labor utilization 中文意思是什麼

Along with the wave of information and globalization, human being society has already stepped into the knowledge society. the knowledge society is based on the production, distribution and utilization of knowledge and information. in the new era, knowledge increasingly becomes important and to be the most sinificant resource successive to land, labor and capital, which desides the business competitive advantages. for this purpose, enterpris - es have to divert their attention to the resouce of knowledge to get advantages over others in competition in the knowledge economy. in the knowledge economy society, as the dynamic source of the enterprises " innvation, knowledge has become the most scarce resource. it is up to present knowledge storage of firm whether it can catch more opportunities and ways of resource allocation, which contributes to competitive advantages. therefore, the more and the newer knowledge is grasped and invented, the more competitive advantages can be seized. furthermore, enterprises have to maintain their sustainable capability of competition on the ground of assurance that enterprises can effectively manage the process of innovation, inspiration, disseverance and application of knowledge. thus, it is the focus of scholars in the knowledge economy to find the mechanism how knowledge plays its role in business, and to make in - depth researches on the way of knowledge development diversion, dissemination and the law of knowledge

因此，誰掌握了最新的知識，誰掌握了更多的知識，誰發明和創造了更新的知識，誰生產了包含更多知識的使用價值，誰就能在未來的競爭中取得優勢地位。進一步地，企業為實現持續競爭力，必須以知識的持續積累為條件，以對企業自身所擁有知識從發明、激活、擴散和應用整個過程的有效管理為根本保證。為此，把握知識在企業中發揮作用的微觀機理，對企業開發、轉移、擴散、利用知識的方式和知識管理規律進行深入研究，成為知識經濟時代學者們關注的熱門前沿。

Over - utilization of labor forces is defined in this paper as an employment state in which laborers in employment are utilized beyond the average labor time and intensity for a long period of time

摘要本文將過度勞動界定為「人力資源在較長時期的過度使用」 ，即就業者在較長時期處於一種超出社會平均勞動時間和強度的就業狀態。

Although economic and population specialists and scholars both in abroad and at home have made extreme progress on research the question of rural labor since they studied it very long ago, as far as china is concerned, based on the following three aspects, firstly, the national condition of our country determined that the foreign theory such as lewis theory might instruct us but we ca n ' t use these theories without rectification ; secondly, in china, our research about this question prefer the qualitative analysis to the quantitative analysis ; thirdly, the research on the labor utilization and shift in this specific area, that is, in the mountainous rural area which covers 69 % of our mainland and occupies 56 % of population is absolutely scarce in present ? to make up for the three deficiencies, this paper selects the econometrics analysis, uses investigation data and by virtue of tsp software, establishes a model where shift labor is the dependent variable and the citilization ratio, industrial structure, the income gap between city and country, the rural infrastructure construction, the labor ' s aptitude and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the variableso through economic, statistical and econometrical test, the conclusion is attained : the income gap between city and country and the citilization ratio are the two most important fectors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area -, the rural infrastructure construction and the labor ' s aptitude are the two relative important factors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area while the rural industrial structure and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the two least important factors according to this, this paper puts forward several suggestions that the income gap between city and country, citilization ratio, rural education, rural industrial structure and agricultural mechanization should be carefully treated with on studying the question of labor utilization and shift in mountainous rural area. finally, this paper points to several suspending problems about this research in order to get the concern of specialist and scholars

盡管國內外經濟和人口學方面的專家與學者很早就開始了對農村勞動力問題的研究並取得了極大的進展，但是，我國在研究農村勞動力問題時，基於三點：其一，我國國情決定了國外的理論例如劉易斯理論，雖然對研究我國的農村勞動力問題具有指導意義，但卻不能照搬這些理論；其二，從國內看，我國對該問題的研究重視定性分析而定量分析明顯不足；其三，缺乏對我國占國土面積69 、人口56的山區農村這一特殊區域內的勞動力開發利用及轉移的專門性研究。為了彌補這三個缺憾，論文採用經濟計量學的數量分析方法，利用實際調查資料，藉助tsp軟體，建立了以外出勞動力數量為被解釋變量，城市化率、農村產業結構、城鄉收入差距、農村社會基礎設施建設、農村勞動力素質以及人口自然增長率六個變量為解釋變量的模型，通過對該模型進行經濟學、統計學、經濟計量學三個方面的檢驗，得出如下結果：城鄉收入差距和城市化率是影響山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移的最重要的兩個因素；農村社會基礎設施建設和農村勞動力素質是較為重要的兩個影響因素；而農村產業結構和人口自然增長率相對來說是較不顯著的影響因素。據此，本文提出了在研究山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移問題時，應慎重對待城鄉收入差距、城市化水平、農村勞動力素質、農村產業結構、農業機械化五個問題。

And then, thesis explicates the reasons of the difference from five aspects including natural resource, area conditions, labor conditions, technical conditions and industry structure. furthermore, the thesis points out that the sustainable utilization of natural resource, the adjustment of labor structure, improvement of labor qualities, the employment of advanced science and technology and reasonable industry structure are critical to the improvement of rural economy ' s integral, power and comprehensive competition. at last, this thesis puts forwards a series of policies and countermeasures, such as accelerating urbanization of villages of villages to develop increasing pole, enchanting agricultural, industrialization to strengthen the industry foundation, improving the help and development policies to the poor to strengthen the district economic cooperation and the coordination effect by decreasing the limits of the poor, and so on, which can encourage each area display its advantage and supply what the other needs and make the rural economy coordinated and commonly flourishing

根據分析結果將11個市劃分為省內發達區域、中等發達區域和不發達區域三種類型，將138個縣（市）劃分為由高到低七個等級；對差異產生的原因從自然資源、區位條件、勞動力條件、技術條件、產業結構等五個方面進行了系統探討；並從更深層次上指出，土地等自然資源的可持續利用，勞動力構成優化、素質提高，先進科學技術的適用，產業結構的合理布局等對農村經濟的整體實力和綜合競爭力的提高起決定性的作用；最後，在河北省農村經濟協調發展的角度，提出了「因地制宜，揚長避短；優勢互補，共同發展」的指導思想和「鼓勵先進，鞭策后勁；區域聯動，全面協調」的基本原則，並進一步提出了加大小城建設? ?培養增長極，推進農業產業化經營? ?強化產業基礎，改善扶貧開發政策? ?降低后勁制約以及加強區域經濟聯合? ?增強協調效應等綜合措施。

The employment growth theoretically brought by the capital gains and economic growth is offset by the over - utilization of labor forces

資本盈利與經濟增長所應帶來的就業增長均被過度勞動所抵消，甚至在某些行業或領域還出現了就業負增長的情況。

The scc has the following advantages : remarkably reducing the noisy pollution and the worker s labor intensity in construction, deducing the rough surface or segregation because of missing - vibration or excessive - vibration in conventional construction, resolving the quality - defect problems resulting from lacking - vibration in the section of complex shapes and densely - packed reinforcement area. at the same time, large of industrial solid waste such as fly ash and blast furnace slag is utilized in the proportioning of scc. it is helpful in comprehensive utilization of resource and environment protection, so the scc belongs to " green concrete ", it is a branch of hpc which will be developed in the future

這種混凝土可以顯著降低混凝土施工中的噪音污染；大幅度減輕工人的勞動強度；減少傳統混凝土施工中因漏振或過振造成的麻面或離析；解決了配筋密集、結構復雜部位因振搗不足而造成的質量缺陷問題；同時，由於自密實混凝土在配製中，大量利用粉煤灰、高爐礦渣等工業固體廢棄物，有利於資源的綜合利用和生態環境的保護；從而被譽為「綠色混凝土」 ，是未來混凝土向高性能發展的方向之一。

Recently, zhaojibinhas stated that, “ in 2007 china railcom will mainly evaluate its various branches on their rate of return on capital, profit margin, labor productivity and utilization of equipments with the goal to ensure the value and increasing in value of national assets

近日，趙吉斌表示， 「中國鐵通2007年對各分公司的考核重點將突出資產收益率、收入利潤率、勞動生產率和設備利用率，下大力氣確保國有資產的保值、增值。 」

Without right information and right planning, delivery becomes time - consuming, the utilization of equipment and labor are limited, the manufacture flexibility of the enterprise is restricted, production cost become higher while the production cycle is getting longer, the pace of product generation is slower, together with the decreasing income, the enterprise ability of managing the change are weaken by the end

從而造成了企業庫存儲備高，物資供應不能保證，流動資金佔用大，交貨期長而不準，設備利用率和工時利用率低下，生產柔性差，生產成本高、周期長，生產效益差，產品更新換代慢，企業整體應變能力差等問題。

While applying fundamental theories in specific research on the change of china ' s farmland property rights system and the innovation thereon, the author analyzes the present household responsibility system, pointing out its objectively existing defects, such as the subject of the ownership is not clear, the ownership of the farmland is incomplete, the peasant household ' s contract rights is not stable, the farmland property rights is short of legal protection, etc. it is also accentuated in the thesis that these defects have harmful effects on utilization of farmland, management behavior, agricultural production as well as social economy. they are reflected in the following aspects : the oversmall scale and scattered management of farmland, the multiple - industrial and short - termed peasant household ' s management behavior, the slow shift of the surplus labor, etc

指出了其客觀存在的所有權主體不明、農地產權殘缺、農戶承包權不穩定、農地產權缺乏法制保護的缺陷，並說明了農地產權制度存在缺陷的情況下對農戶的土地使用、經營行為、農業生產乃至社會經濟發展所造成的不利影響，表現在：農地的超小規模分散經營、農產經營行為的兼業化、短期化、剩餘勞動力轉移緩慢等等；同時

In part one, the general of reclamation of arable land for reforestation : basing on resulting lots of data, author referred to many measures taken by america and china in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation and took the comparison, which concluded the following : china does not take the ways that the developed countries firstly destroyed before protection ; carrying out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation step and step is the important step which improves the reasonlesss utilization of land ; because of the weak economic base in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation of china and the low rate of labor, we should enlarge the content of science and technology, improve per yield of the remaining cultivated land and solve the self - sufficiency of grain, meanwhile the government should strengthen the transfer of remaining labor, adjust the industrial construction and lead the construction of small cities and towns ; the implement of reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not leave the support of the government ; we should carry out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation according to law ; the reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not be seen the effort in the short time, we should insist in a long time. which can have the result

本論文共分八個部分：第一部分退耕還林概況：筆者在查閱大量資料的基礎上，參閱美國與中國的退耕還林過程中所採取的各項措施並進行比較，得出了以下結論：中國不能重走發達國家先破壞后保護的道路；有計劃、有步驟地實施退耕還林是改善不合理土地利用現象的有力舉措；中國退耕還林經濟基礎較為薄弱，農業勞動生產率低，退耕還林后，必須加大科技含量，提高剩餘耕地的單產，解決糧食自給問題，同時，政府應加強剩餘勞動力轉移，產業結構調整及小城鎮建設的引導；退耕還林的實施仍離不開政府的扶持；依法退耕還林；退耕還林不是在短期內能見到效果的，長期堅持必有成效。該部分最後論述了目前國內退耕還林工程政策、管理方面的現狀及其存在哪些問題尚待改進或繼續深入研究，並需要進一步完善。第二部分退耕還林背景分析：針對我國目前生態環境建設中的退耕還林工程，就其產生的根源從社會經濟背景、生態環境背景及西部大開發三個角度進行了全面、系統的分析。

Based on the reality of zhangye oasis water resources utilization, and supported by the environmental economics theory, this paper is to research and analyze the agriculture water utilization in the oasis, including sunan, minle, shandan, zhangye, linze, gaotai sincel970s. to analyze the economic benefit of the unit provision output effected by the labor - flooding water volumes based on both the real collected data and the statistical data provided by the stat. dept in the past years ; the checking standard for output benefit is the unit provision out put the input parameters are water, fertilizer, power - supply and the cone - erned factors occurred during the agriculture production

經過大量的實地考察，對甘肅的武威、張掖和酒泉三大綠洲的自然、經濟情況，尤其是農業生產情況和用水情況進行了深入的調查和研究，在獲取實際資料的基礎上，結合統計部門提供的歷年統計數據，以糧食單產為產出效益衡量標準，以農業生產涉及的灌溉水量、天然降水量、化肥農藥施用量、農業生產用電量、農業機械總動力以及自然災害情況等各相關因子為投入參數，利用sas 、 spss等統計分析軟體對數據進行處理和分析，分別採用實物量指標和價值量指標，分析人工灌溉水量這一投入要素，對糧食單產這一產出的總效益、邊際效益和平均效益。

The next question addresses production planning which includes activities such as : reviewing customer orders / schedules / releases ; matching customer orders with your plant ' s capacity to produce products to fulfill customer orders ( material requirements, labor, machine capacity and utilization, finished goods and work in progress inventory )

下一個問題是關于生產計劃，包括檢查客戶訂單/排程/發貨，使客戶訂單與工廠生產能力相匹配以履行客戶訂單（原料需求、勞力、機器產能、成品和半成品）等一系列活動。

Establishment or utilization of labor dispute investigation or arbitration agencies

四關于勞資糾紛調解機關或仲裁機關之設立或利用。

Therefore, the study on the land intensive utilization of the resource - typed cities is necessary no matter in the views of the protection of land resource, the perfection of land science, the development of the city or the sound collocation of the urban land. the land intensive utilization is brought forward by germany economist j. h. thunen, the sutra theory of land rational intensity, then continued by british economist, a. marshall, the law of land diminishing return, and developed by the current studies on the urban land intensive use, it has been classified into four types : capital intensive - typed, labor intensive - typed, technology intensive - typed and ecology intensive - typed

根據綜合指標，得出葫蘆島市土地利用為中度粗放利用，其城市用地結構、利用空間和利用強度配置不合理，土地利用經濟效益較差，城市可持續發展有待于進一步提高，城市土地集約利用潛力很大;而盤錦市和阜新市城市土地利用為一般集約利用，其城市用地結構、利用空間和利用強度配置較不合理，土地利用產出一般，城市可持續發展受到一定破壞，城市土地社會問題顯著，土地集約利用潛力較大。

In total, the chart microbulk system increases asset utilization, reduces labor costs and maximizes distribution efficiencies

運輸系統最大可能的增加收益，降低人工成本，並使液體充裝效率達到最大化。

The main orientations of agricultural technology are to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural resource such as farmland and water, utilize the labor force resource reasonably, increase the farmer ' s income, work hard on improving the agricultural ecology environment and so on

農業技術取向主要是提高耕地、水等農業資源的利用效率、合理利用勞動力資源，增加農民收入、努力改善農業生態環境等。

A hedgerow system of shrubs and herbs could reduce input labor energy, decreasing input energy and input energy consumption greatly and resulting in increased efficiency of input labor energy utilization and biomass and energy output / input ratio of the main crops

2 ） 「作物果樹類植物籬」系統輸入能總量和有機能輸入量大幅度增加，因此有利於優化輸入能結構，促進坡地生態系統良性循環和集約高效農業發展。

In addition to their use in performing the traditional functions of accounting and payroll calculations, computerized information systems are now being used to maintain easily accessible employee data that are valuable in job placement and labor utilization

除了在履行傳統的會計和工資計算職能上利用它們之外，計算機化的信息系統被用於保管輕松可取的員工數據，這些數據對工作安排和勞動力使用是頗具價值的。