indirect effects 中文意思是什麼
indirect effects
解釋
間接影響-
" pollution damage to the marine environment " means any direct or indirect introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment which results in deleterious effects such as harm to marine living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to fishing and other legitimate activities at sea, impairment of the useful quality of sea water and degradation of environmental quality
一） "海洋環境污染損害"是指直接或間接地把物質或能量引入海洋環境，產生損害海洋生物資源、危害人體健康、妨礙漁業和海上其他合法活動、損壞海水使用素質和減損環境質量等有害影響。 -
Mortars provide integrated indirect fire support to the infantry, with quick response times, the ability to bring fire safely to within close range of friendly forces, good accuracy and range, and dramatic terminal effects
迫擊炮可為步兵提供綜合性的非直瞄炮火支援，反應迅速，可為友軍安全提供近距離炮火支援，射程適中，打擊準確，效果直接。 -
In this experiment three sperm proeins, sp - 10. aeg. tmdc - iii. that were cloned and expressed by brist u. k., immunized on rats for analysing their immunogenicity and the effects on the fertility. then using indirect immuno - fluorescein staining method, the localization of sp - 10, tmdc - iii and aeg on human, mouse, rabbit, pig, bull sperm was observed under confocomicroscopy. the results as follows : 1. the rats successfully produced antibody after immunization with antigens sp - 10, aeg, tmdc - iii respective
本文用英國葛蘭素公司重組構建表達的三種抗原蛋白sp - io ， aeg ， tmdc -免疫大鼠，通過elisa實驗、免疫熒光組化實驗、交配實驗對它們的免疫原性、在體內的生殖作用、精子表達部位進行了分析，結果如下： 1 -
5. non - intelligence factor, prior knowledge and intelligence factor can cause striking indirect effects on their achievements by learning strategy, and non - intelligencefactor alse cause indirect effect by prior knowledge
非智力因素、原有知識和智力因素分別通過學習策略對學業不良生學業成就產生明顯的間接效應：非智力因素還通過原有知識對學業成就產生間接作用。 -
Should indirect effects on predators and parasitoids of target pests be regarded as harm
目標害蟲的捕食者和擬寄生物間的間接影響應該被當作危害嗎？ -
3 immunogenicity of m3m4 loop recombinant peptide antigen of nr1, neuroexcitotoxicity protective effects and their mechanisms study of antiserum against m3m4 ( 1 ) to explore the immunogenicity of m3m4 loop recombinant peptide vaccine, m3m4 recombinant peptide was injected subcutaneously to immunize balb / c mice ( h - 2 ), cd4 / cd8 t lymphocytes subsets, the cytokine levels in serum and the liter of specific humoral response were detected with facs, indirect elisa and elisa separately
，抗血清還可以結合合成膚nps ，證明該表位具有免疫原性和抗原性。收集抗血清用於功能檢測。 （二） m3m4片段抗血清抗興奮毒性損害作用以臺盼藍染色法和原位末端標記（ tun 』 el ）法觀察抗血清對原代培養海馬神經元興奮毒性壞死和凋亡的保護效應。 -
Treating the soil as a two - phase mixture and considering the interactive influence of seepage and solid deformation, this paper analyzes the dynamic impedance of group piles in layered saturated porous media by indirect boundary element method and investigates the effects of pore fluid in saturated soils on dynamic impedance of piles
摘要將飽水軟土地基視為兩相介質，考慮水的滲流和土骨架變形的耦合作用，用間接邊界元法分析層狀飽水軟土地基中橫向受荷群樁動力阻抗，探討飽和土中孔隙流體對飽和土中橫向受荷群樁動力阻抗的影響。 -
The effects of the war in iraq on hong kong are obviously indirect ones that work through temporary shifts in demand in the economies of our trading partners and volatility in major financial markets
伊拉克戰事對香港造成的影響顯然是間接的，它令本港貿易伴的經濟需求出現短暫轉變，也令主要金融市場波動不定。 -
It is very difficult to analyze flame radiation in the cylinder of a diesel engine by theoretical method since flame radiation is a function of many parameters, such as the combustion process, the geometrical description of the chamber, the soot formation and oxidation processes, the soot radiant temperature and soot absorption coefficient. the radiant property of the flame in a cylinder is dependent on the combustion process. but the thermodynamic state of real engine cycles can be analyzed from the pressure - volume diagrams in the cylinder. thus a new thermodynamic computational model is set up for the flame radiation in the cylinder of a diesel engine based on the indirect relationship between the flame radiation and the pressure - volume diagram of the combustion process in this paper. the flame radiant heat flux in the cylinder of a di diesel engine is calculated with the variation of crank angle by this model. compared with measured values, the result of the computational values shows the model is available to represent the effects of flame radiation
柴油機缸內的火焰輻射受諸多因素的影響，用理論分析法來確定它是相當困難的，由於柴油機缸內火焰輻射特性依賴于缸內的燃燒過程，而燃燒過程中的實際熱力狀態又可用示功圖來分析，因此藉助於火焰輻射與缸內熱力參數之間的這種間接關系，建立了一種計算柴油機缸內火焰輻射傳熱的新模型，利用該模型對一臺直噴柴油機缸內火焰輻射熱流量隨曲軸轉角的變化情況進行了計算，將計算結果與實測結果進行了比較，表明該模型能較好預測缸內火焰輻射傳熱量。 -
The major findings were : ( 1 ) except the chi square test that was easily influenced by the sample size, the results indicated that the english learning process model fitted the observed data well in preliminary, overall, and internal structure model fit criteria. ( 2 ) the direct effects in the english learning process model were significant regarding their affective reaction with action control, affective reaction with metacognition, action control with metacognition, and metacognition with learning performance ; the indirect effects were also significant regarding their affective reaction with metacognition, affective reaction with learning performance, and action control with learning performance
二、國中生英語學習歷程模式中，情意反應對行動控制具直接效果；情意反應對后設認知具直接效果；行動控制對后設認知具直接效果；后設認知對學習表現具直接效果；此外，情意反應對后設認知與學習表現具間接效果；而行動控制對學習表現亦具間接效果。 -
The findings show that ( 1 ) most acceleration mechanisms would facilitate npd speed effectively except the external sourcing of knowledge ; ( 2 ) internal corporate - level acceleration mechanism has a positive direct and indirect influences on project success, while two acceleration mechanisms of internal project - level and external sourcing of knowledge only have indirect effects ; ( 3 ) the result identifies a significant positive relationship between npd speed and quality as well as a significant negative relationship between npd speed and cost
主要研究發現為： （ 1 ）除了外部技術來源加速機制一項外，其他加速機制都能有效加速新產品開發速度； （ 2 ）內部公司層級加速機制對專案成功有正向的直接效果與間接效果，而內部計畫層級加速機制與外部技術來源加速機制兩項則僅有間接效果； （ 3 ）新產品開發速度愈快，愈能降低開發成本以及提升開發品質。 -
In the direct effect, the international trade effect is obvious, which build the first grade of fdi ’ s economic growth. while in the indirect effect, technology advancement and industry structure promotion build the second grade of fdi ’ s economic growth. and the capital accumulation effect along with some other outside effect, such as system innovation effect and effects of employment, which build the third grade of fdi ’ s economic growth
兩者之間既單獨產生作用又相互影響，但它們所表現的增長推動力和著力點是不一樣的:在直接效應中，貿易促進作用是顯著的，它構成了fdi對我國經濟增長的第一序列;在間接效應中，技術進步和產業結構升級的作用是顯著的，它構成了fdi對我國經濟增長的第二序列;而不顯著的國內資本形成效應、制度變遷效應以及一些其他外部效應，則構成了fdi對我國經濟增長的第三序列。 -
The loading effects of the atmosphere are the sum of the direct effect, which comes from its newtonian attraction to any point on the surface or within the interior of the earth, and the indirect effects, which is induced by the earth ' s deformation and additional gravitational potential arising from redistribution of the mass because it can be regarded as the surface loads. they are traditionally expressed as the convolution integration of the atmospheric green ' s function, which is virtually the sum of the elastic and gravitational green ' s functions, and the measured values of the barometric pressure on the earth ' s surface over the globe
隨著現代大地測量技術和數據分析手段的日益提高，大氣對各類物理場地表觀測的負荷影響必須予以考慮，大氣的負荷效應為直接效應（大氣對地球表面及內部點產生直接吸引）和間接效應（大氣作為表面負荷作用於地球，導致地球的彈性形變和內部質量的重新分佈，產生附加位）之和，習慣上表示為大氣格林函數（彈性項和直接引力項格林函數之和）和地表氣壓觀測值的全球褶積積分 -
These effects, including indirect diffuse lighting, soft shadows from area light sources, and color bounce between surfaces, produce images and animations of unsurpassed realism for producing compelling presentations
這些效果，包括間接擴散光，面光源柔和的投影，還有面之間的顏色反射，產生了非常卓越的真實場景和動畫，而不是產生生硬的圖像。 -
Many practical factors, such as effects of line fuses protection, disconnected switches, scheduled maintenance, spare electrical source, spare transformers in distribution system, are considered in the assessment arithmetic. in the assessment, it is more practical that low - voltage power system is equivalent to an element on the lateral section of mid - voltage system. especially, the minimal cut - sets are divided into direct cuts and indirect cuts, which makes the effects of elements in cuts on system more legible and exact
演算法考慮了分支線熔斷器保護、隔離開關、計劃檢修、備用電源、有無備用變壓器的影響，將低壓系統等效為中壓系統分支饋線上的一個等效元件進行評估，使得該方法更符合實際，特別是，將最小割集分為直接割集和間接割集，使割集元件的影響更加清晰準確，並以c + +語言編制了計算軟體。 -
This is a proven path. 3. all the effects within this model include direct effect and indirect effect
企業要素對知識管理及技術創新績效的影響既包括直接路徑影響，同時還存在間接路徑影響。 -
But over - loaded stress can lead all kings of side - effects to teachers physically, mentally and professionally, which will affect teachers " occupational interests, attitude and their teaching behaviors, thus bringing about bad effect or quality, which in the end absolutely affect the whole school education system or even the society in a direct or indirect way. the cause of occupational stress lies in two aspects
教師職業壓力最直接的負面影響主要表現為對教師的心理、生理和行為上的消極影響，從而影響教師的職業興趣、職業態度和職業行為，再進一步影響教師教育教學的效果與質量，還不可避免地會對學校教育、教學工作，甚至社會造成直接或間接的負面影響。 -
Effects of integration of direct and indirect approaches on children ' s english vocabulary learning via multimedia animation
間接與直接學習方式的整合對兒童學習英語詞匯的影響 -
After doing two - stage study, i. e. pilot study and large sample study, and testing the reliability and the validity of variables in this paper, we conclude that level of amt has positive impacts on level of quality management and level of quality management has positive impacts on enterprise performance. although level of amt has no positive impacts on enterprise performance, it has indirect effects on enterprise performance through the mediating function of quality management
經過小樣本調查與大樣本調查兩個階段並對變量指標的可靠性與有效性進行分析后，我們得出結論認為先進製造技術水平對企業質量管理水平有著顯著的正向影響，企業質量管理水平對企業的績效水平有著顯著的正向影響，而雖然先進製造技術水平對企業的績效並無顯著的影響，但通過與質量管理工作的共同作用，它對企業績效還是有著一定的間接影響。 -
When analyzing any policy, we must consider not only the direct effects but also the indirect effects that work through incentives
在分析任何一種政策時，不僅應該考慮直接影響，而且還應該考慮激勵發生作用的間接影響。
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