formula change 中文意思是什麼

The anharmonic effect of atomic vibration taken into account and from the potential energy which reacts each other among atoms, boltzmann statistical principle used, the relation formula of temperature and the distance change between atoms and coefficient of linear expansion is derived

摘要考慮原子振動的非簡諧效應，從原子間相互作用勢能入手，運用玻爾茲曼統計原理，推出了原子間距的變化與溫度的關系式，並導出了固體的線脹系數。

On this foundation the article inducts in detail the method which is based on the relative settlement of calculating unit area end support ( qb ) force at the same time considering the feature of pedestal pile ' s " arch effect " the article introduces conception of pile effective length and finally obtain t he formula of calculating man - made pipe with bulb - shaped axial carrying capacity. the article uses marc program to calculate and analyze foundation soil ' s stress and displacement and gets the change curve chart and the proportion that is shared by king - pipe side soil friction resistance and pipe end counterforce respectively. the article inducts the structure of pedestal in detail on the basis of generalizing pedestal application cases of many countries

在此基礎上論文詳細歸納了以相對沉降為依據確定單位面積端承力q _ b的計算方法，並考慮擴底樁的「拱效應」特點引入了有效樁長的概念，最後結合公路規范推出了比較實用的人工挖孔擴底樁軸向承載力計算公式。論文運用了marc程序對地基土的應力和位移進行了有限元數值計算分析，得到了地基土的應力和位移場的變化曲線和在加載過程中樁側土摩阻力和樁端反力各自所承擔的比例；本文還在總結各國挖孔擴底樁應用情況的基礎上就擴底樁的構造進行了詳細的歸納。

We shall now show that the change of variable formula for integrals is just as unforgettable.

我們現在來說明積分的換元公式也一樣好記。

Abstract : a new waveguide which can change the wide wall of a rectangular waveguide into a symmetric arc wall is named as a cam - rectangular waveguide. comparing to sectoral waveguide, the new waveguide has the same voltage characteristics and is easier to be produced and fixed. an approximate formula of the dominant mode fields and the normalized conductance of a longitudinal resonant slot cut in the curved wall of a cam - rectangular waveguide are given. a resonant slot linear array in c & x band is designed, in which the slot voltage distribution is equiphase and the input is matched. the input voltage stationary ware ratio and the h - plane pattern of the antenna are measured. the experimental results show the conformance with theoretical results

文摘:把常用的矩形波導一個寬面改成圓弧形構成的波導稱為圓突-矩形波導.這種波導與扇面波導相比：電性能相當；波導管結構更加簡單，容易加工，便於安裝.文中給出圓突-矩形波導中主模場，圓曲面上縱向槽歸一化諧振電導近似公式.設計了c和x波段波導曲面縱向諧振縫隙線陣，縫隙電壓相位為同相分佈，輸入端匹配.實際測量了天線輸入端電壓駐波比和h面方向圖，理論與實驗相吻合

Abstract : in this paper, the formula in the evaluation of standard uncertainty for the parameter in smooth change is derived from characteristics of random error

文摘:根據隨機誤差的特性，推導了測量平穩變化參數時評定標準不確定度的計算公式。

Based on geometry alignment data and speed difference, by stat. formula are established about the relation between downgrade, curve radius and deflection and speed change. then method to establish speed characteristic curve is present

依據樣本路段的幾何線形數據和速度變化特徵，利用統計手段得出了縱坡坡度、平曲線半徑和偏角等線形指標與速度變化之間的關系公式，根據這些公式，給出了一定線形組合求解速度特徵曲線的方法。

From the formula the relative change rates of land use various counties ( cities, districts ) of chuzhou can be derived

由公式可以得出滁州市各縣（市、區）土地利用變化相對變化率。

Abstract : this paper presents an analysis of the moment of inertia ofcoiler in hot strip mill in detail, the derivation of theoretical formula of the inertia and the analysis, taking 2050 hot strip mill for example, of the inertia change rule and the compensation of moment of inertia

文摘:對熱軋帶鋼卷取機的慣性力矩進行了分析，推導出慣性力矩的理論表達式，並結合2050熱軋卷取機分析了慣性力矩的變化規律，對慣性力矩進行了補償。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

And based on the consideration of the impacts of the drum end plate, surface rope slot and quality change of the wire ropes, the paper has deduced the theory calculation formula of the drum stability

同時，基於該結論在綜合考慮捲筒端板、表面繩槽和鋼絲繩變質量等因素的影響，利用薄殼武漢理工大學博士學位論文力學推導出了捲筒穩定性理論計算公式。

This formula shows the change of the light transmission with the continuous change of incident angle and azimuth angle of incident light, and the refractive index of the glue and thickness of the glued layer of the prisms. the effect of wavelength is also studied

解釋了激光偏光棱鏡的光強透射比隨光線的人射角、方位角、膠合層介質的折射率及膠合層的厚度的變化關系，還討論了人射波長的影響。

Through experimental research, the calculation formula that the pressure highly - adjusted capacity of two cylinder chambers varied with the change of step load and the formula about hydraulic elements main parameter ( rated pressure ) were both made, which had important valuation in selecting the main parameter about this hydraulic system

通過試驗研究得出了出口節流調速系統中液壓缸兩腔壓力超調量隨負載變化的計算公式以及出口節流調速系統中液壓元件主參數（額定壓力）計算公式，有利於正確選擇系統的元件及主參數。

Aimed at the practical performance of soft clay, the static equilibrium equations taking consideration of effect of mass change, with the introduction of soil configuration, soil convection formula and mass conservation theory in soil, are derived, which reveal the phenomenon of coupling of total stress and seepage in equilibrium equations. then, some advisable experimental means are explored to determine the effect of mass change during consolidation. objective stress and strain should be used in large strain analysis

針對軟粘土大變形固結的實際性狀，文中引入了土體構形的概念，土體傳運公式和土體質量守恆定律，並由此導出了考慮變質量效應的大變形固結靜力平衡方程，揭示了平衡方程中存在的總應力與滲流相互耦合的效應，並考慮了固液兩相的可壓縮性，進一步探索了測試變質量效應的試驗方法。

Lmpa, the relationship is f di = l 55xl0 - " e47j l t ) in this range, the relative error of the hydrgen permeabilty bbeen the experimental values and the formula values are less than 3 %, the durability test showed that after the cycle experiments of prcssure and tempebe for 30 days, the perfrmance of the membran did not change, at last, the theory of hydrogen permeaton was discussed, too. through this work, the pfepared surf ases modified zirconium memran can satisfy the requirement of the purity and the permeating fiux of hydrogen isotope gas

Imp范圍內，鋁表面改性選擇滲氫膜的數學表達式為： （ 1320 i 155x10 」 exd l 「 t ）在這個溫度和壓差范圍內，滲氫系數的實驗數據計算值與數學公式計算值的誤差在3以內；鉻表面改性選擇滲氫膜的壽命考核實驗表明，經過連續30大的循環溫度、壓力實驗，膜的質量、性能無變化；並討論了膜的滲氫理論。

2. by using the internal force - decomposability method, a numerical means was applied for the analysis of the test data, so we can probe into the situation of the internal force change on the steel and rpc, based on these, the simplified calculating formula is suggested

2 、採用內力分解分析法，對圓鋼管rpc試件試驗數據進行數值分析，分別探討了圓鋼管rpc在極限荷載狀態下的鋼管和rpc各自的內力變化情況，據此，提出圓鋼管rpc極限承載力的簡化計算公式。

Change the assessment formula and the asset test for in determining the level of financial assistance to students under lsfs

修改用以釐定本地專上學生資助計劃下學生獲發的資助額的評審算式和資產審查方式；

Sintering or friction all brought about chemical change in the surface of solid lubricant and the change of valen ce state of mo, s, fe and so on ; the micro - hardness of pure ptfe was minimum and the surface - hardness of solid lubricant was increased with the increase of additional packing filler in formula ; the compressive strength of pure ptfe was minimum and its compressive strength could be increased notably by adding organic and inorganic filler. but not more additional amount, more notable increase of compre

、 feso4 、 cus等物質;燒結及摩擦均使固體潤滑劑表面發生化學變化，使mo 、 s 、 fe等元素的價態發生變化;純ptfe的顯微硬度最低，固體潤滑劑的表面硬度基本是隨著填料加入量的增加而增加的;純ptfe的抗壓強度最低，在ptfe樹脂中加入無機填料均可明顯提高其抗壓強度，但並不是加入量越多，抗壓強度提高越明顯。

The temperature stress is analyzed by formula and numerical method respectively ; and the fit temperature step is obtained. the interactions of undamaged pavement and soft clay ground, damaged pavements and soft clay ground are studied under the conditions of temperature change

其次，採用公式法和有限單元法計算一維瀝青混凝土桿低溫下變溫的溫度應力，通過分析給出了採用有限單元法計算溫度應力時的合適溫度步長。

This article has analyzed the strain gauge fatigue law, it has carried on the confirmation through the experiment ; summarized inferring the weary condition principle and the method of the strain gauge from the zero creep and the sensitivity rate of change theoretical formula

摘要分析了應變片疲勞規律，並通過實驗進行了驗證；總結出了利用零點漂移和靈敏度變化率理論公式推斷應變片的疲勞狀況的原理和方法。

In order to integrally interpret the modern geodetic data, on the basis of available works, we put forward the basic concept of the coupling movement between the crustal deformation and density change, analyze the theory of coupling movement, and derive a general strict formula of time - varying gravity caused by the coupling movement

摘要為整體解釋現代大地測量數據，提出了地殼變形與密度變化耦合運動的基本思想；分析了地殼變形與密度變化耦合運動的基本理論；導出了由地殼形變與密度變化耦合運動引起的重力時間變化一般嚴格公式。