methylxanthine 中文意思是什麼

Rat cumulus - enclosed oocyte ( ceo ) and denuded oocyte ( do ) both spontaneously resume meiotic maturation in vitro, when cultured for 2h, the germinal vesical breakdown percentage of do reaches up to 88 %, and ceos get 53 %. oocytes begin to extrude first polar body 1 ( fb1 ) when cultured for 8h. mouse oocyte spontaneous maturation in vitro can be inhibited by 4mm hypoxanthine ( hx ) or 25um 3 - isobutyl - methylxanthine ( ibmx ). while, 4mm hx can not inhibit the spontaneous maturation of rat oocyte, and the lowest effective concentration of ibmx to inhibit rat oocyle spontaneous maturation in vitro is 50um. treated with the same concentration of ibmx, gvbd percentage of rat ceo is lower than that of do, the results indicat that cumulus cells delay rat oocyte spontaneous maturation and potentate the inhibition effect of ibmx, but it ' s not the case on mouse

Ceo和do培養8h時都開始排出pb1 ；在卵母細胞成熟抑制模型中， 4mm次黃嘌呤（ hx ）和25 m的異丁基甲基黃嘌呤（ ibmx ）是小鼠卵母細胞成熟的有效抑制劑，但4mm的hx抑制大鼠卵母細胞成熟效果不理想，用hx - m199和hx - mem培養24h ， gvbd率分別為61 ， 81 ，而ibmx有效抑制大鼠卵母細胞自發成熟的最小濃度為50 m ， ibmx可以降低大鼠ceo和do的gvbd率，但ceo中的卵母細胞gvbd率要顯著低於do的gvbd率， 100 m的jbmx處理24h后，大鼠ceo和do的gvbd率分別為24 ， 84 ，提示卵丘細胞的存在可以延遲大鼠卵母細胞的自發成熟，有助於抑制卵母細胞成熟，但在小鼠上ceo和do的自發成熟差異不明顯。

By inducing 3t3 - l1 preadipocyte with individual hormone, it was identified that the mitotic clonal expansion was induced only by insulin, not by 1 - isobutyl - 3 - methylxanthine or dexamethasone

有報道用藥物抑制了克隆擴增的同時抑制了細胞的分化。我們發現克隆擴增是僅由胰島素誘導引起的。

Upon the differentiation induction of 3t3 - l1 preadipocytes by hormone cocktail containing 1 - isobutyl - 3 - methylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin, the preadipocytes undergo ~ 2 rounds of mitotic clonal expansion, which just precedes the adipogenic gene expression program and has been thought to be an essential early step for differentiation initiation

誘導分化的早期細胞會進行約兩輪的細胞分裂，被稱為克隆擴增。克隆擴增以前一直被認為可能有利於染色體的重構以易化分化所需要的基因表達，因此克隆擴增可能是3t3 l1前脂肪細胞分化所必需的過程。

However, significant fraction of 3t3 - l1 preadipocytes differentiated into adipocytes without the mitotic clonal expansion when the preadipocytes were induced with the combination of 1 - isobutyl - 3 - methylxanthine and dexamethasone

用地塞米松和ibmx對細胞進行誘導不發生克隆擴增，而細胞也能部分分化，分化形成的脂肪細胞未經過dna復制。