institutional finance 中文意思是什麼

institutional finance 解釋
機構融資
  • institutional : adj. 1. 慣例的，規定的，制度上的。2. 公共機構的，社會事業性質的〈尤指慈善事業機構〉。3. 〈美國〉【廣告】主要為建立公司產品聲譽而創招牌的。adv. -ly
  • finance : n. 1. 財政，金融，財政學。2. 〈pl. 〉歲入，財源，資金。vt. 1. 為…供給資金，給…通融資金。2. 賒貨給…。vi. 掌握財政，處理財務。
  1. The workshop focused on five topics : 1 new strategies for chinas land policy reform ; 2 institutional reform for land requisition and collective construction land entering onto market in the process of urbanization and industrialization ; 3 land revenue, finance and banking ; 4 land rights and interests security for the landless ; 5 improving farmland protection policies and land laws

    1中國土地改革的新課題2城市化和工業化過程中的征地制度改革與集體建設用地進入市場3土地收入與財政金融
  2. In practice there are four major institutional deficiencies in financial support of " agriculture, countryside and farmers " : 1 ) extreme difficulties in policy - related finance ; 2 ) market failure in commercial finance ; 3 ) sluggish development in cooperative finance ; 4 ) de - standardization in the growth of non - regular finance

    現實層面中金融支農存在著四大制度缺陷：政策性金融步履維艱、商業性金融市場失靈、合作性金融發展遲滯、非正規金融發育失范。
  3. Small and medium - sized enterprises ( smes ) are important sections in chinese economy system and play a special role that can not be substituted by large - sized corporations. marketing - economy system caused the institutional conflicts. in recent years, solving the sme ’ s finance embarrassment becomes the discussible focus of the government and the financial area

    目前，我國中小企業數量已佔全國注冊企業總數的99 %以上，其工業總產值、銷售收入、實現利稅、出口總額分別佔到全國的60 % 、 57 % 、 40 %和60 % ，提供了約75 %的城鎮就業機會。
  4. Second, the dissertation analyzes and summarizes the theory of changes of government regulational institutions from the angle of microstructure, using three theories of institutional changes, which include the new institutional economics, evolutionary economics and thoery of evolutionary game. at the basis of the three theories, it lays emphasis on the following aspects : the beginning of the institutional changes. under the great pressure of public finance, the government becomes the elementary action group of the changes of regulational institutions in order to obtain the large benefit of building expressway

    在綜合運用諾斯的制度變遷理論、演進觀的制度變遷理論和進化博弈觀的制度變遷理論的基礎之上，對高速公路管制制度變遷進行了理論分析，分析的主要內容側重於以下幾個方面：制度變遷的發動? ?在巨大的財政壓力之下，為獲取修建高速公路的巨大收益，政府成為管制制度變遷的初級行動團體，變遷首先是從放鬆投資管制開始的。
  5. Chapter four regards the gradualness nature of institutional change as the prerequisite of analysis, points out china ' s finance ' s transition from separated operation to integrated operation is a gradual process of institutional change from the two aspects of " the wide institutional gap " and institutional change subjects, proves the pace of china ' s finance ' s moving towards integrated operation should be accelerated appropriately on basis of " advancing gradually " from the two aspects of necessity and possibility, states the strategic train of thought of china ' s finance ' s moving towards integrated operation gradually, and finally puts forwards some proposals of accelerating the process of integrated operation of china ' s finance

    第四章以制度變遷的漸進性作為分析前提，從「制度鴻溝」和制度變遷主體兩方面指出我國金融業由分業經營走向混業經營是一個漸進的制度變遷過程，從必要性和可能性兩方面論證了我國金融業走向混業經營的步伐應在「漸進」中適度加速，並闡述了我國金融業以漸進式道路走向混業經營的戰略思路，最後提出了加快我國金融混業經營進程的幾點建議。
  6. After the ministry of finance had issued the budget accounting regulation including overall finance budget accounting, governmental unit accounting and institutional accounting, a series of budget accounting regulation has come into being in china, which was suitable for our socialistic market economy. along with a series of reformation about government finance administration and government budget administration such as reforming edition method of budget etc., however, the working environment of our existing budget accounting regulation has made a big change

    但隨著我國以加強和規范財政管理為中心、對預算管理體制所進行的一系列改革，如：改革預算編制方法、細化預算編制內容、實行零基預算和部門預算、逐步實施國庫集中收付制度、推行積極政府采購制度等，現行預算會計的運行環境已經發生了重大變化、原核算內容和方法已不能適應某些新業務的變化在執行中暴露出一些深層次的問題，迫切需要對預算會計制度進行進一步修改和完善。
  7. From the viewpoint of the interactive relationship between modern pension scheme and productivity, this paper observed the function and prospect of occupational pensions in china within a background consisting of population structure, labor productivity, and finance environment, utilized simulation and scenario analysis in actuarial models to estimate and analyze the effect of occupational pensions in the replacement rate of urban retired employees, then pointed out the magnification effect of occupational pensions in increasing the replacement rate and the higher efficiency in improving retirement income of urban retired employees. it also predicted the size expectation of occupational pensions during 2002 - 2010 in china, described the function of occupational pensions in developing the capital market and improving the labor productivity, especially emphasized the higher probability of occupational pensions to play the role of institutional investors compared with basic pension. in short, this paper proved the positive meaning of developing occupational pensions from micro - level and macro - level respectively, and brought forward corresponding policy suggestions

    本文立足於現代社會養老保險制度與生產力之間的互動關系這一視角，把對我國企業年金作用與發展空間的考察置於包括人口結構、勞動生產率、金融環境等諸多因素的經濟大背景下，在精算模型中運用模擬（ simulation ）和情景分析方法，對企業年金對我國退休職工養老保險收入替代率的影響進行了定量分析和預測，指出了企業年金在提高退休職工收入替代率方面的放大作用，以及比基本養老保險在提高退休職工收入方面的更高效率；並對我國企業年金2002年- 2010年的預計發展規模做了預測，闡述了企業年金對我國發展資本市場和提高勞動生產率的意義，著重指出了企業年金較之基本養老保險基金充當資本市場機構投資者的更大可能性。
  8. Nations ordain the property rights structure, and it is a source to affect the capital market efficiency. but nations need to ordain the specific property rights structure to obtain the rent from public finance, which reflect on the chinese institutional change as follows : th e nation and its public finance demands play a key role in capital market development, but the nation ' s unilateral demand of public finance to obtain the rent caused the predicament in capital market

    而從產權視角看，兩者又具有了內生關系，因為是國家界定產權結構故而是影響資本市場效率的根源，而國家之所以構造出特定的產權結構則與其獲取租金的財政需要息息相關，反映在中國制度變遷實踐上就是：國家及其財政需要既是資本市場興起的關鍵，而國家單方面獲取租金的財政需要又是造成資本市場困境的根源。
  9. " institutional investor " as used in the directions is limited to securities firms, foreign institutional investors, securities investment trust funds operated by securities investment trust enterprises ( " site " ), the national finance stabilization fund, the civil servant pension fund, the labor pension fund, the labor insurance fund, and the funds managed by the directorate general of postal remittances and savings banks, and other financial and insurance institutions that engage in futures trading within the bounds mandated by the competent authority

    本應行注意事項所稱法人機構限於依主管機關規定?圍內從事期貨交易之證券商、外國機構投資人、證券投資信託事業所管理之證券投資信託基金、國家金融安定基金、公務人員退休撫恤基金、勞工退休基金、勞工保險基金、郵政儲金匯業局所管理之郵政資金、金融及保險機構為限。
  10. In practice, unlike the traditional finance that comes from the axioms and go to the logic in some sense, behavioral finance directly comes from the practice and go to the practice, and this is the charming to the investors, especially institutional investors. in this paper, i try to test the theory of behavioral finance through the empirical analysis of investor behavior and it ’ s strategies

    行為金融學是近年來國際金融學界的熱點問題，本文主要探討投資者的投資行為和基於行為金融理論的投資策略在中國證券市場的適用性，並創新地提出了基於基礎分析、行為分析、價值分析和成長分析的行為金融基金的選股模型。
  11. At the present stage, chinese futures brokerage firms have a large number of internal and external problems, especially on unsuitable institutional criterions referring to finance, accounting and tax. futures brokerage firms should set up industrial standards of their own

    發展至今，現階段中國期貨公司存在大量的內部問題和外部環境問題，尤其在財務、稅收等方面適用制度準則不當，應該建立期貨公司自己的行業標準。
  12. The affect of transaction costs on the benefits of stakeholders are accepted within the range of 10. 00 % - 50. 00 %. at present, public finance is used as compensation way to environmental benefits of forest resources, but from the long - term view, market creation of environmental benefits of forest resources is a better solution, government agencies will play important roles in institutional arrangements of environmental benefits of forest resources. outstanding of the paper are the following : firstly, time factor has been included in faustmann forest resource model ; secondly, more data are used to estimate tree growth models ; thirdly, time series models of environmental benefits of watershed forest resources are estimated to show time changes of environmental benefits of forest resources ; finally, transaction costs are included with regard to compensation fee institutional arrangements

    分析結果表明：水源涵養林的環境效益顯著，與傳統的僅考慮木材效益的林業經營方式相比，考慮環境效益后將使林業生產實踐和社會福利發生變化；對水源涵養林環境效益給予小幅度的補償如2 . 00 10 . 00即能達到改善環境、提高經營者收益和社會福利的目標，補償水平提高到一定程度以後其作用效果減弱，在經濟水平較低的階段或地區可以選擇較低的補償標準，當經濟水平發展到較高程度以後，可以適當提高補償標準，逐步過渡到完全補償；考慮交易成本以後，使利益相關者的福利有所減少，交易成本幅度在補償標準的10 . 00 50 . 00的范圍內時影響相對較小；目前適合於採用公共支付體系的經濟補償方式，但從長遠來看，創建水源涵養林環境服務市場是一種比較好的補償方式，且政府在水源涵養林環境服務市場制度安排方面仍將發揮重要作用。
  13. From the view of transaction cost, both of them have institutional substitute relationships based on the compare of transaction cost when they allocate capital resources. and to the practice of market reform in china, those relationships mean that china market reform and capital market development are overall processes to lower the social transaction cost by substituting market for government and developing capital market for public finance

    從交易費用視角看，兩者在資本要素配置上具有基於交易費用比較基礎上的制度替代關系，反映在中國市場化改革實踐上就是中國市場化改革和資本市場發展在總體上是一個以市場對政府、在資本形成上以發展中的資本市場對政府財政的制度替代從而降低社會總體交易費用的過程。
  14. The third chapter analyses and evaluates china present macroscopic finance risk by using statistical data from 1993 to 2001, which draws conclusions rfirstly, macroscopic economy environment is in the safe intervals ; secondly, bank default risk is the main risk ; thirdly, there is foam economy and national debt risk in china in some degree, fourthly, there is not institutional base for forming foreign capital risk. in the end, the author analyses the speciality of forming macroscopic finance risk

    再次，利用1993年至2001年的相關統計數據，對我國近段時期的宏觀金融風險進行了總體分析和評價，得出了如下結論：宏觀經濟環境在安全區間運行、銀行壞賬和國債風險是我國目前主要的金融風險、具有一定程度的泡沫經濟風險、外資風險不具備制度基礎。並且從產權制度、金融體系的結構性矛盾、證券市場的運行機制和國有資產管理制度缺陷四個方面分析了我國宏觀金融風險形成的特殊性。
  15. The dualism of finance caused by financial regulation, the system disfigurements and institutional defects during the economic transition period, and the lack of the internal supervision and stimulus derived from the imperfection of the corporation governance structures of economic bodies, offer enough rent for banks " rent - seeking behaviors. the economic result is that, implicit interest rate forms in the market

    金融抑制導致的金融二元性、經濟轉型時期的體制缺位和制度缺陷，以及微觀經濟主體不健全的法人治理結構導致的內部監督激勵不足，為銀行尋租行為的發生提供了不竭的租金源泉，結果形成了市場上的隱性利率。
  16. The behavior of investment and finance in venture capital involves the dual principal - agent relationships. there is the relationship between investors and venture capitalists and the relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs ， which is described by a branch of the theories of the neo - institutional economics

    本文以新制度經濟學中的一個重要分支? ?契約經濟學理論為立論基礎來分析風險投資中的投、融資行為涉及的投資者、風險資本家、企業家的三者之間的關系，他們構成雙重委託? ?代理關系。
  17. After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks

    如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。
  18. Based on the analysis to the major problems existing in rural credit system and path dependency theory, this paper tries to find out the institutional weaknesses of the current rural credit system and reposition public finance, commercial finance and rural credit cooperatives in the hope of establishing an efficient operational mechanism and strengthening the whole function of rural credit system and forming a strong supportive force for agricultural and rural development

    針對現有農村金融體系中存在的突出問題，利用農村金融制度變遷過程中的路徑依賴分析理論，找出目前農村金融體制的制度缺陷，進而對政策金融、商業金融、農村信用社重新進行功能定位和調整，建立起合理有效的運行機制，強化農村金融體系的整體功能，形成支持農業和農村經濟發展的合力。
  19. Then it discussed the causes of the change from the separation financial mode into the universal financial mode. author respectively analyzed this change from two perspectives - - the " functional finance " and the " institutional change model " of new institutionalist economics, pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of the two financial modes, and then introduced the operation frameworks in the universal financial mode and adjustments of the financial supervision

    接著分析了從分業經營轉向混業經營的原因，分別從金融「功能觀點」角度和新制度經濟學「制度變遷」兩個角度剖析混業經營現象，比較並總結了兩種模式的利弊，並介紹了混業經營的模式和金融監管模式的相應調整。
  20. This dissertation tries to constitute a systematic institutional approach for housing finance

    本文試圖構建一個系統的住房金融的制度分析框架。
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