navigation act 中文意思是什麼
navigation act
解釋
航海條例- navigation : n. 1. 航行；導航；領航；航海[航空]術。2. 〈集合詞〉船。3. 〈古語〉航路；海上交通。adj. -al
- act : 1 Association of Classroom Teachers （美國）任課教師協會。2 American College Test 美國大學測驗。3...
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It means that the carrier has great difficulties in counting on the exemption of neglect in the navigation or in the management of the ship to avoid his responsibility for the negligence because of his personal act
另外規則的實施使承運人難以再依賴航行過失免責來逃避自己有過失下的責任，索賠方利用規則的透明體系，證明承運人本人有過失比以前要容易。 -
If the ship comes into collision with another ship as a result of the negligence of the other ship and any act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilot or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship, the owners of the goods carried hereunder will indemnify the carrier against all loss or liability to the other or non - carrying ship or her owners in so far as such loss or liability represents loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of said goods, paid or payable by the other or non - carrying ship or her owners to the owners of said goods and set off, recouped or recovered by the other or non - carrying ship or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying ship or the carrier
九、如果因其他船舶的過失以及承運人的船長、船員、領航員、或雇員在航行或管船上的任何行為、疏忽或玩忽職守而導致船舶與其他船舶碰撞，所運載貨物的貨主將保證承運人免於對所有損失或對其他或非載貨船舶或其船東承擔任何責任，只要此種損失或責任屬于上述貨主的貨物的滅失、損失、或任何權利主張范疇，已由或應由其他或非載貨船舶或其船東向上述貨主償付以及作為對運載船舶或承運人的部分索賠而被其他或非載貨船舶或其船東抵消、扣除或追償。 -
The case is that the maritime law immunes the carrier from the liability of navigation negiect, which severely ignores the evolution of the civii law standard. ( 2 ) anaiyzing the effects of two diff8rent kinds of distribution of liability ffom a legal economics viewpoint. legal economics theories believe that if an act andlor a iaw theory is reasonable, it will maximize the sociai wealth
論歸責原則與航海過失免菏上海海運學院石聖科（二）利用法律的經濟分析方法，從微觀上論證航海過失免責的低效率問題；從責任配置的後果的分析來看：因為船東直接控制船舶，其控製成本比貨主的控製成本要低得多。
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