forward-propagating 中文意思是什麼

Furthermore, we analyze fiber bragg grating of a constant refractive index modulation and period, found the coupled - mode equations that describe interactions between the forward - propagating guided core mode and the backward - propagating guided core mode itself

並用耦合模理論對最簡單的均勻光纖布拉格光柵進行分析，建立其耦合模方程，並給出解析解。

The coupling is between forward - propagating core fundamental modes and forward - propagating cladding modes

其耦合機理是前向傳輸的纖芯基模與前向傳輸的各階包層模式之間的耦合。

( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。

In this paper retrospected the history of literary supplement, and focused on the background of today ' s competitive and complicated domestic market of news papering, put forward that should engage well with the literary supplement of news paper in the small - medium cities, stress reflecting its times sense, and step in life, manifest regional features, so as to undertake the responsibility for propagating and inheriting regional traditional culture and modern culture

摘要本文追溯了報紙文藝副刊的歷史，並針對當今國內外報業市場紛繁競爭的背景提出應辦好中小城市報紙文藝剎刊，凸顯報紙文藝副刊的時代感，走進生活，辦出地方特色，以擔當起傳承地方傳統文化和現代文化的責任。

Chapter 4 draw out some beneficial enlightenment : establishing some trending standards to currency cooperation in east asia, scooping out and propagating the east asia peer value, strongly pushing forward the " tough system equipment " structure, china and japan carry the duty of early class behavior group to push the system to change

歐元的制度供應來自社會科學知識的積累（最優貨幣區理論的演進與發展人歐洲統一的思潮與運動、德國央行的成功經驗、國家的作用及集體行動，這幾方面的因素和力量通過影響制度供應曲線的斜率和曲線本身移動來推動制度變遷。