mathematical science 中文意思是什麼

Astronomy is a mathematical science, an "exact" science.

天文學是一門數學的科學，是一門「精確」的科學。

At present, however, there is still no convincible wags to mine transportation vechile scheduling, for all mathematical means we have is limited in solving this problem, and instructing science theory is wanted. in order to solve these problems, we usually with the help of heuristic method for decision - making and judgement - making in mine transportation vechile scheduling, so the development and invention of intelligence compute software is desperately needed

礦山運輸車輛調度過程復雜多變，現有的數學方法在解決此問題時還很不完善，缺乏科學的理論作指導。這些問題的解決，往往需要用啟發式方法（ heuristicmethod ）作出決策和判斷，這就有賴于智能計算軟體的開發和研製。

Galileo strongly fought against the traditional ideas of the aristotle ' s theories, and he formed the thought of identity, continuance and dialectical materialism in course of his scientific research. he had written the book dialogue concerning the two chief world systems - ptolemaic and copernican to refute the theory that the earth was static, and push the copernicus " revolution forward by protecting and advocating the cosmic principle of copernicus ; he get many scientific theories by making a thorough study of motion, so provided the materials need of which newton was ; he applied the scientific method firstly in history of science which combined mathematical inference with experience and observation organically, and entrusted modern meaning to some old - time methods, so advanced the development of scientific knowledge greatly and began the history of modern physics

伽利略強烈反對亞里士多德式的傳統思維觀念，在長期深入的運動研究中發展了同一性和連續性思想，以及把物質性質劃分為兩類的機械唯物主義思想；他著書立說駁斥「地靜說」 ，捍衛和宣揚「地動日心」的宇宙結構，推動了「哥白尼革命」 ；他深入研究運動，獲得大量科學理論，為牛頓綜合提供了豐富的材料；他在科學史上首次使用數學演繹與觀察實驗有機結合的科學方法，並賦予一些古老研究方法以現代含義，大大推進了科學認識的發展，開創了現代物理學歷史。

On mutually - inversistic mathematical philosophy and oriental exact science

試論互逆主義數學哲學與東方精確科學

This course aims not only to lay down a solid basis in mathematics for students to learn further advanced courses of mathematics and other specific courses of their respective science and engineering majors, but also to train and nurture students to master the abstractness, logicality and tightness embodied in mathematics, as to enable students to have the fundamental ability to understand and apply the logic relationship, study and grasp the abstract phenomena, and comprehend and utilize the mathematical rules

課程不但為學生學習后續數學課程和其他理工專業課程奠定必要的數學基礎，而且對學生在數學的抽象性、邏輯性與嚴密性方面進行一定的訓練和熏陶，使他們具有理解和運用邏輯關系、研究和領會抽象事物、認識和利用數形規律的初步能力。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

His research has involved several fields of mathematical pharmacology ( timed dose - response relationship of drug action ), cell electrophysiological and pharmacological studies on neurons in sympathetic ganglia and motoneurons in spinal cord slices, studies on mechanisms underling effects of ethanol and general anesthetics. he is good at cell electrophysiology and pharmacology of neurons in brain or spinal cord slices and has completed several projects granted by national natural science foundation of china, ministry of health and so on

效關系的研究） 、交感神經節和脊髓運動神經元突觸傳遞的細胞電生理和藥理學研究、乙醇和全麻藥作用機制的研究等領域，專長于腦脊髓切片神經元的細胞電生理和電藥理學研究，曾承擔國家自然科學基金、衛生部等研究課題多項。

Of course, as for the questions in the breakdown of natural science, too uncommon and boring mathematical calculation can influence your activity, therefore i ask interesting and practical questions, such as creatural diesel oil, using of straw, recycle of rubbish, resource insect cultivation, as far as possible

當然，對于自然科學版里的問題，太生僻、枯燥的數學計算會影響大家的積極性，所以我盡量提問有趣的、實用性較強的題目，譬如生物柴油、秸稈利用、白色污染以及垃圾回收、資源昆蟲養殖等。

Therefore, based on the key project ? esearch on some basic problems on quality control and source tracing in modern manufacture ? ( no. 59735120 ) sponsored by national natural science foundation, a deep research is made in this dissertation its branch subject ? the theory and technology of zero - waste control. the main work and achievements are as follows : 1. on the basis of the introduction of common quality control methods, some key problems about statistical quality control are elaborately discussed ; a method to decide the quality control line is developed ; a mathematical model based on the sampling plan of multi - variation of product quality is set up ; the process manufacturing condition of quality control chart is discriminated using the theory of fuzzy diagnosis

為此，本文基於國家自然科學基金重點資助項目「現代製造質量控制、溯源若干基礎問題的研究」 （項目編號： 59375254 ） ，重點對其中的子課題? ?零廢品控制理論和技術進行了深入的研究。論文的主要工作和取得的成果如下： 1在介紹了常用質量控制方法的基礎上，對統計質量控制的幾個關鍵問題進行了詳盡的討論，提出了質量控制界限的確定方法，建立了基於產品質量多變異的抽樣方案的數學模型，利用模糊識別理論對質量控制圖工序加工狀況進行了判別。

The field of traditional chinese science is constituted of mathematics, mathematical harmonics, geomantics and physical studies, medicine and pharmacology, astronomy and astrology, and alchemy ; traditional technologies include agriculture, spinning and weaving, mining and metallurgy, civil engineering, paper and printing, ceramics and porcelain as well as a number of other production sectors

研究領域包括傳統的中國古代科學領域如數學音律學卜筮和物理研究中醫藥學天文和星占學煉金術等傳統技術領域如農學紡織采礦和冶金公共工程造紙印刷陶瓷製作等等，以及大量其它的生產工藝。

In science fiction, antimatter, with its perfect convertibility to energy, is the ultimate rocket fuel, but the cern scientists see their antihydrogen atoms as a ticket not across the galaxy but in effect to a different mathematical universe, in which positive is negative and left is right

在科幻小說中，反物質，由於其可完全轉變為能量，是終極火箭燃料，但是cern科學家除了不超出不同的數學宇宙的相互作用外認為他們的反氫原子不是一張銀河入場券，在宇宙里正就是負而左就是右。

Professor yau shing tung, distinguished professor - at - large and director of the institute of mathematical sciences of the chinese university of hong kong will receive the 2003 international scientific and technological cooperation award for his important contributions towards the development of science and technology in china

丘成桐教授獲中華人民共和國國際科學技術合作獎香港中文大學博文講座教授、數學科學研究所所長丘成桐教授以其在推動中國科學技術發展的重大貢獻，獲頒二零零三年中華人民共和國國際科學技術合作獎。

The comprehensive evaluation is a kind of activities widely undertaken in fields of science, economy and manegement. the fuzzy theory is applied to the synthetic bid evaluation method. finally, based on the study about mathematical model for bid evaluation, the software of decision surport system for bid evaluation is developed which can improve the scientists and preciseness of the procedure of bid evaluation

該評標軟體以win98為工作平臺，採用delphi6 . 0作為軟體開發工具，靈活、方便、實用，可實現以下功能： 1 .實現初評和詳評功能，提供多種評標方法以供選擇，得出直觀、有效的評價信息； 2 .可進行信息化管理，具有對工程資料的瀏覽、修改、添加、刪除的維護功能，提高招標工作效率。

Traffic flow theory is a frontier and developing science that seeks to describe the characteristic of traffic in mathematical and physical way. at present, there is n ' t an integrated theoretical system

交通流理論是運用物理學和數學的方法來描述交通特性的一門邊緣科學，是發展中的科學，目前還沒有形成完整的理論體系。

Traffic - flow theory is a frontier and developing science that seeks to describe the characteristic of traffic in flow mechanics and mathematical and physical way. at present, there is n ' t an integrated theoretical system

交通流理論是運用物理學、流體力學和數學的方法來描述交通特性的一門邊緣科學，是發展中的科學，目前還沒有形成完整的理論體系。

Optimization design is an uptodate measure to seek the most perfect and optimum design proposal, and the mathematical principle of optimization had application in engineering design. it incorporate the speciality design theory, the optimization methods of mathematics and the computer art, accommodate a scientific design approach and a significant layout strategy for design engineering, and it can heihten design efficiency and advance designing quality. enginneering science must envisage economic construction, so it is beyond all doubt that the optimization design as the final approach of engineering development

優化設計是把最優化數學原理應用於工程設計問題，在多個設計方案中尋找到盡可完善的或最適宜的設計方案的一種現代設計方法。優化設計集專業設計理論、數學最優方法和計算機技術於一體，為工程設計提供了一種重要的科學設計方法，能夠大大提高設計效率和設計質量。工程學科必須面向經濟建設，優化設計作為工程設計的最終目標是毫無疑義的。

Geostatistics is a mathematical method developed in late tens of years to deal with spatial data, with its application continuously perfect in the field of geo - science

摘要地統計學是近幾十年發展起來的一門處理空間數據的數學方法，在地學方面的應用已日趨成熟。

Why i was puzzled was because, in china, geomancy was regarded as supersititious. but why did you compare it with ancient greek wisdoms and modern physical and mathematical science

我之所以很困惑是因為，在中國，風水被認為是迷信的。但是，為什麼您要用古希臘的智慧和現代數理科學與之相比

Department of mathematics, school of mathematical science, peking university, beijing, 100871

北京大學數學科學學院數學系，北京， 100871

Indeed, the one subject in the sheffield study who had had doctoral - level training in a mathematical science did no better than the others in arithmetic, but he outperformed them at algebra

的確，雪菲爾研究的其中一位受試者，擁有博士程度的數學科學訓練，雖然在算術上並沒有比其他人好，但在代數方面則表現突出。