勁的金融市場、較低的外部借款息差和規模龐大的私人資本流入? ?例如， 2006年，新興經濟體的私人資本凈流入達到2560億美元。
  11. The economic analysis of water - goods is the logical starting of the theory of water - funds allocation. the investment costs and external economies of the public water - goods deny the possibility of market allocation and need government intervention

    馬克思的資本運行理論揭示了資本運動、增殖和循環的內在機制、水利資金的運行軌跡同樣遵循這一機制。
  12. The emerging economies at the centre of the storm in the late 1990s insured themselves against a repeat by adopting flexible exchange rates, strengthening their banks, reorganising their external debts and building up huge reserves of foreign exchange

    曾經在90年代後期的經濟危機中處于風暴中心的新興經濟國家為了防止歷史悲劇的重演，採用了浮動匯率、提升了銀行對金融風險的防禦能力，同時重組外債結構並大幅度提高外匯儲備。
  13. Formulating, reviewing and co - ordinating policies and strategies in relation to hong kong s external commercial relations with other economies

    就香港與其他經濟體系的對外貿易關系，制定、檢討及協調有關政策和策略
  14. On the basis of reviewing explanation of economic development by economic growth theories, welfare economics, sustainable development theories and new institution economics, it proposes a new angle to explain economic development with industrial clusters. it holds that knowledge capital, organizational capital and social capital based on industrial clusters are new endogenous factors of economic development. industrial clusters " specialization division leads to increasing returns, external scale economies and scope economies, and accelerates economic development

    在回顧經濟增長理論、福利經濟學、可持續發展理論和新制度經濟學解釋經濟發展的基礎上，提出基於產業集群解釋經濟發展的新視角，認為基於產業集群的知識資本、組織資本和社會資本是經濟發展新內生要素，產業集群的專業化分工導致收益遞增、外部規模經濟和范圍經濟實現，從而推動經濟發展。
  15. Doing so would yield several benefits : it would spur much - needed improvements in infrastructure ; encourage more balanced economies by unlocking new sources of domestic demand ; and strengthen resilience to external shocks

    此舉將帶來諸多好處：刺激急需的基礎設施改善；釋放新的國內需求來源，以鼓勵經濟更為均衡地發展；強化（經濟體）抵禦外部沖擊的能力。
  16. Those economies where currency depreciation rather than internal price deflation is the accepted means of improving external competitiveness may be no better off at the end of the day

    其他經濟體系若以貨幣貶值而非內部價格下調作為改善對外競爭力的方法，它們最終的情況可能不會得到多大改善。
  17. The innovation of this article lies in : l ) it indicates that china has the special requirements to perform the strategic trade policy, such as industrial basis, market structure, great - nation characteristic, etc. 2 ) it points out china should make fully use of external scale economies. 3 ) it ' s high time to take strategic protection to our industries based on complete understanding of relative terms of wto

    本文的創新之處在於： 1 、指出中國具備實施戰略性貿易政策的特殊條件：產業基礎、市場結構、大國特性等； 2 、提出中國的貿易政策應以戰略性貿易政策為基點，充分利用外部規模經濟優勢； 3 、認為採取的政策措施一定要在完全理解wto有關條款的基礎上，靈活、有效、合理、合規的對本國產業實施戰略性保護。
  18. As the developing economies progress and the risk - adjusted expected rate of return in domestic investments or investments within the region rises relative to those of the developed economies, and as the growing concentration of claims against us residents leads logically to diversification, a significant correction in the external imbalance may eventually occur

    隨著發展中經濟體系不斷進步，相對在先進國家的投資，本地投資或區內投資的經風險調整預期回報率上升，同時對美國居民的債權的集中程度不斷增加亦理所當然地令投資者考慮分散風險，因此國際收支失衡的情況最終可能會出現大幅度調整。
  19. Firms in transition economies experienced a large exogenous shock in their external business environment in the late 1980s when these economies moved from a socialist - oriented economic environment to a more market - oriented economic environment

    在20世紀80年代沒末，當經濟環境從社會主義導向轉換成市場導向時，處在過渡經濟中的企業經歷著外界商業環境的巨大的沖擊。
  20. But for externally oriented economies, where domestic prices are strongly influenced by the prices of their trading partners, a stable external value for the currency, i. e. a fixed exchange rate, is often more suitable

    不過，對于以外貿為主的經濟體系來說，由於本地價格主要取決于貿易伴的價格，所以貨幣的外在價值保持穩定，即固定匯率，通常是更為適合的定義。
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