l problems 中文意思是什麼

The studies of plane heterogeneity are as follows : the text counts the parameters of the sandlayers " geometric shape of different sedimentous microfacies ; speculates the conditions of lateral communication by sandstone density according to the method brought forward by j. r. l. allen ; gets a group of parameters including the reservoir thickness, porosity and coefficient of permeability by using kriging method according to the data of logging results ; makes certain the direction of coefficient of permeability with variation function by modeling globosity function ; divides the sandlayers into five types by using the method of flowing cell based on three parameters, that is x h, kxh and h / h, and accounts the favorable region. on the base of above - mentioned studies, the text evaluates the heterogeneity of sandlayers and gives the resolutions to these problems to serve the development of the field

Allen ）等人提出的統計方法，用垂向上砂體密度的界限來推測砂體側向連通情況；根據每口井的測井解釋資料，利用克里金插值法對外間進行插值，得到了一組反映儲層特徵在平面上變化的參數，包括儲層厚度分佈、孔隙度以及滲透率，並且成圖；利用變差函數法，通過球狀函數模擬，確定儲層優勢滲透率方向：根據流動單元法，以儲能系數、容積系數以及凈毛厚度比三個參數為依據，通過聚類分析方法進行流動單元劃分，並且按照參數特徵將其分為五類，統計各砂層有利流動單元區塊。

2 with the correlative analysis between the landuse structure and economic development, the main problems of landuse in youyang county are summarized as follows : ( l ) a large proportion of farmland are leanness, so the land quantity is bad ; ( 2 ) the forest vegetation is broken seriously, and the soil erosion is severe and the eco - environment is depravating ; ( 3 ) the number of land for water conservancy facilities is small ; ( 4 ) the proportion of town and transportation land is not accorded with landuse plan ; ( 5 ) land collocation is inconsequent ; ( 6 ) the land resources is plenty and a lot of land are not used but the land which can be opened up for farming

2通過對酉陽縣土地利用現狀結構與經濟發展的相關分析，總結了酉陽縣土地利用存在的主要問題有以下幾點： （ 1 ）中低產田比例大，土地質量差； （ 2 ）森林植被破壞嚴重，水土流失嚴重，生態環境惡化； （ 3 ）水利設施用地較少； （ 4 ）城鎮和交通建設用地欠賬大（ 5 ）土地資源配置不合理； （ 6 ）土地資源總量豐富，未利用地面積大，耕地后備資源不足。

In order to offer reference to integrated application of species for tamarix l. in china, this paper discussed the taxonomy, biology and physiology characteristics of tamarisk, reviewed the research advances on investigation, identification and evaluation, collection and storage of germplasm resources of tamarisk l., and summarized genetic breeding, seeding seedlings, cutting seedlings and tissue culture of tamarisk l. so as to put forward the direction of innovative research and application based on indicated problems in research of germplasm resources of tamarisk l

摘要為了為檉柳屬植物的綜合開發應用提供參考依據，文章論述了檉柳屬植物的生物學和生態學特性，綜述了我國檉柳屬植物種類的資源調查、鑒定評價、收集保存及引種育種情況，總結了國內檉柳播種育苗、扦插育苗和組織培養育苗的研究現狀，指出了檉柳屬植物種質資源研究方面存在的問題，提出了檉柳屬種質資源創新研究和開發利用的建議。

Abstract : problems of water resource limit the agricultura l developmentand econ omical development of guizhou karst region

文摘:水資源問題制約了貴州巖溶地區農業和地區經濟的發展。

Because there are some problems in gamut mapping technology, such as : the cie l * a * b * is not a perceptually uniform color space, the knowledge of custom colors is not sufficient, and how to select the anchor point is very important, we propose some ideas to solve these problems

本文在分析現有色域匹配技術的基礎上，針對其採用的抽象顏色空間非完全均勻、缺乏對習慣色的研究、以及如何選擇最佳映射參考點等問題，提出了若干解決方法。

In this paper, the taxonomical problems of tulipa l. from china were studied based on the results of both the field observation and the examination of herbarium specimens, and the analysis of leaf epidermis morphology, pollen morphology, seed coats micromorphology and comparative embryology. the main results are as follows : ( 1 ) tulipa l. from china is taxonomically revised. there are 16 species distrubuted in china and tulipa kuocangshanica d. y. tan, x. r. li et d. y. hong is described as new

本文通過野外調查及憑證標本的考證，並結合葉表皮形態、花粉、種皮的微形態及比較胚胎學等方面的觀察，對國產鬱金香屬植物分類中存在的問題進行了研究，主要內容如下： （ 1 ）對國產鬱金香屬植物進行了了修訂，確認了國產鬱金香屬植物共有16種，其中新種1個: tulipakuocangshanicad . y . tanx . r . lietd . y . hong 。

Since l. a. zadeh who is control theory expert of u. s. a. has presented fuzzy set in 1965, the increasing problems all may be solved by using fuzzy mathematics method

自1965年美國控制論專家查德提出模糊集合以來，越來越多的問題都可以利用模糊數學的方法來解決

The classification system among species of lycoris was discussed through morphology, chromosome, molecule. the systematical relationship among 12 species of lycoris has been discussed. the problems in the taxonomical systematics are as follows : ( l ) the results of cytology are different from that of molecule, but results of karyotype analycis and that of rapd are same. so it is seem too hard to divide lycoris two subgenus according to corolla regularity

其中，通過形態、染色體、分子方面對石蒜屬植物種間分類系統進行了探討，在石蒜屬分類系統方面存在的主要問題有： （ 1 ）細胞學與分子系統學上的證據較為一致，而與形態學上的證據存在差異，因此，能否以花冠整齊與否將石蒜屬劃分為兩大亞屬值得商榷； （ 2 ）石蒜屬植物的雜合體較多，這些種的系統位置仍存在分歧； （ 3 ）微形態證據探討石蒜屬分類系統方面研究較為缺乏。

The paper summarizes the latest research advances in chimonanthus praecox ( l. ) link community ecology in terms of community distribution and environment, flora composition, appearance and structure, population structure, and physiological and ecological factors, points out some currently - existing research problems, and puts forwards some research priorities and orientations

摘要本文從群落分佈與群落環境，區系組成、外貌和結構，種群結構及生理生態學等方面綜述了蠟梅群落生態學研究的最新進展，指出了現今研究中存在的一些問題，提出了今後研究的若干重點領域和方向。

Because of some problems of internet bank of the development of chongqing and the counterwork, the study is very important, especially based on chongqing city area. the problems are lying on : ( l ) the worry of security ( 2 ) the obstacle between commercial banks ( 3 ) the rule of law is ambiguity ( 4 ) the network station of the commercial banks is dropped behind

重慶市網上銀行存在的問題和影響是： （ 1 ）安全性憂慮：網民對網上交易安全性問題的擔憂一直處于各類問題之首； （ 2 ）跨行障礙：網上銀行不能跨行方便地劃轉資金； （ 3 ）法規不明； （ 4 ）網站建設嚴重落後。

The article intend to analysis the precess, character and motivion of development in traditional street space in which contain abundant cultural heritage. through investigation the writer should analysis the characte r, form and the relationship with each other, and furthermore find the pattern of the space in the fulture. what the most important is to summarize the spitits in traditional street space, such as activition, fuction, cultural elements, social customs and quatity of space. in order to put these elements to the exploit of new street space and find how these elements should be used, the writer regards some streets as the examples such as wenming street in kunming, xinhua street in lijiang jianshe rode in luxi. through research the writer find problems which exist in not only traditional but also in new street and express individual viewpoint about how to solve the problems. there are several ways to keep the new street exploition success. in the first place, we shoule know about all kinds of influences and synthesized elements. secondly mastering the mechanism of the development by oneself is indispensable. in the last place, it is necessory not to imitate some certain model which is plausible in other place. in the l ast of the article, the writer uses a new project to further illustrate the way to put the theory what have mentioned above into the practice

並從自然，社會，經濟及社會文化方面分析產生的根源，發展動力，其次通過實際調查，對現有傳統商住的物質形態要素進行分析，從商空間及住空間的基本特徵，型制入手，探索傳統商住街區的空間形態，結構組成，商與住空間關系，空間性質及空間如何相互轉化。以此來尋找傳統商住街區物質形態特徵，同時結合具體實例強調在傳統商住街區改造、新區的規劃設計中應當重視非物質要素內涵的提取、如活動者及社會結構、功能意義、空間品質、文化氣息，保持歷史傳統的延續性的必要性與可行性。在文章的後半部分，有針對性的對遺留下來的傳統商住街區-昆明文明街、麗江新華街、瀘西建設路的物質形態特徵和非物質形態特徵的分析，找出現存的問題，並針對問題發表個人的觀點，指出引導現代商住街區的開發與改造中，保持形態合理發展的正確途徑是了解影響形態發展與演變的各種因素及其綜合作用，把握好形態演交的內在機制，而不應刻意追求某種特定的模式。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

In this dissertation, we first state briefly the developmental history, the present condition of queueing theory, the markovization of queueing system and the research situation for several types of ergodicity, and induce the preliminary knowledge of markov processes and markov skeleton processes, and then the dissertation discusses mainly focus on several problems which exist in researching gi / g / l queueing system, which are categoried as follows : ( i ) non - equilibrium theory for gi / g / 1 queueing system ( l ) we present the equation which satisfies the transient distribution of l ( t ) for the three special cases m / m / 1, gi / m / 1 and m / g / 1 queue of gi / g / 1 queueing system, and proves that the length l ( t ) of gi / g / 1 queueing system satisfy three types of equation, and their minimal nonnegative solution are unique bounded solutions

歸納了馬爾可夫過程和馬爾可夫骨架過程的有關的初步知識。然後，本文重點討論了當前在gi g 1排隊系統中待研究的如下幾個問題： （一） gi g 1排隊系統的非平衡理論（ 1 ）給出gi g 1排隊系統及其三個特例m m 1 ， gi m 1和m g 1排隊系統的隊長l （ t ）的瞬時分佈所滿足的方程。證明gi g 1排隊系統的隊長l （ t ）滿足三種不同方程，並且是這些方程的最小非負解，也是唯一有界解。

This articles lists the four economic paradoxes that need to be resolved : ( l ) how to increase the expenditure of social welfare without any increase in taxes ; ( 2 ) how to balance industrial development and environmental protection ; ( 3 ) how to avoid " support the troubled financial institutions " and " moral hazard " in dealing with financial problems, and ( 4 ) how to reduce the worries caused by the cross - strait capital movement

本文列舉出四個亟待解開之經濟矛盾的結： （ 1 ）在不加稅的前提下，增加社會福利支出的困境； （ 2 ）追求產業發展與推動環保間的沖突； （ 3 ）金融問題中概括承受與道德風險的糾葛； （ 4 ）對兩岸資金流動的疑慮。

Using the global land three months monthly data ( prec / l ) created by chen et al ( 2001 ), ncep / ncar reanalyzed monthly mean wind data and global monthly sst grid data edited by british meteorological bureau, this paper investigates some problems of the climate change of global land rainfall for march - may during 1948 - 2001

用chen等（ 2001 ）最新創建的全球陸地月降水資料（ prec l ） 、美國ncep ncar再分析月平均風場資料和英國氣象局整編的全球逐月海溫格點資料，分析了1948 - 2001年全球陸地3 - 5月降水場的若干問題。

L ) the existence of local solutions in the part of the existence of local solutions, we investigate the intial boundary value problems for the more general quasilinear system : we consider the existence of local solutions of the system ( 2 ) when it may be a cross - diffusion system and u g ( g is a open subset of rn ). in order to use the results of h. amann [ 1 ] on local existence for quasilinear systems ( 2 ), we find that the results of h. amann on the corresponding linear system were not proved completely. especially for the case of cross - diffusion systems ( 2 )

1 ）局部解存在性在局部解存在性部分，我們研究的為更一般的擬線性耦合方程組的初邊值問題：我們研究了在u g （ g是使散度型方程組（ 2 ）中的系數矩陣a （ x ， u ）的特徵值實部大於零的區域）時散度型方程組（ 2 ）解的局部解存在性。在我們應用h . amann的局部解存在性理論時，我們發現h . amann的關于散度型方程組（ 2 ）局部解存在性理論的證明並不完整。

In chapter three, we consider the finite volume element mstheods for nonlinear hyperbolic problems on the basic of the chapter three, optimal order error estimates in the h1, l2norms and w1, almost optimal error estimates in l are also demonstrated

在第二章的基礎上也得到了h ~ 1 ， l _ 2和w ~ （ 1 ， ）誤差估計以及l _最優誤差估計和近似解和真解的廣義橢圓投影間的超收斂估計。

In chapter two, we consider the finite volume element methods for nonlinear parabolic problems optimal order error estimates in the h1, l2norms and w1, almost optimal error estimates in l are demonstrated. moreover superconvergence in the error between the approximate solution and the generalized elliptic projection of the exact solution is also shown

第二章考慮非線性拋物方程的初值問題的體積有限元法，並證明了h ~ 1 ， l _ 2和w ~ （ 1 ， ）誤差估計以及l _最優誤差估計，而且還得到了近似解和真解的廣義橢圓投影間的超收斂估計。

Details are as follows : l. approxiamation method is given for linear moment problems. numerical examples are given showing the practicality of the method

對于線性矩問題，給出了逼近方法，數值例子表明方法的有效性。

After the comparison of the stability checking computations and the section categorised situation both at home and abroad the current standard, some problems was discussed in the standard of our country. contraposed these questions, the paper computed the space stability coefficient of some general t - shaped and l - shaped sections and all the sections of t - shaped, l - shaped and 2 - angle iron t - shaped in the formed - steel - table, and worked out the curves. according to the comparison of the curves the paper got and the curve in the standard, some simple conclusions was put

對國內外現行規范軸壓柱穩定驗算方法及柱子曲線截面分類情況進行了對比，討論了我國規范曲線中存在的一些問題，並針對這些問題，以規范初始彎曲值對任意「 t 」形和「 l 」形截面和型鋼表中所有t型鋼、 l型鋼、雙角鋼t形鋼截面的空間穩定系數進行了計算，作出其與規范曲線的比較圖，通過計算結果的分析對各類截面歸類情況作了簡單的評述，其中提出的一些建議可以作為規范修訂的參考依據；同時，這些計算結果也進一步證明了本文的柱子空間穩定分析方法的正確性。