gertler 中文意思是什麼

gertler 解釋
格特勒
  1. In recent years, it has become clear that clusters cannot be narrowly conceptualized by focusing on their internal linkages but studies must also recognize their external dimension ( malmberg et al., 1996 ; bathelt, 2002 ; wolfe and gertler, 2004 )

    近年來，集群不能只是狹隘地從內部聯系定義，也一定要認識到它們的外部維度的觀點越來越明晰。
  2. For example, tighter monetary policy may raise the riskiness of shares themselves by raising and weakening the balance sheets of publicly owned firms ( bernanke and gertler, 1995 )

    例如，進一步緊縮銀根提高了利率成本，弱化了公眾公司的資產負債表，因而可能提高股票本身的風險性。
  3. Bernanke, gertler and gilchrist ( 1999 ) recognize that the inclusion of a richer financial structure, at least assigning a nontrivial role for banks into the monetary transmission mechanism, would be a worthwhile theme for research

    該選題的現實意義，在於中國的金融結構正在由以銀行為基礎向以市場為導向轉型，金融結構的轉型會對貨幣傳導機制和貨幣政策效率，進而對宏觀經濟穩定產生重要的影響。
  4. The debate between bernanke and gertler ( 1999 ) and cecchetti, genberg, lipsky, and wadhwani ( 2000 ) concerning the monetary policy under asset price boom - bust is originated from the flaws in contemporary mainstream theory of monetary policy. after reviewing and reorganizing the development of the theory of monetary economics, especially the theory of monetary policy, in the past 2 - 3 decades, the weaknesses and errors of the mainstream theory, in both the target ( s ) and instrument ( s ) of monetary policy, are pointed out

    當前國際上在泡沫經濟時期的貨幣政策對策問題上存在著爭鋒相對的兩派主要觀點，即以bernankeandgertler （ 1999 ）為代表的無為論和以cecchetti ， genberg ， lipsky ， andwadhwani （ 2000 ）為代表的有為論，而這兩派學者都宣稱其觀點符合當前貨幣經濟理論發展的正統。
  5. They are automatically exposed to news reports, gossip, rumours and recommendations about technologies, markets and strategies by just being in the cluster ( gertler, 1995 ; 2003 ; grabher, 2002a )

    因為在集群之中，它們被自動暴露于新聞報道、傳聞、謠言和關于技術、市場、戰略的建議。
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