literature reference 中文意思是什麼
literature reference
解釋
文獻來源- literature : n. 1. 文學，文學作品。2. 文獻。3. 文學研究；著作業，著作。4. 〈口語〉（廣告、宣傳用的）印刷品。5. （為樂器演奏用的）一組樂曲。6. 〈古語〉學識，學問。
- reference : n 1 （對委員、審查人等的）委託；委託項目[范圍]。2 說到，論到，提到。3 參考；參考書；附註，引證；...
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Based on the experience of native or foreign country, integrating the fact of local area and teaching experience of the experimental schools, the author began researching in the autumn in 2002 with the researching methods such as the participant observation, literature analysis, questionnaire survey, deep - seated interview etc. through the researching of this task, the author strives hard to provide the reference teaching material for the practical teachers and make greater progress of science curriculum
為此，筆者借鑒國內外經驗，結合本地區的實際和實驗學校一年多的教學經驗，運用課堂觀察、文獻分析、問卷調查及深度訪談等研究方法，在2002年秋季開始以理論與實踐為主線開展本課題的研究。力求通過本課題的研究，為一線教師提供一些可以借鑒的教學資源，促進《科學》課程的進一步發展。 -
Also, joint publishing has published different kind of language reference books, as well as various works in areas such as humanity sciences, natural sciences, literature, arts and books for youth readers
出版覆蓋面廣，圖書種類全，除了哲學社會科學類圖書以外，還包括文學藝術科學普及醫療保健語言學習青少年讀物等圖書。 -
This paper introduces several famous foreign intelligence agencies on internet through the factors such as the characteristics of literature deliver, collection, instance, periods, objects and fees of service, so as to suggest reference and help for literature deliver service
本文主要從文獻傳遞的特點、文獻收藏、服務情況、服務周期、服務對象和服務費用等方面對國外幾家較著名的網上文獻情報機構進行介紹，以期對我們的文獻傳遞服務工作提供幫助和參考。 -
Following the principles " making foreign things serve china " and " using the history for reference ", this dissertation takes the theory of systematic science and organization as the basic methodology, and " ethnic ( quality ) - tested ( quantity ) - ethnic ( case study ) " as the research way. through literature research, theoretic analysis, case study and other ways of studies, the contents subsystem, organization subsystem and decision - making subsystem of sprcdhe, as well as the relation between each other, are systematically discussed. finally, the theoretic model of sprcdhe is constructed
本研究貫徹「以史為鑒」 、 「洋為中用」的原則，以系統科學和組織理論為構建體系的方法論基礎，採用「質的?驗證性的?質的（案例調查） 」的研究線路，通過文獻調查、理論分析、實證研究等多種研究途徑，對中國遠程高等教育政策法規體系的內容結構子體系、組織子體系和決策子體系、以及它們之間的相互關系進行了較為系統的探討，最後構建了中國遠程高等教育政策法規體系的理論模式。 -
According to the literature in the world, now the research of lab6 is not mostly concentrated in field emission but hot emission. preparation of lab6 field emitting cold cathode is correlative with it ’ s physical and chemical characteristic. now, there are little literature that can be used for reference
人們已經對六硼化鑭材料的性能做了大量研究工作，但據目前所見到的國內外文獻所知，對六硼化鑭陰極的研究多集中在它的熱發射方面，對于以此種材料場發射冷陰極方面的研究較少。 -
At the crossing of the 21th century, the three famous authors in the contemporary literature field all selected the un - normal perspective narrate, the block - head young master in the a - lai ' s novel of " the dust falling to the ground ", the madman in jia - pingwa ' s novel of " shanxi opera ", the moving soul in the shi - tiesheng ' s novel of " the journey of my dingyi ", selecting the perspective inherited luxun ' s tradition in " the diary of the madman ", it is a reference from the west and latin america ' s modern expression skill, it is making great efforts when they face the dilemma under the new situation
摘要世紀之交，當代文壇頗具影響力的三位作家不謀而合地選擇了非常態視角敘事，阿來《塵埃落定》中的傻子少爺，賈平凹《秦腔》中的瘋子引生，史鐵生《我的丁一之旅》中的行魂，這一敘事視角的選取既是對源自魯迅《狂人日記》中「狂人」傳統的承續，也是對西方、拉美等文學現代表現技巧的借鑒，更是新的歷史條件下敘述面臨困境時的創新努力。 -
By using the method of documentary statistics, this paper researches the relationship between the books of literary awards of pulitzer prize and presses, so as to lay out the nuclear presses which publish literature and art books in america, to provide the reference information for librarians to make a decision on foreign language book acquisition
論文使用文獻統計分析法，分析了普利策獎獲獎文藝圖書與出版社的關系，旨在把美國文藝類圖書的核心出版社展示給圖書館員，為外文圖書采選決策提供參考信息。 -
With reference to the legislation in different countries and related literature, and in consideration of the situation on both sides of the strait, this paper suggested that the organization model of cpa firms should be an open case ; i. e., to allow cpas to choose from among partnership, partnership with limited liabilities ( llp ), and cpa corporation according to their needs
本文經就世界不同國家的立法例和相關文獻，並斟酌兩岸情勢，提出應全面開放注冊會計師組織型態為原則，諸如合夥型、有限責任合夥制、會計法人制，任由注冊會計師根據自己之需要選擇合適的。 -
This article analysised tennis energy metabolism, enginery state and nutritional supplement through the angle of biochemistry with the literature review, by which offering reference for tennis training, teaching and body - building
摘要應用文獻綜述的方法，從生物化學的角度分析了網球運動的能量代謝特點、機能狀態的判斷以及營養補充，為科學地進行網球運動訓練、教學、健身提供參考依據。 -
Based on literature, applications of electrochemical analysis methods, including coulometry, polarography and high performance capillary electrophoresis, in the determination of flavoniods are described to offer reference to the research, development and application of flavonoid compounds
摘要在查閱文獻的基礎上，介紹了黃酮含量的電化學測定方法，包括庫侖滴定法、極譜法、高效毛細管電泳等，旨在為黃酮類化合物的研究、開發、應用提供參考。 -
Features links to biographies, literature, poetry, and foreign classics. includes alphabetical index of authors, as well as dictionaries and other reference works
-提供兒童版館藏目錄查詢兒童電子圖畫書，以及歷年好書大家讀最佳少年兒童讀物資料。 -
One side of its compiling, the authors provide true evidences to ensure accuracy and reliability as every reference book does ; the other side, the authors just look annals as a visual angle and means of literature studies, exploit its preponderance to reconstruct knowledge of literature history
在編寫過程中，一方面遵循工具書準確、可靠的特點，保證編年的內容有據可查；另一方面，將編年史視作文學史研究的一種視角和方法，發揮其在文學研究方面的優勢，重建對于文學史的認識。 -
Adopting literature survey, this paper evaluates and analyses the scientific research tasks, research methods and research qualities of the theses written by the postgraduate students majoring in sports physiology and sports medicine of 12 p. e. universities and institutes to provide reference for the training of graduates in the future
摘要採用文獻資料法，對北京體育大學等12所有代表性的體育院校的運動人體科學學院（系）運動醫學專業的碩士研究生近十多年的科研選題方向、所用研究方法和手段，以及科研完成的質量，進行了統計與分析，旨在為今後的碩士研究生培養提供參考建議。 -
The speed sensorless techniques for dtc system are very fascinating and challenging subjects recently, they are received wide attention in the literature. some brief description is provided. the proposed approaches are based on speed model of dtc, motor reference adaptive control, the instantaneous reactive power of motor and the extended kalman filter
無速度傳感器調速系統是直接轉矩控制研究領域內一個非常熱門的研究方向，本文介紹了無速度傳感技術的發展歷史及目前的研究狀況，分別利用直接轉矩控制的轉速模型方法，模型參考自適應方法、電機定子反電動勢以及擴展的卡爾曼濾波器等方法設計了無速度傳感器系統，對于其數學模型和系統構成作了比較詳細的推導。 -
Abstract : based on consulting patent literature and other literature, this paper reviewed and summarized the techniques on the hollow ingot, providing reference for the related personnel
文摘:本文在查閱專利文獻和其它相關文獻的基礎上，對空心鋼錠的生產技術作了回顧和總結，供有關人員參考。 -
First it analyze the existing information hiding techniques. with the reference to the literature read, it gives a brief statement on the advantage and disadvantage of each hiding technique, from airspace technique to transform - space technique, from dct to dwt, followed by the statement of sameness and difference between the two main branches ? ? steganography and watermarking
首先對國內外已有的隱藏技術、隱藏策略作了較為詳盡的分析，從空域技術到變換域技術，從dct變換到dwt變換，結合所閱讀到的文獻，對各隱藏策略的特點及優缺點進行了簡要的總結。 -
A detailed literature review of physiological effects of light on laying hens was undertaken, with reference on the effects of light intensity, photoperiod and light color on the ontogenetic, survive, feeding, growth, reproduce abilities, in order to provide some information for research work and application in this field in the future
摘要本文綜述了光照對蛋雞生理學特徵影響的研究進展，主要涉及光照周期、光照強度和光色對蛋雞個體生長發育、存活、攝食、生長、繁殖等方面的研究進展，以期為我國進行該領域的研究和指導養殖實踐提供一定的參考。 -
To be more specific, i do not need to pay more attention to how to write reference, how to use spss, how to do critical reading and thinking, how to do literature review and how to avoid plagiarism, which are essentials to obtain success on study
再具體一些來說，我不需要特別關注如何寫參照，怎樣使用spss軟體，怎樣做批判性閱讀和思考，怎樣避免抄襲等，這些技能是你想在學習上取得成功所需的最基本的技能。 -
The recent pharmaceutical studies on intravenous fat emulsions were summarized by collecting and analyzing the related literature at home and abroad in order to give reference to the research on intravenous fat emulsion preparation
摘要通過查閱國內外相關文獻，對近幾年靜脈注射脂肪乳制劑學方面的研究進行分析綜合，為靜脈注射脂肪乳的工藝研究提供參考。 -
Based on such methods as literature reference, questionaire, group talks, interviews, and classroom observation and looking into the belief, narrating ways, techniques to narrate the maths course target of the mcc, the thesis studies maths teachers " feeling and evaluation for mcc and students " feeling and evaluation for the mathematics coursebook edited according to the mcc
本文採用比較法、文獻法、問卷法、座談法、訪談法、課堂觀摩等方法。在研究全日制義務教育《數學課程標準》 （以下簡稱《標準》 ）的理念、內容性質、陳述方式、目標陳述技術的基礎上，跟蹤研究數學教師對《標準》的感受與評價；教師、學生對《數學》教科書的感受與評價。
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