instrumental observation 中文意思是什麼
instrumental observation
解釋
儀器觀察- instrumental : adj 1 儀器的，器械的，器具的 〈cf vocal〉。2 樂器（上）的，為樂器譜曲的，用樂器演奏的。3 作為手段...
- observation : n 1 觀察，注意；觀察力；?望。2 觀測，實測；【航海】測天；【軍事】觀測，監視，偵察。3 （觀察得的）...
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Second part - the main contribution and research results of this paper are focused on as follows : ( 1 ) how to use the measurements of a dual frequency gps receiver to determine the ionospheric delay correction model for single frequency gps of a local range ; ( 2 ) how to separate the instrumental biases with the ionospheric delays in gps observation ; ( 3 ) how to establish a large range grid ionosphere model and use the gps data of chinese crust movement observation network to investigate the change law of ionospheric tec of china area ; ( 4 ) how to improve the effectiveness of correcting ionospheric delays for waas ' s users under adverse conditions. ( 5 ) how to establish the basic theory and the corresponding framework of monitoring the stochastic ionospheric disturbance using gps ( 6 ) how to improve the modelling ability of ionospheric delay according to its diurnal, seasonal, annual variations based on gps ; ( 7 ) how to meet the demand of correcting the ionospheric delay of high - precision orbit determination for low - earth satellite using a single frequency gps receiver 1 extracting ( local ) ionospheric information from gps data with high - precision the factors are systematically described and analyzed which limit the precision of using gps data to extract ionospheric delays
二、具體研究工作的系統報告，主要集中在以下幾方面：研究如何利用單臺雙頻gps接收機的觀測信息確定電離層延遲改正模型，為小范圍的單頻用戶服務；研究如何實時分離gps觀測中的儀器偏差與電離層延遲；研究如何建立較大區域的電離層格網模型，進而初步設想利用中國地殼運動觀測網路深入研究我國領域的電離層的電子濃度變化規律；研究單頻用戶在不利條件下，如何更好地利用電離層延遲改正信息；研究利用gps監測隨機電離層擾動的基本理論和框架方案；研究如何綜合顧及電離層的周日、季節和年變化，進一步提高利用gps模擬電離層延遲的能力；研究如何實現星載單頻gps低軌衛星的精密測軌中的電離層延遲改正要求。 -
To analyze the questions and errors occurred in measuring the leaf photosynthetic rate using gas exchange, instrumental error, observation error and biology error in the use of portable photosynthesis system were computed and analyzed
為了了解紅外氣體分析法測定單葉光合速率中常見問題及產生的誤差，本研究對光合作用測定系統使用中的儀器誤差、觀測誤差和生物誤差進行較為全面的實驗和分析。 -
Based on the tidal gravity observation recorded with the gwr c032 superconducting gravimeter at jiufeng station, wuhan / china, the scale values of the gwr c032 scg and the lcr - et20 spring gravimeter are accurately determined with the method of instrumental same - site observing
本文基於武漢九峰臺超導重力儀固體潮觀測數據，採用儀器同址觀測的方法，實現了gwrco32超導重力儀和lcret20彈簧型重力儀格值的精密標定；採用由比利時皇家天文臺p
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