guarantee of obligation 中文意思是什麼

guarantee of obligation 解釋
債的擔保
  • guarantee : n. 1. 保證，擔保。2. 保證人〈法律上用 guarantor〉。3. 接受保證的人。4. 抵押品，擔保物。vt. 1. 保證，擔保。2. 〈口語〉包，管保。
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • obligation : n. 1. 義務；職責，責任；負擔。2. 契約，合約；證券；債務。3. 恩惠，恩義。4. 債務，欠下的人情。
  1. This article consists of five parts as following : mortgage of uncompleted building was originated from the common law and the law of hong kong, so the paper probes into its meaning - the transformation of the specific property right ; when the debtor fails to perform his duty, the creditor can obtain the title determinately ; the debtor enjoys the right of redeeming the collateral security through fulfilling his debt, the creditor has the obligation of returning the property at the same time. secondly, the author summaries its essential feature on the practice of the real estate mortgage hi the mainland of china - the target of the mortgage is a kind of expective interest ; the mortgage is a kind of guarantee which is settled through making over the interests in expectancy ; the risk of the mortgaged uncompleted building should be borne by the realty company instead of the mortgagor ; the phase of the mortgage ; mortgage is realized in a particular way. thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the legal nexus that is involved, the paper points out that the legal ne xus of the mortgage is just between the mortgagor and the mortgagee

    樓花按揭作為一種擔保方式起源於英美法上的mortgage ，所以本文第一部分首先探討了mortgage在英美法上的含義：特定財產權利的轉移；在債務人不履行債務時，債權人可以確定地取得所有權；債務人享有通過履行債務而贖回擔保物的權利，同時債權人負有交還財產的義務。其次，就我國的樓花按揭實踐總結了其基本特徵：樓花按揭涉及兩個合同三方當事人；樓花按揭的標的是一種期待性利益；樓花按揭是通過轉讓物業權益而設定的一種擔保方式；預售樓花滅失的風險應有開發商承擔；樓花按揭的階段性；樓花按揭實現方式的特殊性。最後，分析了樓花按揭所牽涉的各個法律關系，認為真正的樓花按揭法律關系只是購房人與銀行之間的按揭貸款關系，按揭當事人只有購房人（按揭人）與銀行。
  2. As to this, the author classified it to two categories, they are the cause of breaking promise and the cause of legal provision. the former specifically covers joint obligation, impartible obligation, concurrent obligation and joint responsibility guarantee etc ; the latter mainly refers to together tortious act and together jeopardizing act. here, the author also discusses in view of the practice to clarify the issue of the application of law

    即連帶責任的違反約定的成因和違反法定的成因，而前者具體包括連帶債務，不可分債務，並存的債務承擔，連帶責任保證等，而後者則主要是指共同侵權行為和共同危險行為，當然對此筆者也進行了實踐上的探討，以明確法律的運用問題。
  3. The remarkable character of demand guarantee is that it stands independently without the influence of the modification and nullity of the basic contract. the guarantor ' s obligation will not be decided by the performance of the underlying contract. as long as the beneficiary present the demand announcement or breach declaration and the requested bill of documents, the guarantor shall make the payment

    它的顯著特點是：保函獨立存在，不受基礎合同變更或無效的影響，保證人的責任也不取決于基礎合同履行與否；只要受益人提交了索款聲明或委託人違約聲明及其他保函規定的單據時，擔保人即予付款。
  4. The first aspect is about amending the definition of the financial lease contract, and the second is of modifying the quality of the financial lease contract. the third aspect is that the financial lease contract should be treated as the contract concerned three parties and the rights and obligations belong to the every party ' s should be stipulated in one integrated contract. the forth involved transformation of some systems, such as the dual controlled system of the lesser, the lesser ' s obligation to guarantee no flaw of leased object, the right to charge under the sale contract, renting by foreign currency, the lessees risk of appointing agent, and so on

    一、修改融資租賃合同的定義；二、改變融資租賃合同的定位；三、將它規定為三方合同關系，用一個完整的合同規制各方當事人的權利義務；四、某些具體制度設計的改變，如出租人的雙軌制、出租人的瑕疵擔保義務、關于買賣合同索賠權、外幣計租、承租人選定代理人的指定風險等；五、建立融資租賃法律制度的完整體系，將目前尚未規定的各種非典型形式寫進合同法。
  5. By analysis various responsibilities and rights of the mortgagors in the mortgage financing are clearly stated. after that, the author probes into the range of the object and suggests it should include the compensation of vessel, freight, rent, insurance damage, expropriation losses, etc. through devising the main clauses in the contract such as declaration and guarantee clauses, precondition clauses, stipulation clauses, breach clauses, etc., chapter x focuses on the content of the right and obligation of two parties and designs the pattern of normal vessel mortgage financing

    明確了船舶抵押融資主體和客體后，作者通過對反映雙方權利義務關系的借款合同和抵押合同主要條款內容的設計，如陳述與保證條款、先決條件條款、約定事項、違約條款等，詳細分析了抵押融資雙方在抵押融資活動中所享有的權利和應履行的義務的內容，設計了一般船舶抵押融資的模式。
  6. It point out that the essential of municipal bond is the problem on repaying debt and assuring to local governments, the key factor is to enhance credit through credit enhancement, the extrude specialty is its revenue of interest except from tax. after analyzing an obligation and revenue bonds, it studies the origination : its issue principal part, the usage of financing, investors and intermedium ; the steps on the control of risk : the restriction on rights to creditor and the volume of debts ; the special regulation department ; the wide exertion of market and the clear duty system and guarantee on repaying

    在分析一般責任債券和收入債券后，探討了市政債券市場的運作，具體分析了市政債券的發行主體、資金用途、投資者和中介機構；在此基礎上，深入研究了美國市政債券市場的風險防範措施：法律對舉債權和舉債規模的嚴格限制、設置專門的監管機構、廣泛發揮社會的監督力量、建立清晰明確的責任體系和通過保險加強債券的清償保障。
  7. This paper has made a systematic summary on the system prevailing in china, and made a detailed study on some aspects as follows : the relationship between the system and other real guarantees ; the natures of the system ; the legal foundations of the lien, lienor ' s obligation : execution ; extinguishing and so on the paper concludes that the system is a special and separate system from those in ordinary civil law and make up a important part of maritime law, thus it should be prescribed by the special law, according to its nature and purpose, the system should apply universally to all maritime matters not only to the situations prescribed by the cmc ; the property under lien should not only be those owned by the maritime debtor, but also be those directly involved with the maritime claims, provided that those not hamper the public interests ; the maritime po ssessory lien is one of the legal real securities, not an agreed guarantee, so the maritime lienor has right to resist any other parties. anyhow, the establishment, execution, extinction of the maritime possessory lien should strictly follow the provisions stipulated by the law

    本文提出：海事留置制度是一種有別普通民事留置制度的相對獨立的特別留置制度，是海商法的重要內容，應當由專門的立法予以規定；海事留置權的法定性在於海事留置權依法定條件成立，依法定程序行使，並依法定的事由消滅；海事留置制度，作為一種物權擔保制度，對海事債權而言應當具有普通的適用性，而不應當僅適用於《海商法》現有的規定范圍；本文主張摒棄海事留置財產必須為相對債務人所有的限制，同時又主張對海事留置財產的范圍予以符合公序良俗的限制；海事留置權是一種法定的擔保物權，而非債權，得依法對抗第三人；在法院、國家行政機關對留置財產實行處置時，善意的海事留置權人的權利應當予以適當的保護。
  8. Secondly, from the space point, the excited spot of students ’ cognition is the guarantee of participant time. but the direction of obedience of the athletic management could form an opposed attitude of the students. otherwise, the blind spot of recognizing athletic laws is the combination of athletic right and obligation

    從大學生認知體育法規的行為特徵看，大學生對踐行體育保障義務的自覺性的認知缺乏;大學生對維護體育公德的自律性的認知較好;大學生對保護體育選擇權的自衛性的認知淡薄;大學生對掌握體育法規知識的自豪性的認知不足。
  9. ( 2 ) listed companies illegal guarantee relatively magnitude, in these amount of external guarantee, the illegal guarantee have a relatively large proportion. ( 3 ) the situation of external guarantee ’ listed companies is not optimistic, especially those of the illegal guarantee ’ listed companies. ( 4 ) external guarantee ’ listed companies exist large financial risk, while those of the illegal guarantee ’ listed companies ’ financial risk is particularly prominent. ( 5 ) the capacity of listed companies ’ external guarantee is relatively weak, the illegal guarantee ’ listed companies are more obvious manifestations ; the amount of illegal guarantee account for a large proportion of the total amount of guarantee. ( 6 ) substantial amount of guarantees of loans concentrated in the companies with large risk, listed companies ’ illegal guarantees manifested with the form of affiliated transactions, and, illegal guarantees ’ listed companies existence concealing information, deliberate failure to fulfil the obligation of information disclosure

    （ 4 ）對外擔保的上市公司存在比較大的財務風險，而那些違規擔保的上市公司的財務風險尤其突出。 （ 5 ）違規擔保的上市公司對外擔保能力比較弱，越是違規的上市公司在這方面的表現越明顯;違規擔保總額在這些違規擔保的上市公司的擔保總額中佔有很大的比例。 （ 6 ）大量的違規擔保貸款集中於風險比較大的公司之中;上市公司違規擔保以關聯交易的形式表現出來。
  10. Auto buying installments insurance has components of general property insurance policies, comparing with guarantee, it is different in right, obligation and implementation, counterargument etc, " guarantee law " is not applicable to this insurance ; auto buying installment insurance and auto sales contract has no master - slave feature, mutually separated, can not be incorporated for inquisition ; the insurance agreement established by insurance policy parties and filed insurance clauses are supplemented mutually, the agreement will prevail in case of any conflict ; the agreements such as " reserve auto ownership ", " set auto hypothec " in installments auto sales contract are the effective instruments of insurer to control risk, determine the paying scope of insured, is the foundation of the insurance policy, the insurer will be entitled to use it as the reason for exemption and subtraction of responsibilities

    其次，介紹和分析了分期付款購車保險合同的內容，包括保險合同當事人、保險標的和保險利益、除外責任、保險期限、保險金額和保險費、賠償處理、被保險人義務、爭議的處理等，並一一作了評析。再次，探討了保險合同的解除問題。著重分析保險人解除權的條件、行使期限、行使方法和效果，解除權的阻卻，探討了保險合同解除的溯及既往效力。
  11. Focuses on mortgage by agreement, analyzes mortgage contract. parties of mortgage contract, subject of mortgage contract, guarantee of obligation and form and content of guarantee contract

    著重對約定抵押權展開討論，考察分析了抵押合同、抵押合同當事人、抵押合同標的物、被擔保債權、擔保合同的形式和內容等問題。
  12. It becomes the most commonly used right for security purpose because it can satisfy the modern economy ' s need for guarantee of obligation and the need to use the collateral efficiently

    由於其能夠同時滿足現代經濟對債權擔保和擔保物經濟效用發揮的雙重需要，因而已成為許多國家運用最為廣泛的一種物的擔保形式。
  13. The author ' s view is abruptly different from the former ones, which hold that responsibility is a guarantee for the fulfillment of the duty or that responsibility is the legal result of the failure to fulfill the obligation. the key point of the author ' s view is that responsibility is merely to pr ovide a certain possibility for the intervention of the public rights into the civil rights, but will not definitely lead to public rights

    這與先前不管是以責任為義務履行擔保和以責任為義務人不履行義務法律後果的觀點截然不同，而這其中很重要的一點就是將責任僅看成是為國家公權力介入民事權利領域提供了一種可能性，而不是責任就意味著國家強制力的必然出現。
  14. The system of breaching obligation and the system of debt ' s guarantee in traditional civil law is to assure the realization of debt, by which to guard the financial debt is banks " habitual thought and practice

    傳統民法中設有違約責任制度和債權擔保制度，運用這兩項制度來保障金融債權是目前銀行的習慣性思維和傳統做法。
  15. What will count most is the guarantee that for every interaction between two elements there is an explicit roster of mutual obligation and benefits, the contract

    而最有價值的是確保在任何兩個組成部分的交接處設計明晰的彼此義務和權利規范，即所謂契約。 」
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