loan expenditure 中文意思是什麼
loan expenditure
解釋
公債支出- loan : n 1 出借，借出，貸。2 借出物；資金；公債，貸款。3 外來語（＝ loanword）；外來風俗習慣。vt vi 〈美...
- expenditure : n. 1. （時間、勞力、金錢等的）支出，花費。2. 消費；開銷；費用，經費。3. 支出額，消費額。
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It is far simpler to evaluate public projects undertaken through a bank loan than through a direct public expenditure grant.
評價以銀行貸款所進行的公共項目，要比評價通過直接公共支出拔款進行的公共項目簡單得多。 -
To idiographic institution, the main causes of the debts forming are as follow : the finance rights and affair rights are digit in the process of the finance and tax system, the finance rights are up collecting, and the affairs rights are down moving, the finance gap formed in the process of the finance and tax system, the comparative economic shrink in the anaphase country reform, the finance ingathering became fewer : the political and the administration system reform is disjoint to the economic system reform, the village and town government financial action is lost echo obligation, the expenditure break through the budget, and so on, otherwise, the country financial system reform is lag, the invests are becoming bad for the country government intervention to economic field, the country government action is short of efficient criterion, cut down the centre transferring geld to the farmers and delay to carry out the legal payment ; the effective supervision to the loan is short of about national to the non - financial machine, and so on, so the debts form at last
但從根本講，還是制度的原因，是國家通過制度的安排來對利益進行重新分配，導致鄉鎮政府財政收入短缺，產生債務需求，最終形成債務。從具體的制度上看，主要有:財稅體制改革中的財權與事權的錯位，財權向上集中、事權不斷下移;農村稅費改革產生財政缺口;農村改革後期出現的經濟相對萎縮，財政收入減少;政治制度和行政管理制度改革與經濟改革脫節，鄉鎮政府財政行為失去應有的約束，導致開支突破預算等等，產生債務需求。另外，農村金融體制改革的滯后;鄉鎮政府對經濟領域的高度介入，出現經濟投資虧損;政府行為缺乏有效規范，截留老百姓的轉移支付款項、拖延履行法定支付義務;國家對非金融機構借貸行為缺乏有效監管等等，產生債務供給。 -
Expenditure charged to capital works reserve fund including interest on government bonds, capital investment fund, disaster relief fund, loan fund, innovation and technology fund and lotteries fund, but excluding transfers from the funds
包括政府債券利息資本投資基金賑災基金貸款基金創新及科技基金和獎券基金各帳目的開支，但不包括從各基金撥回的款項。
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