low-income level 中文意思是什麼
low-income level
解釋
低收入的水準-
It can meet people ' s deep level mental demand. currently, the living of the urban vulnerable groups is located in a state, that is, low income, few earning, increasing deep relatively - poverty, high n modulus, inanition, basic plump, simple low - level cloth, strain family - relation, big family - burden
當前，城市弱勢群體生活狀態處于收入水平低，來源少，相對貧困程度日益加深；恩格爾系數高，營養不足，基本肚飽，衣著簡樸，檔次偏低；家庭關系緊張，家庭負擔系數大的狀況。 -
But looked from the deep level, on the one hand, with the enhancement of inhabitants ’ s income, the consumer sovereignty demand surges upward day after day, the social request which enjoyed a better product and the service at the low cost had been caused ; on the other hand, as a result of resources scarce, the sustainable development of economy development must take the efficiency as the guidance, it ’ s conform to efficient requirement that took the private department as the industrial main body, and integrated the marketization arrangement of competitive system
但從深層次上看，一方面，隨著居民收入的提高，消費者主權的訴求日漸高漲，產生了用更低成本享受更好的產品和服務的社會要求;另一方面，由於資源的稀缺性，持續的經濟發展就必須以效率為導向，以私人部門作為產業主體，結合競爭機制的市場制度安排是符合效率性要求的。 -
In accordance with previous research, the reasons for increase of chinese export food to japan focus on lack in manufacturing, advantage of low - price and average per capita income level, mainly conduced by the shortage of agricultural labor
根據以往研究（陳）中國對日食品出口增加的原因主要有農業勞動力不足所導致的日本國內生產不足、低價格優勢、日本人均收入水平等因素。 -
However, excessive tax competition may weaken the effectiveness of the tax incentives, hence incuring welfare loss ; ( ii ) in a non - cooperation tax competition equilibrium, it turns out that tax rates are set too low to fiance an efficient level of public expenditure, especially lowers the provision of the public goods benefiting residents ; ( iii ) competition for capital means the revenue from capital income taxation declines. in order to maintain the necessary public expenditure, the government would shift tax burden towards the more immobile labor, which may arouse the inequity issues on redistribution. chapter 3 : " the strategy of international tax competition and optimal capital taxation.
但過度的稅收競爭反而會減弱稅收激勵政策的有效性，降低一國福利水平；其二，在非合作均衡狀態下，國際稅收競爭使所有國家的資本課稅都維持在缺乏效率的低稅率狀態，從而不能獲取足夠的財政收入，導致公共產品提供不足；其三，旨在吸引資本流入的稅收競爭，普遍降低了對資本所得的課稅，但政府為了獲取足夠的財政收入以維持正常的支出，會將本來由資本承擔的一部分稅負轉移到流動性較弱的勞動力身上。 -
For example, the administratively monopolized access regulation that caused the upper section ( railway network operation ) and lower section ( the transportation businesses ) integrated ; the relatively closed investment mechanism that at first mainly depended on government allocation, then mainly relied on railway ' s building fund ; the price regulation that controls the right of price setting strictly and keeps a low price level for a long time ; the income distribution regulation that with its income and expense carried out in two separate ways ; finally, the regulation framework that with the roles wrongly arranged and with inadequate supervision and lagged legislation
由此可以看出，我國鐵路規制體制的計劃經濟痕跡非常明顯：在進入上，實行「上下一體」的行政性壟斷；在投資上，實行先以國家為主而後以鐵路建設基金為主的相對封閉的投資體制；在運價上，國家嚴格控制定價權，並長期以來保持低價位；在收益分配上，實行收支兩條線的清算制度；最後，在規制的組織架構方面，不僅角色錯位，而且缺乏監督，立法滯后。 -
The main reasons of china ' s low household consumption rate for a long time are that : the too - high rate of investment directly leads to the low final consumption rate and extends to the low household consumption rate ; the overall low level of residents " income obstacles the final consumption expenditure and income - gap influence the consumption ratio ; the instabilities of the income anticipation is becoming stronger and the expenditure anticipation is increasing
我國居民消費率長期偏低的主要原因有：投資率過高直接導致最終消費率偏低，從而使居民消費率偏低；居民整體收入水平不高，收入差距過大影響居民消費傾向；收入預期的不確定性增強，支出預期的增加，商品的供給結構不合理，消費環境中還存在諸多問題等。 -
Statistically, it makes a quantitive analysis on the evolvement of the country economic structure in xi ' an city, the economic benefit of the changes in industry structure, the effect on labor resource collacation in industry structure and the effect of the increasing income of countrymen in industry structure changes, which discloses a rule of the industry structure evolvement in country. the putting forward of the non - agriculture industry in country, especially the rapid increase in country industry will promote the rise of the country industry level for a long term. the country industry structure influences a lot the increase of the farmer ' s income which is also affected by agriculture structure and planting structure, but less. the non - agriculture industry plays a main role in the increase of farmer ' s income. for the low level of the townlization and industrialization, developing industry, construction and commercial in country is very feasible to resolve the problem of spare labors in country. it is strengthening labors transferring and reducing the modulus of labor over the infield that farmers income could be kept increasing. after a theoretical analysis and twenty years practise in the regulation of country economy structure after the reform and opening policy in xi ' an, a new thought of regulating country economy structure in xi ' an is put forward that a strategic regulation must be taken in country economy structure and the agriculture structure must be optimized. moreover, an expanding agriculture must be developed and transfer the spare labors in country effectively. so the government function during the regulation of country economy structure is transferred to : the first one, making the stress policy in the regulation of country industry structure. 2ndly, strengthening the force in regulating country industry structure ; 3rdly, making a plan on the regulation of country industry structure ; 4th promoting the optimizition and upgree of industry relying on sci - tech progress ; 5th enhancing the townlization and optimizing the country industry structure ; last one, improving the quality of labors in full scale
本文在概述經濟結構理論的基礎上，第一次系統地研究了西安市農村經濟結構調整，用數據統計的方法，定量、定性地分析了西安市農村經濟結構演變的軌跡，分析了產業結構變動的經濟效益、產業結構勞動力資源配置效應、產業結構變動的農民收入增長效應，揭示了農村產業結構演變的規律。提出農村非農產業，尤其是高速增長的農村工業，對促進農村產業水平的提升起著長?推動力的作用；農民收入增長直接受農村產業結構的影響最大，農業產業結構、種植業結構對農民收入有影響，但作用不可高估；非農產業是農民增收的主要支撐力量，解決農村余勞動力在城鎮化、工業化水平不高的情況下，切實可行的選擇是在農村發展工業、建築業、商飲業等非農產業；農民收入要保持快速增長態勢必須加大農村勞動力轉移力度，減少耕地承載勞動力的系數。通過理論分析，結合西安市改革開放后20多年的農村產業結構調整的實踐，提出了西安市農村產業結構調整的發展思路及目標、原則，明確指出了政府在農村經濟結構調整過程中的職能轉變的重要方面：一是制定農村產業結構調整的傾斜政策，二是加大對農村產業調整的投入力度，三是制定產業結構調整的規劃，四是依靠科技進步促進產業優化和升級，五是加快城鎮化過程，優化農村產業結構。 -
Then, the main factors that have resulted in the low level of the mechanization have been analyzed : the working scale of the soil, the rate of agricultural labor force transferring to other fields, farmer ' s low income, the backwardness of agricultural electrization, farmer ' s overall culture level and the weakness of expanding force
在此基礎上對導致我國農機化發展水平較低的主要因素進行了分析，認為農村土地經營規模、農業勞動力向非農業轉移速度、農民收入水平低、農業電氣化滯后、農民總體科技文化水平低和農機推廣力量薄弱是影響我國農機化發展的重要因素。 -
The results show : 1 ) the swb of the vulnerable women group in shanghai is at a relatively low level in whole, and the attention should be attached to their mental health ; and 2 ) there exists a significantly negative relationship between the neuroticism ( epq - n ) and swb, whereas the extroversion ( epq - e ) and self - esteem are positively related to swb. meanwhile, different personality traits have different effect on distinguished aspects of swb. among the objective factors, family income and self - reported health make the most powerful predictors of the affect state and life satisfaction
（ 2 ）弱勢婦女的主觀幸福感受到人格及某些客觀因素的影響：人格特質中的神經質與主觀幸福感負相關，外向性和自尊則與主觀幸福感正相關，並且不同的人格特質對主觀幸福感的不同側面影響力不同；客觀因素中，家庭收入和健康自評對其情感和生活滿意度均影響最大，婚姻質量、醫療負擔、社會支持、負性生活事件、為子女操心、就業情況、婚姻狀況及職業等因素都對她們主觀幸福感的不同方面有不同程度的顯著影響。 -
As the big agriculture province and the country ' s main commodity grain base, jilin province has many problems in agriculture and rural economy as following : there are severe contradictions in rural industrial structure and fanner income structure ; the supply of grains and rural labor exceeds the demand ; the development of farm product processing industry and the county economy are relatively slow ; the level of urbanization and financial income are low
吉林省作為農業大省，國家重要的商品糧基地，農業和農村經濟面臨著以下幾大問題：糧食主產區產業結構和農民收入結構「兩個不優」並存；糧食供給與農村勞動力供給「兩個過剩」並存；農產品加工業發展滯后，全省糧食主產區縣域經濟缺乏活力，財政困難，城市化水平低。 -
If a developing country spends too much money on too many social welfare programmes, that will damage the whole process of growth and it will stop the creation of jobs, and that will mean low - income people cannot get the opportunity to improve their income level
如果一個發展中國家在社會福利上投入太多，勢必會影響代整體發展進程和減少就業機會產生，並且這將使得低收入人群無法得到提升收入水平的機會。 -
It is forecast that chinese economy will keep its growing tends in 2006, but it will be affected by favorable balance of international trade, overproduction and farmers ' low income, therefore its growth speed will slow down from 9 % and the general price level will go down either
預計2006年，中國經濟在保持增長趨勢的前提下，將受到貿易順差、產能過剩、農民增收難度加大等不利因素的影響，經濟增長速度將會從9 %以上的高位上滑落下來，價格總水平也將降低。 -
The main conclusion is that ( 1 ) china ' s acm is incomplete, therefore, the market equilibrium is in low level ; ( 2 ) the operating scale, the income and property, the product investment, the cash expenditure of education and medical treatment are the main factors that affect the credit demand of households in rural china ; ( 3 ) the asymmetry information, the high transaction cost and the lack of effective supply institutes are the main factors that lead to low efficiency of china ' s acm ; and ( 4 ) the agricultural credit has the positive effect on china ' s agricultural production factors demand and agricultural output, consequently, the agricultural credit is the main factor that restrain the increase of agricultural output and agricultural development
本文的基本結論是：中國農業信貸市場正處在發育的初級階段，市場機制仍不完善，農業信貸市場處于「低水平均衡」狀態；農戶是中國農業信貸需求的主體，農戶經營規模、農戶收入和財產狀況、農戶生產投資規模以及教育、醫療等大額現金支出是影響農戶借貸需求的主要因素；非對稱信息、高交易成本、有效供給制度缺乏是造成農業信貸市場低效率的重要因素；中國農業信貸投入對農業投入要素的需求具有正向影響，即增加農業信貸供給，將會提高農業投入要素的需求水平，進而增加中國農業產出，促進農業長期發展。 -
In the past twenty years, the life insurance industry in our country has experienced rapid growth in insurance income. but for the low managerial level and managerial technique, some problems have arisen. one big problem is that the insurance companies have liquidation crisis
過去二十年我國壽險行業在經歷了保費收入快速增長后，由於管理水平和管理技術落後，一些問題開始顯現，突出表現在壽險公司普遍存在償付能力危機。 -
The present - day urban food consumption level in china as a low - income country has gone beyond the practical limit. this was caused by lack of domestic investment channels and the fact that people spend a greater proportion of their incomes on food
中國作為低收入國家，達到目前城市的食物消費水平已具有超前性，這是由於家庭投資渠道單一，購買力相對集中在食物消費領域所致。 -
The hkma will continue to keep a close eye on the situation, since the income level of taxi operators is likely to remain low in the current economic conditions
鑒于在當前的經濟環境下的士商入息水平可能維持偏低，金管局將會繼續密切注視這方面的情況。 -
While in developing countries, poverty is mainly featured by absolute poverty. the factors can be found in their geography, history, society, politics and the negative aspects of their cultures. but as far as its nature is concerned, the low level productivity and unfair distribution of income are the main causes
而發展中國家的貧困則主要表現為絕對貧困，致貧因素綜合地表現為自然、歷史、社會、政治以及傳統文化的劣質性等多重因素，但就其實質而言，則是由於生產力發展水平低下和收入分配不公，反貧困目標更多地瞄準貧困地區。 -
Among obstructive sub - factors about farmer, what the agricultural comparative benefits is lower plays the greatest role, followed successively by what farmer ' s educational level is low, what farmer " income is low, what agricultural creative scale is little, what agricultural insurance is n ' t perfect, what farmer has n ' t enough information, what the quality of agricultural sci - tech achievements is poor, what farmer " thought is old fashioned, what farmer would n ' t afford the agricultural sci - tech achievements
2 、農民方面的子障礙因子，按影響程度由大到小依次排序為：農業比較利益偏低農民科技文化素質低農民收入偏低農業生產規模小農業科技保險工作不完善農民信息不靈存在一些假冒偽劣農技成果農民思想保守農民不願有償使用農業科技成果。 -
There are some problems that need prompt solution in budding the well - off society in an all - around way, for instance, raising household income level, especially that of low - income classes, reforming irrational consumption policy and stimulating new consumption modes, speeding the development of the tertiary industry and developing service consumption, and developing cultural and educational consumption and improving the quality of people, etc
摘要在全面建設小康社會的過程中存在一些亟待解決的問題，如提高居民的收入水平，特別是低收入階層收入水平的問題；改革不合理消費政策，激發新的消費主式的問題；加快發展第三產業，發展服務消費的問題：發展方化教育消費，提高人的素質的問題等。 -
The author holds that the central bank should implement mixed monetary policies to cooperate with other macro policies, and in particular, raise the income level of low - income people and increase investment in social security so as to better control liquidity
在此基礎上，探析諸多因素影響下上調存款準備金率的預期效應，繼而認為：央行必須實施多種貨幣政策的組合，配合其他部門的各種宏觀政策，尤其應該提高低收入群體的收入水平，加大對社會保障部門的投入才能更好地控制資金的流動性。
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