monophyly 中文意思是什麼
monophyly
解釋
單系群-
The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of f. limnocharis was detailedly compared with those of 5 other amphibians. the nucleotide sequences of 22 trna encoded by 6 amphibians mitochondrial genomes were combined and aligned to the homologous sequences of the 11 veterbrate taxa. using teleosts as outgroup, the phylogenetic analyses results show that mp, nj and ml trees all strongly support the monophyly of living amphibians with respect to other living tetrapods and favor a sister group relationship for caecilians and salamanders
我們在測定了澤蛙線粒體全基因組序列的基礎上，與已知其它的5種兩棲類進行詳細的比較分析，同時選擇了11種高等脊椎動物的線粒體全基因序列，以硬骨魚類做外群，用22個trna基因合併數據進行系統發生重建分析，結果表明mp 、 nj和ml樹都強力地支持現生兩棲類動物為單系群並且蠑螈類和蚓螈類為姐妹群關系（自引導值分別為92 、 99 、 100 ） 。 -
The results show that ( 1 ) loops are in general more variable than stems, and in loops a strong adenine bias are observed : ( 2 ) there does not exist a saturation effect in stems, loops or all positions of the 16s rrna gene fragments : ( 3 ) in the molecular cladogram, bagarius forms a sister group with glyptothorax, and euchiloganis forms a sister group with pareuchiloglanis, and exostoma forms a sister group with glyptosternum : ( 4 ) the phlogenetic positions of pseudecheneis, exostoma and glyptosternum are not recognized ; the glyptosternoid fishes are not monophyly although they are defined by 13 osteological apomorphies ; the incongruence of cladograms between molecular and morphological sets may be caused by less informative sites of the 550 homologous sites ; ( 5 ) e. davidi and e. kishinouyei could be the same species according to the genetic distances ; p. sinensis and p. anteanalis could be too
結果表明： （ 1 ）環區平均變異位點較莖區多，有很強的a偏好性； （ 2 ）沒有替代飽和現象； （ 3 ）分子系統樹上?屬和紋胸?屬構成姐妹群，石爬?屬和?屬構成姐妹群， ?屬和原?屬構成姐妹群； （ 4 ） ?屬、原?屬和褶?屬的系統發育位置不定， ? ?魚類並未形成一個單系類群；可能的原因是所得到的16srrna基因片段信息位點太少； （ 5 ）青石爬?和黃石爬?可能是同一物種，中華?和前臀?可能是同一物種。 -
However, both the monophyly of living amphibians and the close phylogenetic relationships of frogs with salamanders are still debated
然而，現生的兩棲類單系起源和蛙類與蠑螈類緊密的系統發生關系一直存在爭議。 -
The cladogram shows that the opatrini of 14genera in china is not a monophyly, mesomorphus is a monophyly, and another monophyly is composed of others 13 genera. and according to the faunal analysis, we can conclude that opatrini in china is mainly distributed in palaearetic region, hi which the number of genera makes up 59. 1 % ( 13 genera ) of the total, including 50 % ( 11 genera ) in middle asian subreahn, which combined with distribution of this tribe in the world, so it is proposed that the middle asian subrealm can be viewed as the core of distribution. most of genera distributed in limited area, only gonocephalum distributed in extensive area
根據已知種類，對世界和中國范圍內土甲種類的區系組成和地理分佈特徵進行了首次分析，結論為：世界土甲族以西半球最豐富，古北區最多，其次為非洲區；我國土甲的主體成分是古北區種類，共有12屬（ 54 . 5 ） ，其中11屬（ 50 ）分佈於中亞地區，據此認為我國土甲在區系組成上以中亞成分為主；我國除土甲屬gonocephalum廣泛分佈外，絕大多數屬均為狹域分佈；蒙新區和華南區的特有屬較多，說明中國土甲族具有中亞起源和熱帶起源兩種可能；物種數量分佈以蒙新區最多，華南區其次，呈現兩極分佈格局。
分享友人