original bills of lading 中文意思是什麼
original bills of lading
解釋
提單正本-
Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases
第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。 -
Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law
第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。 -
Defence of carrier or agent may be accept by the courts are following : the holder of bills of lading waive the right of demanding the carrier to release cargo against original bills of lading, or the holder recognize carrier ' s such delivery ; the carrier may use to site the clauses in charter party or in bills of ladings for denfence ; the carrier may use time limitation for defence
承運人或其代理人在無單放貨訴訟中提出的抗辯可能被法院所接受的理山主要有以下幾點：提單持有人的行為構成了對無單放貨的認可或對要求承運人憑正本提單交貨權利的放棄；承運人可以援引租約或提單的規定提出免責；承運人運用時效進行抗辯。 -
Chapter three is about legal liability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading
第四章重點論述關于無單放貨的法律責任承擔問題。 -
On legal nature of delivery of goods without presentation of the original bills of lading from the different point of subject
試析不同主體情況下無單放貨的法律性質 -
The main responsible persons in delivery of cargo without original bills of lading are carriers or their agents
主要論述無單放貨的責任主體主要是承運人與承運人的代理人。 -
Delivery of goods ( or cargo ) without presentation of the original bills of lading ( short for dgwb / l ) is defined as the actions that carrier, agent or the supervisor delivers goods without asking for the original b / l
無單放貨是指承運人或其代理人、貨物監管人沒有憑正本提單交付貨物的行為。 -
Full set of clean in board ocean bills of lading made out to order of bank of communications ， hongkong marked freight prepaid and notify applicant or full set of clean original railway cargo receipt consigned to bank of communications ， hongkong marked freight prepaid and notify applicant
全套清潔已裝船海運提單抬頭作成憑香港交通銀行指示，註明運費預付並通知開證申請人或全套清潔正本鐵路貨物收據收貨人為香港交通銀行，註明運費預付並通知開證申請人。 -
In chapter one writer try to analyze the concept of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the concept is " actions of the carrier, the agent or cargo ' s supervisor to deliver cargo without original bills of lading ", and this concept is in the same meaning in judicial practice of maritime court in china. chapter two legal character about delivery of cargo without original bills of lading is the theoretic basis of this paper
本文第一章從無單放貨的概念分析入手，無單放貨的含義從字面上理解應包括兩個方面， 「無單」即沒有正本提單， 「放貨」即指放行或交付貨物，故無單放貨定義應為「承運人或其代理人、貨物監管人沒有憑正本提單交付貨物的行為」 ，這一概念的概括擴展了其外延，與我國司法審判實踐中使用無單放貨這一概念實際情況相符合。 -
Beneficiary ' s certificate certifying that one third of the original bills of lading and one invoice have been couriered to the applicant
意思應該是說做一個證書證明提單正本一份和發票一份要快件郵寄給對方，對嗎？ -
In recent years, the numbers of cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading goes up quickly
近幾年來，因無單放貨產生糾紛導致訴訟的案件呈增長趨勢。 -
The problem of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has been with us for a long time. we all know the risk and severe consequence of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, but it is still necessary in shipping practice now
無單放貨，作為一個長期困擾航運與海事司法界的「老大難」問題，大家都知道其問題的嚴重性與高風險性，但在實務操作中又確有其必要性。
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