integral error 中文意思是什麼
integral error
解釋
積分誤差-
In order to improve the precision of colorimeters, photoelectricity integral colorimeter principle error emendation is studied
摘要為了提高色差計的精度，對光電積分式測色色差計的原理誤差進行了研究。 -
The influence of the cloud droplet spectrum character and the spectrum growth and change is considered, which does not use a cut - off value for conversion from cloud water into rain water process. in the continuous coalescence equation, the particles fall velocity difference is not moved out from the integral, but is integrated in the equation as the function of diameter d to avoid the error of using particles average fall velocity. in the new scheme, generation rate of graupel due to the collection of snow by graupel and the collection of cloud ice by graupel are included
雲中凝結核ccn的數濃度採用超幾何函數表示；雲水向雨水的自動轉換過程採用grabowski （ 1999 ）的公式，考慮了雲滴譜的特徵和發展變化對該過程的影響，而不是採用原方案給定閾值的方法描述該過程；對連續碰並方程不再將粒子落速差作為常量提出積分號外，而是直接作為粒子直徑函數在積分號內求解，這樣處理可以迴避使用粒子群的平均落速帶來的誤差；增加了霰和雪、霰和冰晶的碰並微物理過程。 -
Presents a new method for fairing of curves which has a small flexibility based on fitting the derivative of second order of curves. we fit the derivative of second order of curves by a polynomial fitting, then find an indefinite integral of this polynomial to get a approach of curves. otherwise, we discuss the analyze of the error and the optimize of fairing to this arithmetic
提出了一種針對小撓度曲線的逆向曲線光順演算法，該演算法直接擬合曲線型值點列的二階導數曲線，然後通過兩次積分來反求出光順后的曲線，並對該演算法的誤差分析、效果分析、光順優化等問題進行了深入探討。 -
The improved voltage model of rotor flux is proposed in the paper. it eliminates the influence to actual system function in the voltage model of rotor flux for the proper drift problem and cumulative error of pure integral calculus tache
提出了改進的電壓型轉子磁鏈估算模型，消除了電壓型轉子磁鏈估算模型中純積分環節所固有的漂移問題和積累誤差對實際系統性能的影響。 -
The main purpose of this paper is to study crack growth rate of a class of nonlinear viscoelastic materials under the condition of constant load and small - strain. in this paper : the new test program is raised by referencing the existing test programs and by our trial and error ; in the new test program, facilities involved in the nonlinear viscoelastic crack tests are relatively few, the test process is relatively simple and the data obtained from the experiments are credible. on this basic, the calculation of j integral of nonlinear viscoelastic double cantilever beams specimens and the parameter of fracture work of corresponding nonlinear viscoelasticity are derived
具體成果包括： 1 、證實了雙懸臂梁試件用於非線性粘彈性裂紋擴展實驗研究的優點：雙懸臂梁試件在實驗中能觀測到的擴展過程持續時間比較長，在計算j積分時，計算方法簡單； 2 、得到了改性聚丙烯材料用於非線性粘彈性裂紋擴展實驗的兩種有效的試件構形和相應的試件尺寸；採用不斷改善夾具的方法使得加載穩定； 3 、經過連續四個多月的時間得到了一組有用的實驗數據； 4 、得到了裂紋長度與時間的關系、裂紋擴展速度與時間的關系、裂紋擴展速度與裂紋長度的關系。 -
After the construct of the motion simulation model, genetic algorithm is used to do the adjustment of pid parameters of the control system of the joint motors, integral separation pid control and angle error analysis is finished, and three force / torque sensors, touch sensors, distance sensors and photoelectric switches are calibrated and installed
在建立了機器人關節控制系統模型后，使用遺傳演算法對其關節電機控制系統進行pid參數整定，進行機器人關節的積分分離的pid控制策略和轉角誤差的理論分析，並進行了機器人三維力/力矩傳感器、接觸傳感器、測距傳感器和光電開關的標定與安裝。 -
If you try to set a variable of an integral type to a number outside the range for that type, an error occurs
如果試圖將整型變量設置為其類型範圍以外的數字，將會出錯。 -
The non - linear partial differential ( integral ) equation often needs to be solved in the computational hydraulics, however, the mathematical theory of its numerical method has yet not been sufficient at present, for example, the development of some theories such as the strict stability analysis, error estimate and convergence proof has been unable to keep pace with the development of the numerical simulation method
計算水力學中所求解的是非線性偏微分（積分）方程組，其數值方法的現有數學理論尚不夠充分，嚴格的穩定性分析、誤差估計和收斂性證明等理論工作的發展還跟不上數值模擬方法的進展。 -
Abstract : this paper developed time domain integral constraints on error response for siso feedback control systems caused by nominal plant ' s near cancellation of stable pole - zero near the j - axis. these integral constraints should be satisfied by any feedback control systems. these integral constraints give new insight into the inherent trade - offs. it will result in the settling time longer or the infinite norm of the error response larger when there are near cancellations of stable pole - zero near the j - axis. hence, when feedback control systems are designed, it is necessary to avoid the compensator ' s poles and zeros nearly cancelling the nominal ' s zeros and poles ( even if these poles and zeros are stable )
文摘:導出了單輸入單輸出反饋控制系統誤差響應基於名義系統穩定的零、極點近似相消的時間域積分約束，此積分約束是任何反饋控制系統均應滿足的.這一約束給出了單輸入單輸出反饋系統固有折中的新的觀點.名義系統穩定的零、極點近似相消的存在導致反饋控制系統的調節時間延長或者誤差響應的無窮范數變大.因此，在反饋控制系統設計中，盡量避免補償器的零、極點與名義系統的極、零點近似相消（即使這些零、極點是穩定的） -
The integral operator is introduced such that the control system achieves a zero steady state error
滑模面中積分運算元的引入確保了閉環系統零穩態誤差的性能要求。 -
The simulation results in this thesis indicate that, its settling - time to full swing is 15ns with 3v supply, the total static power dissipation is less than 50mw, the differential nonlinearity error is 0. 58lsb, the integral nonlinearity error is 0. 54 lsb, spurious free dynamic range is more than 60db, and the output current can be adjusted
本課題設計的數模轉換器性能指標為:工作電壓3v ，建立時間15ns ，微分非線性誤差0 . 58lsb ，積分非線性誤差0 . 54lsb ， sfdr高於60db ，總功耗不到50mw ，輸出電流可調。設計成果可應用於數據處理和控制系統電路中，具有一定的先進性和實用價值。 -
Abstract : an approximate solution of a class of singular integral equation is given, the error and the possibility of the solution is analysed and proved
文摘:給出了一類奇異積分方程的一種近似解法，並對其誤差進行了分析估計，同時驗證了該方法的可行性 -
Too early switch can not present the advantage of fuzzy controller and even lead to integral saturation, while too late switch can not turn into pid control because of the static state error of fuzzy - ped control. at last, the choice principle of the threshold is analyzed and simulated
當過早地切換會體現不出模糊控制的優點而使超調量增大，甚至造成積分飽和現象使系統失穩；當過遲切換，如果模糊控制器有較大的靜差，則有可能根本無法進入pid控制。 -
In the actuation, the feeling measure and the balance compensation, the gyroscope used the electric capacity with the high sensitivity, the low energy consumption, and combined with the high quality factor characteristic of the resonance main body, which enable its system to have the quite outstanding performance : the vibration gyroscopes were generally used to measure the rotation rate, but because of axial symmetry factor, the axial symmetry vibrating - shell gyroscope can be used to measure not only the rotation rate but also the rotation angle, moreover do not bring the accumulation error as a result of the integral
該陀螺在驅動、感測與平衡補償上採用具有高靈敏度、低能量消耗的電容，並結合諧振體高品質的特性，有相當優異的表現:振動式陀螺儀一般都是用來感測轉速，而軸對稱殼式陀螺儀由於軸對稱的因素，不僅可以用來感測轉速，而且可以感測物體的轉角，並且避免了由於積分而帶來的積累誤差。 -
So it not only achieves the real - time feedback and the regulation of speed but also eliminate the static error of speed due to the integral action of pi regulator when the system is in a steady state
這樣不僅可以做到速度的實時反饋和調整，而且由於pi調節器的積分作用，可以使系統在穩態時做到速度無靜差。 -
It is pointed out that the bevel gear integral error measuring technology, which was invented in china, is a powerful tool to realize the local interchange of bevel gears
指出我國發明的錐齒輪整體誤差測量技術是實現錐齒輪局部互換的有力工具。 -
The relationship between j integral of nonlinear elastic double cantilever beam specimens and crack growth rate of nonlinear viscoelastic double cantilever beam specimens is derived. 7. predictions of theory and results of experiments are compared, and what cause error is discussed
5 、計算了改性聚丙烯雙梁對應的回復彈性j積分；得到裂紋擴展速度實驗數據與j積分的關系圖； 6 、推導了非線性回復彈性雙梁j積分與非線性粘彈性雙梁裂紋擴展速度的關系式；用理論公式預測了裂紋擴展速度理論值與j積分的關系圖； 7 、最後把理論預測和實驗結果做了比較。 -
2. based on the original bp network, some improvement on error back propagation arithmetic is made. the executing speed of the algorithm is increased through online adjustment of learning rate. combined with traditional pid control, this method generated two integral schemes : bp network + pid serial control and self - confirming control of parameters of pid controller based on bp network are constructed
在原有的誤差反向傳播（ bp ）網路的基礎上，對其學習演算法進行了改進，通過在線調節學習速率，提高了演算法的實現速度，並且與傳統的比例積分微分（ pid ）控制方法進行結合，分別實現了兩種集成方法： bp網路與pid串列控制方法和基於bp網路的pid參數自整定控制方法。 -
Direct torque control using space vector modulation ( svm - dtc ) scheme is discussed and the detailed designed, including space vector choosing and modulating, to overcome the control difficulties coming with the characteristic of low inductance. comparing with the basic dtc, the simulation results confirm the feasibility and good performance of this strategy. in order to reduce the torque error in dynamic state resulted from the nonlinear relationship between the torque and torque angle, a proportional - plus - integral ( pi ) torque controller with variable proportion is presented to ensure exact and quick control of torque in dynamic state
系統的闡述了永磁同步電機直接轉矩控制理論，分析了改進后的svm - dtc控制策略，並具體設計了控制技術的實現方案，包括參考矢量的生成和空間電壓矢量調制的方法；為減小電磁轉矩與轉矩角非線性關系這一因數給電機電磁轉矩動態調節造成的誤差，本文實現了變比例系數轉矩pi調節器的方案，確保了系統穩定性的同時，實現了電磁轉矩在動態過程中快速而準確調節。 -
The teclinique of varying order and step size of integration is researched according to the truncation error controi. the study results have established the theory bases for the numerical integral methods of the full dynandc simulation
並研究了根據積分的截斷誤差控制，自動變階變步長的技術，為電力系統全過程動態模擬技術中的數值積分方法奠定了堅實的理論基礎。
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