gene difference 中文意思是什麼

On the basis of expound the theory of building exterior - protected construction energy consumption and the gene of influence the building energy, set up mathematics model, this article discuss the mechanism of dispelling the heat of the buildings " thermal bridge and the complication that influence it, and then synthetic analysis and calculate the influence range of building thermal bridge in exterior - protected construction column thermal bridge to the building outer wall get the conclusion that when the construction column can satisfy the building stress - area, in bulgy construction column dispel less heating than out bulgy construction column. but if the pole stuck out more than 100mm, in bulgy or out bulgy make no difference

本文在闡述建築圍護結構耗熱原理以及影響建築能耗因子的基礎上，採用數值模擬方法，探討了建築熱橋傳熱的基本機理和影響建築熱橋傳熱的因素，進而對建築熱橋在圍護結構傳熱中的影響范圍進行了綜合分析和計算，研究了構造柱熱橋型式對建築外墻能耗的影響，得出了構造柱在滿足建築受力面積要求的情況下，內凸構造柱較外凸構造柱略能減少散熱量的結論，但是凸出過大（ 100mm ）無論內凸還是外凸對建築耗熱都沒有大的差別。

With the successful expression of exogenous gene in plant. the advantage of plant expression system become a highlight increasingly. based on the successful expression of hbmp - 3m gene into tobacco, we maked the study o f transferring hbmp - 3m gene into tomato and hbmp - 3 gene into tobacco, in order to obtain tomato transgenic plant with hbmp - 3m gene and tobacco transgenic plant with hbmp - 3 gene, to establish basis for getting step farther of leaning the expression of hbmp - 3m gene and hbmp - 3 gene in plant, the difference between the product of hbmp - 3m gene and hbmp - 3 gene in plant and the active of expressible product

隨著植物基因工程的迅猛發展，一些疫苗、抗體、細胞因子等異源蛋白在植物中的成功表達，植物表達系統的優點日益受到關注。本研究室在成功地將hbmp - 3成熟肽基因轉入煙草並檢測有目的蛋白表達的基礎上，進行hbmp - 3成熟肽基因轉化番茄和hbmp - 3全長基因轉化煙草的研究，以期獲得轉hbmp - 3成熟肽基因番茄和轉hbmp - 3全長基因煙草植株，為進一步研究hbmp - 3成熟肽基因和全長基因在植物體內的表達及區別奠定基礎。

The intraspecific difference of the triose phosphate isomerase gene from giardia lamblia

藍氏賈第鞭毛蟲磷酸丙糖異構酶基因種內差異研究

Here we studied the relationship of various factors and the quality of protoplasts. which maybe could be the basic of moss gene targeting. results showed : inoculated the spores onto diferrent kinds of media, such as ms, benecke and knop, we found that there was no difference when the spores germinated and differentiated into cauliform soon

通過對立碗蘚的無菌培養和原生質體操作發現： （ 1 ）立碗蘚孢朔接種在無菌ms 、 benecke 、 knop培養基上，均可萌發產生原絲體，但不久便分化為莖葉體，很難長期保持其原絲體狀態，不同培養基條件下原絲體狀態有所不同。

Since 1980s he has been studying the mechanism of normalization of abnormal blood pressure and the resetting of baroreceptor reflex by acupuncture and somatic nerve stimulation, effects of brain osmoreceptor stimulation on sympathetic nerve discharge and renal activity, the role of vasopressin in body fluid and salt homeostasis, difference in gene expression between hypertensive and normotensive rats, hypertension and cardiac ischemia - induced myocardial remodeling, effect of steroids on the nervous system, etc. with his research achievements, dr. yao was awarded science and technology progress prize sponsored by the state education commission grade a award in 1986, grade b award in 1995 and by the ministry of health grade b award in 1989 and 1993, grade a award of guang - hua science and technology prize 1995, and chinese universities science and technology prize grade b award in 2000

近二十年來，他主要從事針刺和刺激軀體神經對心血管和腎臟活動的調整作用刺激腦內滲透壓感受器引起的交感神經放電和腎臟活動的改變血管升壓素在心血管活動調節和水鹽平衡中的作用原發性高血壓的相關基因高血壓和心肌梗死引起的心肌重構甾體激素對神經系統的影響等。他的科研成果曾獲得國家教委科技進步獎一等獎一項1986年二等獎一項1995年衛生部醫藥衛生科技進步獎二等獎二項1989 1993年光華科技基金獎一等獎一項1995年中國高校科學技術獎二等獎一項2000年。

Heredity modes of 6 traits were studied by analysis of population genetics, by the method of family combination analysis, by the methods of proband ' s sib analysis, segregation analysis, the threshold model of polygenes, and analysis of typical family trees, according to the data of the 72 families. the relative importance between genetic and environmental effect on each character was evaluated by comparing the coherence of twins. gene frequencies of 5 genetic characters, calculated from han group in huhhot, were compared with other groups by u - test so as to study the population or nationality difference in heredity

採用群體遺傳學分析、家系組合分析法、先證者同胞法、分離分析法及多基因閾值模式分析方法對所得家系資料進行了統計學分析，結合家繫系譜分析探討了上述6項特徵的遺傳方式；通過雙生子一致率的比較，對上述特徵的遺傳與環境效應的相對重要性進行了評價；計算了呼和浩特市漢族群體5對遺傳性狀的基因頻率，採用u檢驗方法與相關文獻報道的其他群體進行了比較，探討了不同種族間或民族間的遺傳差異性。

The recombinants were constructed by transforming ppic9 a - xynb into p. pastoris gs115. the assay results revealed that the xylanase gene xynb was overexpressed and secreted effectually in p. pastoris. in 3l fermentor the expression level of xylanase xynba exceeded 1200iu / ml and the expressed xylanase had normal bioactivity. the molecule weight of xynba was determined as about 31kd which is higher than 23kd of original enzyme xynb from streptomyces olivaceoviridis a1. xynbb was gotten by deglycasylation of xynba, whose molecule weight returned to 23kd. we comparised the enzymatic properties of xynba expressed in p. pastoris, xynbb deglycasylated from xynba and xynb produced from streptomyces olivaceoviridis al : there was little difference among the three enzymes on optimal ph, the optimal ph of xynb and xynba were both 5. 2, the optimal ph of xynbb was 5. 0 ; the optimal temperature of xynb and xynba were both 60 c, while the optimal temperature of xynbb was 50 ? ; because of glycosylation the thermal stability of xynba was better than xynb and xynbb ; the specific activity of xynba and xynbb were 883. 88iu / mg and 832. 5hu / mg respectively, which were both lower than 2814. 45iu / mg of xynb ; the km values of xynb and xynba were similar to each other which were 21. 56 ( g / kg ) and 20. 87 ( g / kg ), while the km value of xynbb was 27. 10 ( g / kg ) ; the fmax of xynba and xynbb were 4568umol / mg. min and 5329umol / mg. min respectively which were lower than 27623 umol / mg. min of xynb ; additionally all of the three enzymes did not display cellulase activity. they all had well resistance to pepsion and trypsin, and were not sensitive to metal iron, surface active agent and chelating agent. the analysis of different xylans enzymatic hydrolysate revealed : by xynba, that the main constitutions of enzymatic hydrolysate of birch wood xylans were xylotriose and xyloquaiose, which account for 68. 43 % and 16. 50 % respectively, additionally there was 11. 79 % of xylobiose ; the main constitutions of enzymatic hydrolysate of corncobs xylans were xylobiose and xylotriose, which account for 81. 78 % and 11. 55 %. the result indicated that this xylanase was a kind of 1, 4 - b - d - xylanohydrolase and was fit to used in industrial procession of xylooligosacc harides

進一步對xynba進行了脫糖基化處理得到xynbb ，其分子量恢復到23kd ，證明xynba是糖基化蛋白。通過對畢赤酵母重組表達的木聚糖酶xynba 、脫糖基化的木聚糖酶xynbb以及橄欖綠鏈黴菌a1所產原酶xynb之間酶學性質的比較發現：三種酶的最適ph差異不大， xynb和xynba均為5 . 2 ， xynbb為5 . 0 ； xynb和xynba的最適溫度均為60 ， xynbb降為50 ：在耐熱性上， xynba由於糖基化作用熱穩定性明顯高於未糖基化的xynb和xynbb ； xynba和xynbb的比活性分別為883 . 88iu mg和832 . 51iu mg ，明顯低於原酶的比活2814 . 45iu mg ； xynb和xynba的km值相當，分別為21 . 56 （ g kg ）和20 . 87 （ g kg ） ，而xynbb的km值較大為27 . 10 （ g kg ） ； xynba和xynbb的vmax相差不大，分別為4568 mol mg ? min和5329 mol mg ? min ，明顯低於xynb的27623 mol mg ? min此外三種酶均無纖維素酶活性，對胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶有很好的抗性，且對作用環境中的各種離子、表面活性劑、螯合劑不敏感。通過對不同木聚糖的酶解產物的糖份分析發現：以樺木木聚糖為底物時，酶解產物主要為木三糖和木四糖，含量分別為68 . 43和16 . 50 ，另外還含有11 . 79的木二糖；以玉米芯木聚糖為底物時，酶解產物主要為木二糖和木三糖，含量分別為81 . 78和11 . 55 。

The expression efficiency difference between ped5 and pcdhfrl, a vector utilizing cmv enhancer / promoter ( pcmv - ie ) for foreign protein production, was analyzed using human interferon - p ( ifn - ) gene and human secreted alkaline phosphatase ( seap ) gene as reporters. when analyzed in transient expression, ped5 showed a little more protein produciton than pcdhfrl. however, in continuous expression, when serum concentration was lessened to slow down cell proliferation, ped5 expressed 3. 1 times more reporter proteins than pcdhfrl, which implied that pef - io was less affected by cell cycle status in contrast to pcmv - ie, making ped5 a good expression vector for foreign protein production

應用人-干擾素（ ifn - ）和人分泌型堿性磷酸酶（ seap ）基因作為報告基因，對含有巨細胞病毒即早期啟動子（ p _ （ cmv - ie ） ）的表達載體pcdhfr1和ped5表達外源蛋白的能力進行了比較，發現對于瞬時表達， ped5略好於pcdhfr1 ；在穩定表達中，通過降低血清濃度，使細胞增殖緩慢，這時ped5表達外源蛋白的能力較pcdhfr1高3 . 1倍。

Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大

The isozyme took one kind of important genetic marker is widely applied to biology research each domain, the plant isozyme can in the very great degree be able to reflect between the plant individual the heredity difference, is surveys the gene difference and the hereditary change one important method

同工酶作為一種重要的遺傳標記被廣泛應用於生物學研究的各個領域，植物同工酶能夠在很大程度上能反映植物個體之間的遺傳差異，是探測基因差異和遺傳變異的一種重要手段。

There are no obvious difference for the frequencies and genotypes distribution for the mbl gene codon 54 mutant allele between hans and uigurs

10 ，兩民族ggc54gac基因型分佈和突變頻率無顯著差異。

The obtained results do not support a major gene for body mass index in chinese, the discrepancies between our study and previous studies may result from ethnic difference between chinese and other populations ; the general model provides the best fit to the data, while the environmental model is the second parsimonious model, perhaps due to complex mode of body mass index inheritance ; a moderate heritability estimate is found for body mass index ( h2 = 0. 313 ), lower than that of other populations, this is presumably due to the fact that aside from the influence of genetic bases, body mass index is strongly influenced by environmental factors and that there is a low proportion of obese individuals in samples ( only 4. 1 % individuals have body mass index > 30 )

分離分析的結果表明， （ 1 ）體重指數不存在主基因分離，不同於在其他非中國人群中檢測的結果，說明存在種群差異性； （ 2 ）一般模型提供了最合適模型，環境模型是次之的嚴格模型，可能由於體重指數遺傳模式的復雜性所致； （ 3 ）中國人群中體重指數具有適中的遺傳率（ h ~ 2 = 0 . 313 ） ，低於其他人群中的結果，這是由於體重指數除了受遺傳因素影響外還受環境因素影響及樣本中低比例的肥胖個體（ 4 . 1的個體bmi 30 ）的原因。

The percentage of polymorphic sites, degree of genetic polymorphism and genetic distance were compared and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by neighbor - joining method. the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) and the pcr products were directly sequenced after purified. these sequences, together with the homologous sequences of another trichiuridae species lepidopus caudatus obtained from genbank were used to analyze nucleotide difference and to establish a upgma phylogenetic tree by means of biological informatics

汝us價ay1830 ）各12個個體進行rapd分析，對比多態位點比例、遺傳多態度以及遺傳距離，並構建neighbor - join噸系統樹;通過pcr擴增出線粒體165rrna基因，純化后直接測序，利用生物信息學方法進行序列分析和核昔酸變異比較，結合ge紅bar止中大西洋叉尾帶魚（ lepid （護腳caud玫tuseuphrasen1788 ）同源序列構建u甲cm叭系統樹。

Here we managed to make cultured mice peritoneal macrophages be directly influenced by oligochitosan, and be stimulated by ifn - r before oligochitosan added, then measured the changes of gene transcription and translation level of both il - 1 and imf - a, respectively by methods of relatively quantitive rt - pcr and elisa. first, rt - pcr results showed that 18 hours was the most effective time and 40ug / ml was the most effective concentration of oligochitosan, then by the same method, confirm that 4hours is the most effective time and loou / ml is the most effective concentration of ifn - r stimulating. because ifn - r can enhance il - 1 and tnf - a gene expression of macrophages alone, so add ifn - r to microphages alone for 22 hours, then examined by rt - pcr, the results showed that il - 1 and tnf - a gene expression have no remarkable difference compared with the blank contrast group

此外，由於ifn y單獨作用也可促進兩種細胞因子基因表達，故在巨噬細胞中加入ifn y單獨作用22h ，再經阿一pcr檢測，發現加ifn y的實驗組細胞的幾一lp和tnf a基因轉錄水平與空白對照組相比較無顯著性差異，可見，殼寡糖和ifn v對巨噬細胞il lp和tnf一口基因轉錄水平的影響在作用時間上無一致性，在殼寡糖作用最適時間時，僅受ifn y刺激的巨噬細胞il lp和tnf q基因轉錄己下降至刺激前水平，因此可以認為， ifn y的加入僅起到對巨噬細胞預刺激使之處于敏感狀態的作用，有利於增強殼寡糖對巨噬細胞的作用。

Accordingly, ers2 - 1 is still able to confer ethylene insensitivity via a single receptor gene ers1 in the quadruple mutant, but at a highly reduced level compared to its function in the triple mutants. the major difference between the quadruple and triple mutants is the absence of a wild - type ers2 gene in the quadruple mutant, and we propose that the dominance conferred by ers2 - 1 can be mediated and amplified via the wild - type ers2 to the subfamily i receptor ers1

三突變體的遺傳背景與四突變體相比，只是在三突變體中保留了ers2的野生型基因，而當這個野生型的ers2基因突變后，對乙烯不敏感的ers2 - 1基因的功能便減弱了，說明顯性基因ers2 - 1在etr1 - 7 ； err2 - 3 ； ein4 - 4三突變體中的功能可以經由活化ers2后再傳給ers1 ，而不僅僅是直接傳給ers1 。

Some thinking that is about the synergy of the since and technology business has been given. the gene theory has also been used in this article in order to describe the reason that the resources looks as same as in enterprises with different competence, is the difference between the gene structure

本文在研究中還借用了生命的基因結構理論，把中小企業核心能力關鍵要素比作生命的基因，較為形象地說明了資源組成在表面上看似毫無差異的企業，但由於「基因結構」不同，會表現出了完全不同的競爭力。

Seventy - nine improved wheat cultivars ( lines ) including some related parents were corssed with rye to detect the difference of crossability among wheat genotypes and the developing tendency of crossability during the cultivar renewing period in shandong province, the results expressed that crossability of improved cultivars with rye were significantly lower than that of the check ( chinese spring ), and there were 3 cultivars with a seedset of more than 50 %, 4 cultivars with the seed - set of 30 % - 50 %, 8 ones with that of 10 % - 30 %, 50 ones with the seed - set of less than 5 %, and the other 14 cultivars with the seed - set of 5 % - 10 % ; the mean crossability between wheat and rye decreased with the renewing of cultivars in shandong, and the number of cultivars with the seed - set of more than 50 % and 30 % - 50 % also decreased, but that with the seed - set of less than 5 % increased gradually during the renewing period ; pedigree analysis revealed that the crossable gene of the tested cultivars might come from 3 landraces ( youzimai, mazhamai and huixianhong ), laizhou 953, 8641012, yannong 15 et al were improved wheat cultivars with both excellent agronomic traits and high crossability with rye

以79個改良小麥品種（系）與黑麥進行雜交，研究普通小麥品種與黑麥雜交親和性的差異及其親和性在品種更新、更換過程中的演變趨勢，結果表明：供試改良小麥品種與黑麥的雜交親和性顯著低於對照中國春；結實率大於50 %的品種3個，占供試品種的3 . 8 % ，結實率介於30 % - 50 %之間的品種4個，佔5 . 1 % ，結實率介於10 % - 30 %之間的品種8個（ 10 . 1 % ） ，結實率小於5 %的品種50個，佔63 . 3 % ，另外，結實率介於5 % - 10 %之間的品種14個，佔17 . 7 % ;普通小麥與黑麥的雜交親和性隨著品種的更新、更換呈下降趨勢，平均結實率大於50 % 、介於30 % - 50 %的品種數均呈下降趨勢，而結實率5 %的品種數呈上升趨勢；系譜分析表明，供試改良品種的親和性大都來源自蚰子麥、螞蚱麥、輝縣紅3個地方普通小麥品種；萊州953 、 8641012 、煙農15等是親和性和綜合性狀都較好的改良小麥品種（系） 。

6 there is remarkable difference of learning adaptability in speciality type. it indicates : science > arts > art and re. but correspondingly the improvement is imbalance at each dimensionality and gene level

（ 6 ）在專業類型上，存在顯著的學習適應性差異，總體上表現為理科>文科>藝體，但在各維度與因子水平上則發展相對不平衡。

Statistics on code bias of alpha - amylase gene of bombyx mori and bombyx mandarina show that little difference exists between them. 3. sequence comparison of alpha - amylase gene of five insects

五種昆蟲的q澱粉酶基因序列的比較分析野桑蠶a澱粉酶基因核苦酸序列與家蠶、草地貪夜蛾（ spodotera戶u歸rdax玉米螟（ ostrinianubilalison25 ）和果蠅（ dnsophilasubobsc 。

The future characterization and genetic analysis for candidate mutant were carried out and find that some candidate mutant ( such as roi30 doil - 1 doi0311131 ) have good phenotype by drought h2o2 aba - stressed treatment. at the same time we also observe the development of candidate mutant at different growth stages carefully. many modal difference between mutant an d wild type at the same period were found, such as more rosette layering fatty and big in leaves, advancment or delay for the flower period, rosettes living in the main stem, shorten in figure, the amount of seed little, sterilization etc. these physiological and modal changes may reflect with maladjustment in expressions of some gene and confusion on their inner control, . we will futher study concrete and detailed function mechanism

我們對這些擬南芥侯選突變體進行進一步的鑒定和遺傳學分析，發現ro口口、 doil 、 doi口jlll3i等潛在突變株對aba 、過氧化氫及早脅迫有明顯表型，同時對潛在突變體的生長發育進行了詳細的觀察，發現多數潛在突變株與同條件下野生型比出現了許多明顯的形態改變，如:蓮座基葉增多、分層、肥大，花期提前或延遲，主莖生輪座，株型矮化，產籽量少，不育，敗育等，這些生理和形態上的差異很可能反映了它們內部某些基因的表達受到了影響、代謝調控發生了紊亂，具體和詳細的作用機制還需要進一步的研究。