former level 中文意思是什麼

former level 解釋
以前的水平
  • former : n 1 構成者，創造者。2 【機械工程】模型，樣板，成形[型]設備。3 【無線電】線圈架。4 〈英國〉公學及...
  • level : n 1 水平儀，水準儀；水準測量。2 水平線，水平面；水平狀態；平面，平地。3 水平，水準；水位；標準；...
  1. Long - hole and geometrical proportion type of mixing unit is finally adapted in lpg supply system, and power and torque output of lpg engine are improved by increasing compression ratio, and ignition characteristic is tried to adjusted to satisfy engine performance. meantime emission performance and noise level of lpg engine at full - throttle and other various part - throttle operations are tested and compared with former gasoline engine. ( 3 ) it is verified by engine dyno tests that lpg engine has better synthesized performance at aspects of power and torque, fuel economy, as well as emission than former gasoline engine

    選擇了等比例長孔式混合器控制空燃比；通過提高壓縮比來彌補動力性的損失；以動力性為主控目標，對最大功率點、最大扭矩點、中等轉速、最低轉速點所對應的發動機轉速做了點火特性的調節；通過空燃比的合理控制，直接改善發動機的動力性、經濟和排放指標；作為對缸內燃燒過程的理論分析，進行了燃燒特性的實驗測試；對原汽油機和新開發的液化石油氣發動機，進行了外特性和部分負荷特性以及怠速的排放及噪聲對比性測試。
  2. Furthermore, it is also verified by chassis dyno tests that lpg motorcycle has better emission performance than gasoline engine, and has better acceleration performance e. g. exceed acceleration than former gasoline engine, and has low noise level characteristics as well as has ability to achieve equivalent level fuel economy performance compared with former gasoline engine

    整車動力性、經濟性和排放性轉鼓臺架試驗對比表明： lpg摩托車整體排放性能優于汽油摩托車；最高車速略有下降但加速性基本與汽油摩托車相同（超越加速性優于汽油摩托車） ； lpg摩托車具有良好的低噪聲特性，且整車燃料消耗率及其經濟性與原機基本相當。
  3. Former defense minister ma of the opposition likud party, “ the political level, the prime minister. the defense minister, they carry the major burden of the fiasco of the second lebanese war

    反對黨利庫德集團的前國防部長ma稱「在政治層面上，總理和國防部長，均應為第二次黎巴嫩戰爭的失敗負主要責任。 」
  4. Former defense minister ma of the opposition likud party, “ the political level, the prime minister. the defense minister, they carry the major burden of the _ _ 16 _ _ of the second lebanese war

    反對黨利庫德集團的前國防部長ma稱「在政治層面上，總理和國防部長，均應為第二次黎巴嫩戰爭的失敗負主要責任。 」
  5. Primula merriiliana is a small plant of biennial, rosette herbs with pinnately dissected leaves. the flowers are borne on leafless scapes in umbellate inflorescences, which are arranged in the form of 1 - 3 level of the umbels. they are often heterostylous, whereas p. cicutarrifolia is different from the former in having homomorphic flowers, one level of umbel, and the eroded tepals

    安徽羽葉報春為具異型花、花序1 - 3層，葉羽狀深裂的二年生小草本植物，毛茛葉報春為具同型花、傘形花序1層、葉羽狀深裂的二年生小草本植物，兩物種都在第一年八月開始萌發幼苗，第二年七月結束其生活史。
  6. The former enables access checks only at the application level

    對於前者，僅在應用程序級別啟用訪問檢查。
  7. The content of this paper came from the renovation project of the proportioning system of no. 3 blast furnace in hefei steel & iron co. the former proportioning system became the bottleneck of the iron production due to the aging equipment and the low - level automation

    本論文的工作內容來自合鋼3 #高爐槽下配料控制系統改造工程。合鋼3 #高爐原有配料系統由於設備陳舊，自動化水平較低，已成為高爐煉鐵的瓶頸。
  8. Since economic development and ecological environment is not inherently a pair of contradictory elements, the former does not necessarily intend to sacrifice the latter. on the premise that economic development is not hampered, proper environmental economic measures shall be taken to lower the level of kuznets curve, therefore the synchronization of economic growth and ecological environment improvement can be definitely accomplished

    經濟發展與生態環境並非天生的一對矛盾體，經濟發展並非一定要以犧牲生態環境為代價，在不阻礙經濟發展的前提下，採取適當的環境經濟手段促使環境庫茲涅茨曲線變得低平，完全可以實現經濟增長與生態環境改善的同步。
  9. To the level control problem of a spherical tank, two model - free control methods are proposed. in the former method, the takagi - sugeno fuzzy model is used to tune the neuron controller gain. in the latter method, the model - free control method using the neural network model proposed for nonlinear plants is presented

    針對具有非線性特性的球形容器液位受控對象，從增益自調整和非線性補償兩個角度，分別提出了兩種非模型控制方法，前者採用t - s模糊模型對神經元控制器的增益進行在線整定，後者使用本文建立的非線性神經元網路對球形容器進行非模型控制。
  10. The potential applications of amr include both civil and military communication, especially non - cooperative communications and communication confrontation, such as identifying signals, supervising signals, distinguishing interference, electronic confrontation, analyzing military threat, etc. on the basis of our analysis to the existing research on feature abstraction, the related feature abstraction methods are optimized in this paper, resulting several effective methods such as the feature abstraction based on transformation domain, stepped voltage level analysis, normalized carrier - free spectral energy analysis, squared signal and fourth powered signal analysis, etc. both the decision theory based on recognition algorithms and the artificial neural network ( ann ) based on recognition algorithms is analyzed, and the former is selected as it is more appropriate for this research

    調制類型的自動識別廣泛應用於民用通信與軍用通信，尤其是對于非合作性通信、通信對抗，比如：信號確認、信號監控、干擾辨識、電子對抗、軟體無線電、電子救援、通信對抗、軍事威脅分析等。本論文在分析現有研究的基礎上，借鑒了已有的特徵提取方法，對相關調制類型特徵提取方法進行了優化，使用了一些有效的方法，如基於變換域特徵提取方法、梯層電平分析方法、剔除載波后的歸一化頻域能量分析方法、信號平方后的頻譜分析方法、信號四次方后的頻譜分析方法等。通過對基於決策理論和基於人工神經網路兩種識別演算法進行分析，本論文選擇了較適合的基於決策理論的識別演算法。
  11. But when heavyly loaded, the former is far better than the latter. the wear resistance of za27 alloyed with mn is no obviously better than that of common za27 alloy. under the sliding friction conditions, the wear resistance at high temperature of za27 is improved by alloyed si and reaches the highest level when the content of si is 1 - 3wt. %

    裂紋主要始於脆性相si相和mn相，裂紋沿晶界擴展；在滑動摩擦條件下（常溫） ，含si的za27合金在載重較小時，耐磨性與普通za合金相比沒有明顯提高，但在載荷較大的情況下，其耐磨性遠高於普通za27合金材料；加mn的za27合金與常規za27合金相比，耐磨性沒有明顯提高；在滑動摩擦條件下， si的加入提高了za27合金的高溫摩擦性能。
  12. To this, transmit of general office of the state council labor safeguard ministry and ministry of finance about executing the opinion of allowance of national official medical treatment, the requirement attends in national official while primary medical treatment is safe, according to former medical treatment at public expenses actual expenses and insurance of primary medical treatment raise fund the level raises money funds of medical treatment allowance, include finance the budget, use technically at the medical treatment charge of accessorial officeholder, the charge that includes charge of medical treatment of the above that seal a top, individual to pay medical treatment charge to exceed certain amount above oneself and medical treatment take care of the primary medical treatment of the object to take care of charge

    對此，國務院辦公廳轉發了勞動保障部和財政部關于實行國家公務員醫療補助的意見，要求在國家公務員參加基本醫療保險的同時，根據原公費醫療實際支出和基本醫療保險籌資水平籌集醫療補助經費，列入財政預算，專門用於補助公務員的醫療費用，包括封頂以上醫療費用、個人自付醫療費用超過一定數額以上的費用和醫療照顧對象的原醫療照顧費用。
  13. The former, usually above sentence level, includes analysis of linguistic points in the source text, exhibiting its characteristics as a sense unit, while the latter, usually at or below sentence level, includes analysis of non - linguistic points, exhibiting its features as a linguistic unit

    它集中體現了翻譯單位作為思維單位的一面；而操作單位多定位在句子及句子以下的層面，集中體現了翻譯單位作為語言單位的一面。
  14. Madam li zi - mei, a former lecturer at an american vocational training center and currently a therapist - consultant in clinical psychology in the u. s. said that the book had impressed her deeply. upon opening it she found that the whole text, from the foreword to the stories themselves, is perfectly structured for use in childrens psychological education. the first level helps to develop love through imitation of actions

    曾任美國職訓中心講師，也是美國臨床心理科學諮詢治療師的李咨玫女士表示：這本書帶給她非常大的震撼，她第一次翻開閱讀，即發現書中從前言到故事內容，具備完整的兒童心理教育層次，第一層次是透過言語文字，在行動上發展愛力，然後到推己及人，進而發展到第三層次，也就是專注在精神層次，達到全人格發展。
  15. The applicability of chinese constitution is determined by five factors ; but the influence of former soviet union ' s constitutional theary together with the low law consciousness of chinese society and the constitution ' s low applicability had resulted in the nonapplication of chinese constitution before 1980s ; the application of it in both the special initi - tute authorized by the constitution and the courts since 1980s has shown that the constitution not only should be applied but it is actually applicable, but the application has been in a low level concerning the geographical areao and the cases in which the law is applied

    從憲法在現實中適用的情況看：第一，憲法可以也應該適用，因為： （ 1 ）憲法是法，具有法的基本屬性； （ 2 ）憲法是根本法，當它的下位法「缺位」或下位法與它相違背時憲法應適用； （ 3 ）憲法有自己的獨特的調整對象，普通法無法替代，普通法的適用代替不了憲法的適用； （ 4 ）在社會轉型時期，社會關系不斷發生變化，而普通法的較具體性以及法的穩定性使普通法難以適應社會的需要，而憲法的原則性、概括性則能適應社會不斷發展變化的需要。
  16. 6 there is a significant difference in the developing students " creativity between art and science teachers, and the understanding and implementing level of the latter are much higher than the former

    6 、文、理科教師在培養學生創新精神方面有顯著差異，理科教師在認識水平和操作水平上明顯高於文科教師。
  17. While the former means people move between the public and private sectors at the same level, the latter includes both upward and downward movement. such a change distinguishes a modern society from a traditional one

    水平流動指的是同一階層內公私部門間的流動，例如由公家機關轉到私人公司服務，又如政府機構自企業界網羅人才。
  18. We do not see any chance of restoring our sales to their former level

    我們看不出銷售量會恢復到以前的水準。
  19. This gas is now about 30 percent more abundant than it was a few hundred years ago, and it is expected to double or triple its former level by the end of this century

    現在，大氣中的二氧化碳總量比數百年前增加了30 % ，在本世紀結束時，預計將達到過去標準的2 ~ 3倍。
  20. He struggled long to keep up an equality with catherine in her studies, and yielded with poignant though silent regret : but he yielded completely ; and there was no prevailing on him to take a step in the way of moving upward, when he found he must, necessarily, sink beneath his former level

    他長久努力想要跟凱瑟琳在她的求學上保持平等的地位，卻帶著沉默的而又痛切的遺憾，終于舍棄了而且他是完全舍棄了。當他發覺他必須，而且必然難免，沉落在他以前的水平以下的時候，誰也沒法勸他往上走一步。
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