lowest temperature 中文意思是什麼

With 24 c or 4 c, the change trends of the content of the salidroside was basically consentaneous in the consecutive cultural eras of the callus. in the callus from the different explants, the influence was maximal to the the activity of pal enzyme and the influence was lowest to the the activity of ca4h enzyme, and the influence to the the activity of tal enzyme was ascertained according to the explant of the callus. so in the same explant with the different temperature or in the different explant with the same temperature, there was no incident between the content of the salidroside and the activity of enzymes pal, ca4h and tal, and we presumed that there may be emphasized particularly on different metabolic pathway of salidroside

（ 2 ） 、愈傷組織的外植體來源、培養溫度條件和不同的繼代培養數都影響著其中紅景天甙的含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ pal ） 、肉桂酸解氨酶（ ca4h ）和酪氨酸解氨酶（ tal ）這3種酶的活性；不管是葉來源還是莖來源，不管是24培養還是4培養的愈傷組織，在連續繼代培養中紅景天甙含量的變化趨勢基本上是一致的；無論是葉來源的愈傷組織還是莖來源的愈傷組織，培養溫度對pal酶的酶活性影響最大，對ca4h酶的酶活性影響最小，對tal酶的酶活性影響視不同的外植體來源而定；在相同外植體來源的愈傷組織中及不同的培養溫度的條件下，或是在不同外植體來源的愈傷組織中及相同溫度的培養條件下，其紅景天甙含量與pal酶、 ca4h酶和tal酶的酶活性之間沒有完全一致的對應伴隨關系。

By investigation on the relationship between period, quantity, extend of ostrinia furnacalis emergence and meteorological factors in qiqihaer, this paper analyzes the factors which effect on period, quantity, extend of ostrinia furnacalis about annual wave. the beginning time of ostrinia furnacalis pupae emergence depends on average temperature in may and june, weather conditions in july decide whether ostrinia furnacalis pupae finish ahead of time ; the beginning time of eclosion is decided by average lowest temperature and precipitation in may and june, and the end time of eclosion is decided by average lowest temperature in june and july, meantime, the length of time of ostrinia furnacalis eclosion and time of grub emergence influence on the extent of ostrinia furnacalis. an important condition of a great emergence of ostrinia furnacalis is that how temperature matchs humidity, which substantially result in reduction of maize output

本研究項目通過對齊齊哈爾市玉米螟發生期、發生量、發生程度與氣象條件關系的分析，找出玉米螟發生期、發生量、發生程度年際波動的影響因子： 5 、 6月的平均氣溫決定了玉米螟化蛹開始的早晚， 7月的天氣條件決定玉米螟化蛹是否提前結束； 5 、 6月的平均最低氣溫和降水則決定羽化開始的早晚， 6 、 7月的平均最低氣溫又決定了玉米螟羽化結束的早晚；而玉米螟羽化持續時間的長短和幼蟲發生的早晚影響了玉米螟的發生程度；溫濕條件配合適當與否是促使玉米螟大發生的重要條件，玉米螟大發生又會引起玉米的大幅度減產。

Floc point the lowest temperature at which vapors rising a sample will ignite momentarily on application of a flame under specified conditions

在規定條件下，油品加熱后所逸出的蒸氣與火焰接觸發生瞬間閃火時的最低溫度。

Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Lowest environmental temperature : - 60 for fixed laying, - 20 for unfixed laying

最低環境溫度：固定敷設- 60非固定敷設- 20

In this experiment, adjusting the throttle to the specific position, and letting engine rotary speed change from the lowest to the highest, at the same time, the data of the water temperature, the fuel temperature, the air press and the rotary speed can be noted. moreover, we can measure the fuel quantity and the ignition angle

實驗中，調節節氣門在特定位置，並讓發動機的速度依次從最低變化到最高，同時記錄水溫、油溫、進氣壓力和轉速等數據，還可以測出相應的噴油量、點火提前角。

Usually the magneto - optical trap is used to obtain the cold atoms from the vapor. it is reported that experiments for obtaining the ultra - cold cesium atoms by optical molasses directly from the vapor cell without mot. the lowest temperature achieved for the cesium atomic cloud was 3k. the relationship between the temperature and the detuning of cooling laser was measured

報告了採用直接從銫蒸汽氣室而不用磁光阱實現了光學粘團的方法。用此辦法得到了3的銫的超冷原子團。這是我國目前用激光冷卻方法得到的最低溫度。

Floc point the lowest temperature at which vapors rising from a sample will ignite momentarily on application of a flame under specified conditions

閃點在規定條什下，油品加熱后所逸出的蒸氣與火焰接觸發生瞬間閃火時的最低溫度。

The lowest temperature can drop to 30 c below zero

最低溫度能達到零下三十度。

2. the permitted lowest installation temperature is - 15

2 .電纜允許安裝的最低溫度為- 15

What is the lowest temperature on the moon

月球上的最低溫度是多少？

( 3 ) 6000 - 5000ab. p, through comprehensive analysis of these proxy climatic substitute indexes indicates : this was a dry and cold period in which the temperature was the lowest and the precipitation was the least ; the vegetation may mainly be forest prairie ; in the early stage of the period appeared yangshao middle culture - the prosperous culture of miaodigou type, and in the late stage there was yangshao late culture - the culture of xiwang village type

P出現了老官臺文化，中後期即本區老官臺文化之後，出現了仰韶早期文化。門） 6000 5000ab p ，綜合多氣候代用指標的分析結果表明：本期氣候為全新世以來溫度最低、降水量最少的最乾冷時期，在這種乾冷氣候條件下，在前期氣候最適宜期發育的森林植被發生了退化，當時的植被可能以森林草原為主。

The analysis on the test result shows that the temperature distribution in cfst members caused by solar radiation is nonlinear, and the nonlinear character is most evident when center point of concrete gets its lowest temperature. the temperature of the center point is affected by various directions, especially the strong potential. in the side exposed to the sun in the afternoon, apart from the center point, temperature varies laggardly when the point of concrete in the same series is more close to the center

結果表明，日照作用下截面的溫度場為非均勻場，混凝土中心的溫度達到最小值時，截面溫度場的非線性特性最明顯，圓心點的溫度受各個方向溫度的共同作用，更多地受到強勢方向的影響;下午時處在向陽面的各系列，同一系列上混凝土各點溫度變化隨直徑縮小趨緩，越靠近圓心，溫度變化越緩和，對外部環境（包括氣溫與日照）的影響呈滯后現象越明顯;而在下午時處在背陰面的各系列除圓心點外，同一系列上越靠近圓心的混凝土測點，溫度變化越緩和。

Based on the dta / tg and tem patterns, we chosed 450 c as the lowest temperature and 2 hours as the shortest time for calcining

根據dta tg和tem分析結果，我們選定凝膠的最低煅燒溫度為450 ，最低煅燒時間為2小時。

The genomics dna of the transformants was extracted and assayed by pcr with nptii primer camv35 / cp primer and the results indicated that the chloroplast shsp gene has been integrated into the genomics of the tomato. then the transgenic tomato were exposed to low temperature ( in winter, on natural condition, the top temperature was 15 ? and the lowest temperature was 5 and a set of physiology parameters were measured after 6 weeks. the results were shown as follows : 1 ) effect on growth height of the transgenic tomato and the control plants after 6 weeks at low temperature showed that the transformants had been grown faster than the control. in addition, the leaves of the control plants appeared to be much reder than the transgenic tomato, and the change were obvious followed by far from the treated time at low temperature, which suggested that the constituently expression of the chloroplast shsp had some protective fountions to the tomato at low temperature

提取轉基因番茄基因組dna ，分別以npt和35s cp引物對其進行pcr分析，結果表明葉綠體shsp基因已整合進番茄基因組中；對轉基因番茄進行低溫處理（冬季，自然條件下（無加熱的溫室） ，白天最高溫度15 ，夜間最低溫度5 ） ，生長6周后，檢測轉基因番茄的系列生理指標，主要結果如下： 1 ）生長勢：測量轉基因番茄與對照（未轉基因番茄）的株高，結果顯示轉基因植株生長明顯快于對照，且從外觀上看到對照葉片發紅程度遠大於轉基因植株，隨著低溫時間延長，對比更加明顯，說明葉綠體shsp的組成性表達在低溫下對番茄具有一定的保護作用。

2. the die cracking with no - flow underfill was analyzed during cooling process from the curing temperature of underfill to the room temperature or to the lowest temperature ( - 55 ) in thermal cycle test

近年來，不流動膠倒裝焊工藝己開始得到應用，但由於不流動膠的固化溫度比常規底充膠高，晶元在冷卻過程中將承受更大的熱應力。

Meanwhile, we proved that the major factor that determines the distribution of plants in china is the primary productivity. the cold index ( the lowest temperature ) plays a more important role than the highest temperature and the annual mean temperature in restricting the diversity of plants

Dcca和cca排序也顯示了和dca一致的結果，同時證明，決定中國陸地植物多樣性分佈格局的環境因素主要是初級生產力，而寒冷指數（即低溫）對多樣性的限製作用要大於高溫和年均溫的作用。

Through controlling concocting temperature and time of oil in the laboratory, and refrigerateing concocted oil by low temperature, as to carry on the data analysis and other methods, the lowest temperature and the shortest time of the concocting oil requires were ascertained

在實驗室中，通過控制油品的調合溫度和調合時間，並將調合后的油品經過低溫冷藏，對其進行數據分析，確定油品調合的最低調合溫度和調合時間。

Polymer - network gel process was used to synthesize nanometer oxide such as zro2 ( 3. 5mol % cao ), co3o4 and nio. dta / tg, xrd and tem were used to characterize the gel and products, and determine the lowest temperature and time for calcining the gel. the effect of the concentration of starting solution, temperature and time for calcining the gel on the size of the products were also discussed

本文採用高分子網路凝膠法進行納米zro _ 2 （ 3 . 5mol cao ） 、 co _ 3o _ 4 、 nio等納米氧化物超細粉的軟化學合成，利用dta tg 、 xrd和tem等分析手段對凝膠和產物超細粉進行表徵，確定凝膠的最低煅燒溫度和煅燒時間，並探討起始無機鹽溶液濃度、凝膠的煅燒溫度和煅燒時間對產物超細粉粒徑的影響。