genetic drift 中文意思是什麼
genetic drift
解釋
屬漸變-
This is one form of a process that biologists call genetic drift.
這是生物學家稱之為遺傳偏移的一種方式。 -
The discontinuous component of the genetic variation pattern of a species also contains the differences among subpopulations resulting from accidents of sampling genetic drift and others.
物種遺傳變異型不連續的成分也包含抽樣遺傳播遷和其他事故引起的亞種群之間的差別。 -
Crowding model is used to form multiple niches in fitness landscape, while clustering algorithm eliminates genetic drift in each inner niche
擁擠模型在適應值曲面上形成多個小生境，聚類演算法消除了每個小生境內部的基因漂移現象。 -
Neutral mutation - - evolution at the molecular level is primarily determined by mutational input and random genetic drift, rather than by natural selection
天然突變- -演化過程中在分子的層次上主要是經由隨機的基因流而決定，並非藉由天擇所影響。 -
E. mollis had higher genetic diversity among populations, and the reason may be as follows : ( 1 ) those populations are generally large and are not subject to significant loss of variation through small - population effects such as random genetic drift and inbreeding coupled with selection
相對於26種長壽木本特有種和61種狹窄的地理分佈種來說，翅果油樹種群也具有高的遺傳變異水平。這表明翅果油樹種群不存在遺傳上的退化現象。 -
Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映 -
The gene flow nm was 0. 2380 < 1, indicated that gene drift would promote the genetic differentiation
站位間的基因流n _ m = 0 . 2380 ，表明各站位間基因交流有限，反映出各站位間存在著隔離。 -
Seasonal outbreaks of ordinary influenza arise as a result of influenza viruses undergoing minor genetic changes known as antigenic drift
普通流感的季節性爆發，是由流感病毒出現稱為抗原漂移的輕微基因變異所引起。 -
Cause seasonal outbreaks of ordinary influenza arise as a result of influenza viruses undergoing minor genetic changes known as antigenic drift
普通流感的季節性爆發，是由流感病毒出現稱為抗原漂移的輕微基因變異所引起。
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