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In this section, applying the method, from abstract to specific and from history to present, it analyzes the operation mechanism of urbanization economy affected by market mechanism ; puts forward four theories of urbanization economy from economic perspective, including agriculture surplus and comparison advantage ; non - agricultural industry ; agglomeration economy and spillover effect, on this basis of the theories, it, on one hand, analyzes two kinds of internal mechanism in the chronologic operation of urbanization economies : increasing mechanism of urbanization economies in urban output industry ; and changing mechanism from specialization to integration, which are the representations of the evolution of " mart " development ; on the other hand, it analyzes two internal mechanism of dimensional operation of urbanization economy : internal spatial enlargement mechanism of urbanization economies from monocentric city to multi - center city, and external spatial enhancement mechanism which represents city - regionalization and city - chain connection, the later two mechanism represent the evolution of " polis " development
這一部分，按照由抽象到具體和由歷史到現代的研究方法，分析了市場機製作用下的城市化經濟運行機理，從經濟學角度提出了農業剩餘與比較優勢、非農產業、聚集經濟、外溢效應四大城市化經濟定理；在此基礎上，一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿時間增長的兩個內在內容提要機制:城市輸出產業的城市化經濟增長機制和從專業化到綜合化的城市性質變遷機制，它們主要表現為「市」發展的延續;另一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿空間增長的兩個內在機制:從單中心到多中心的城市化經濟運行的內部空間擴展機理和表現為城市區域化、城市連綿體的城市化經濟運行的外部空間擴展機理，它們主要表現為「城」發展的延續。 -
Abstract : this paper presents a research work in children truing test ( ctt ). the main defference between our test program and other ones is its knowledge - based character, which is supported by a massive commonsense knowledge base. the motivation, design, techniques, experimental results and platform ( including a knowledge engine and a cinverstation engine ) of the ctt are described in this paper. finally, some cincluding thoughts about the ctt and ai are given
文摘:報告了關于少兒圖靈測試（ ctt ）的一項研究工作.研究區別于其他人的主要之處是該測試程序是基於知識的，它依靠一個海量常識知識庫的支持.給出了作者研究少兒圖靈測試的動機、設計、技術、實驗結果和平臺（包括一個知識引擎和一個會話引擎） .最後給出了關于少兒圖靈測試的幾點研究結論和思考 -
However, many researchers both at home and abroad have given hundreds of criteria of psychological well - being. after careful studying, we can find that some divaricates and deficits exist in the flourishing status of the researching on the criterion of psychological well - being. on one hand, more new criteria and theories of psychological well - being are flooding, and on the other hand, more puzzled many carry - outers feel at these conceptual, abstract and philosophical ideas, and naturally they can not put these criteria and theories into practice
通過對眾多心理健康標準的考察后不難發現，在心理健康標準研究的一片繁榮景象中，卻存在著多種分歧及不足：一方面，心理健康標準及理論成果層出不窮，另一方面，實踐工作者面對這些含糊、空洞、抽象和繁瑣的心理健康標準卻感到難以把握，更不必說用它們指導心理健康宣傳、進行心理健康教育與開展心理健康評估等實際工作了。 -
This course aims not only to lay down a solid basis in mathematics for students to learn further advanced courses of mathematics and other specific courses of their respective science and engineering majors, but also to train and nurture students to master the abstractness, logicality and tightness embodied in mathematics, as to enable students to have the fundamental ability to understand and apply the logic relationship, study and grasp the abstract phenomena, and comprehend and utilize the mathematical rules
課程不但為學生學習后續數學課程和其他理工專業課程奠定必要的數學基礎，而且對學生在數學的抽象性、邏輯性與嚴密性方面進行一定的訓練和熏陶，使他們具有理解和運用邏輯關系、研究和領會抽象事物、認識和利用數形規律的初步能力。 -
Abstract : the results indicate that yellow seed variety of b. napus rape is as a mixture of various yellow seeds, there are significant differences among the lines tested and different segregation of individual plants each other in its penetrance of the seedcoat
文摘:研究了甘藍型黃籽油菜不同品系材料、不同單株間千粒黃籽外顯率及其與含油量、黃籽級數和千粒重的關系。 -
Abstract : based on the analysis of practical roofage treatment of large scale workshops in donglei water pumping project, the design and construction matters on the drainage and roofage treatment are introduced, which may provide some reference for other works
文摘:結合東雷抽黃續建工程幾座大型泵站廠房屋面施工的實際，介紹大型預制屋面的排水與滲漏問題及設計、施工方面應注意的事項，供類似工程參考。 -
Some paintings are abstract, and other subjects featured include an outhouse and a person blowing soap bubbles
還有一些作品比較抽象，另有一些畫題包括一座戶外廁所和一個吹著肥皂泡的人。 -
We introduce detailly the its design ideal, merit, purpose and sql language and so on, then we discuss the problem of the design and implement of the v - ordbms. compared with other products, now, v - ordbms, which we are designing, is based on the relational database system for windows os, it extends the abstract data type, such as array, set, structure etc, we solve the store and all sorts of sql operation for these extended data type. otherwise, in v - ordbms, we provide the solution of how to realize the store of class, inherit, and the mapping of the relation among classes. etc. it provides the visual environment for using
對比國外的postgresql ， gemstone ， 02等產品，目前我們設計的v - ordbms原型系統是基於windowsos的平臺，以關系數據庫為基礎，在支持傳統數據類型的基礎上擴展了抽象數據類型adt （ abstractdatatype ） ，例如數組、集合、結構等，解決了它們的存儲以及相應的各種sql操作，能夠支持復雜對象，所以它的數據類型豐富。 -
Abstract : in this paper, the reason arisen from the noise of the bx1 ac arc welder is analysed. for the main factor, moving core viberating, the measure to reduce the noise is advanced from three hands, inside and outside slide. the other measure is also advanced for the second factor
文摘:對bx1系列交流弧焊機噪聲產生的原因進行了分析，針對產生噪聲的主要原因? ?動鐵芯的振動，從三個方面、內外滑道分別提出了具體的降低措施，並對次要原因也提出了具體降低措施。 -
Abstract : based on 1 50 000 high - precision aeromagnetic data of 1996 and consulting other geophysical and geological data, this paper has analysed the framework of basement structure and fault structure and, in particular, probed into the relationships of aeromagnetic field characteristics, basement structure and fault structure to the distribution of underground thermal water. on such a basis, the paper also makes a preliminary analysis of the prospects of underground water in this area
文摘:以1996年1 5萬高精度航空磁測資料為基礎，參考其它地球物理及地質資料，對山東黃河口地區基底構造、斷裂構造格架進行了分析，尤其是探討了航磁場特徵、基底構造、斷裂構造與地下熱水分佈的關系，在此基礎上對本區的地熱水遠景進行了初步的分析。 -
Abstract : the facts causing medical disputes should be seen from twoaspects, one is bear responsibility by the hospital, the other is not. only those hospital who conform to the conditions of legal responsibility : the subject is hospital, the subject takes wrong behavior, some harm exists, there is causal relationship between wrong act and harm, should bear legal responsibility. people should abandon some wrong ideas, such as hospital must bear legal responsibility under the circumstances of doing harm to patients and medical accident identified
文摘:引起醫療糾紛的事實可分為應由醫方承擔責任的事實和不應由醫方承擔責任的事實，只有醫方符合法律責任的構成要件? ?即醫療行為的主體是醫療單位、主體有過失或違反義務的行為、有損害後果、而且主體的行為與損害後果之間有因果關系，才需承擔法律責任，以消除只要有損害後果醫方就一定要承擔法律責任和只有鑒定為醫療事故的才承擔法律責任等方面的誤區。 -
Abstract : the restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. through interpreting the images of remote sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of lushuihe forest bureau, which is a typical forest area of changbai mountain, was obtained with support of gis. by dividing land covers of lushuihe area into 10 types ( water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man - made young forest ) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers ( in turn, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river ), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985 - 1999 were analyzed. the results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. in buffer 1, 2, 3, the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. in buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest - age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task
文摘:本文對兩期遙感圖像進行解譯，並在gis支持下提取露水河林業局主要河流兩岸各緩沖區森林資源信息，經分析得到各類地物在1985年及1999年的變化趨勢.結果表明:在河流沿岸對森林的採伐強度1999年較1985年明顯減小，整體生態環境較1985年有所改善.在緩沖區1 ， 2 ， 3除中齡針葉林大幅度增加外，其它地物類型面積均減少，由此可以看出，在這三個緩沖區內針葉林得到了較好的恢復.在緩沖區4內，中齡針葉林、成熟針葉林、成熟闊葉林形成一個林齡梯隊，有利於森林生態系統的穩定與功能的發揮，十五年間緩沖區4受到的干擾相對較小.濕地數量在四個緩沖區內均有所減少，雖然在緩沖區4內森林生態系統恢復的較好，但濕地面積仍有所減少，說明保護及恢復濕地資源是一件非常艱巨的任務，必須引起高度重視.圖5表2參12 -
Abstract ： as a burgeoning traffic mode, the bus rapid transit ( brt ) has evident superiority of technique and economics over the other public traffic modes, whose key systematic technologies require a series of software and hardware to support
摘要：作為一種新興交通模式，快速公交相比其他公共交通技術經濟優勢明顯，其系統關鍵技術需要一系列軟硬體支持。 -
Abstract : in this paper, a trimming method for subdivision surface is presented. it is applied well in the cad / cae system of plastic injection molding, and also useful for other designing of products and field of fem analysis. experimental results show that the method is highly automatic, quick and stable
文摘:介紹一種基於離散曲面的裁剪演算法，該演算法適用於注塑模cad / cae或其它產品設計和有限元分析的領域，實踐證明該演算法自動化程度高、速度快、穩定可靠 -
Abstract : the ecological benefits on various bunds planted with vegetation were studied using fuzzy comparison analysis method ， the results showed that the bunds of amorpha fruiticosa ， biomass ， caragana korshinskii are relatively good ， especially the bund of amorpha fruiticosa is the best ， whereas the bund of malus spectabilis is somewhat insuperior to any other bunds
文摘:通過對幾種生物埂生態效益的模糊對比分析結果表明，紫穗槐、黃花菜、檸條埂的生態效益相對較好，尤其是紫穗槐埂為最優，而海棠埂則稍差一些。 -
Abstract : a new clock - driven eco placement algorithm is presented for standard - cell layout design based on the table - lookup delay model. it considers useful clock skew information in the placement stage. it also modifies the positions of cells locally to make better preparation for the clock routing. experimental results show that with little influence to other circuit performance, the algorithm can improve permissible skew range distribution evidently
文摘:提出了一種新的時鐘性能驅動的增量式布局演算法，它針對目前工業界較為流行的標準單元布局，應用查找表模型來計算延遲.由於在布局階段較早地考慮到時鐘信息，可以通過調整單元位置，更有利於后續的有用偏差時鐘布線和偏差優化問題.來自於工業界的測試用例結果表明，該演算法可以有效地改善合理偏差范圍的分佈，而對電路的其它性能影響很小 -
Abstract : on the basis of general principles of mechanics and critical state soil mechanics theory, a theoretical formula determining the coefficient of earth pressure at rest for cohesionless soil is derived by means of combining hypoplasticity with critical state soil mechanics. the formula has a simple form and is only related to the effective angle of internal friction of soil. there is a slight difference between the calculated value of the formula and that of other formulae. the further investigation of the formula shows that it can be used to determine the coefficient of earth pressure at rest of cohesionless soil
文摘:在滿足一般力學原理和臨界狀態土力學理論的基礎上，本文將亞塑性理論與臨界狀態土力學相結合，推出了一個計算無粘性土靜止土壓力系數的理論公式.該公式形式簡單，僅與土的有效內摩擦角有關，其計算結果與常見的多個經驗公式的計算結果只有微小的差別.文中討論結果表明，該公式可用於確定無粘性土的靜止土壓力系數 -
Other than action thinking remains its old term, to be exact, image thinking is to replace visual thinking while concept thinking is to replace abstract thinking
根據思維的元素分為動作思維、意象思維和概念思維；其中除動作思維仍沿用慣稱外，以「意象思維」取代習用的「形象思維」 ，以「概念思維」取代習用的「抽象思維」 ，更為確切。 -
Abstract : an algorithm is presented for better legal solution in detailed placement of large scale mixed macros and standard cells ic design. due to the limitation of computing complexity, an effective and efficient initial placement is very important for detailed placement. novelty of this algorithm lies in a better solution at initial stage by using network - flow method to satisfy row capacity constraint and the thought of linear placement problem ( lpp ) to resolve overlaps. moreover, divide - and - conquer strategy and other simplified methods are adopted to minimize complexity. experimental results show that the algorithm can get an average of 16 wire length improvement on paflo in reasonable cpu time
文摘:以大規模混合模式布局問題為背景，提出了有效的初始詳細布局演算法.在大規模混合模式布局問題中，由於受到計算復雜性的限制，有效的初始布局演算法顯得非常重要.該演算法採用網路流方法來滿足行容量約束，採用線性布局策略解決單元重疊問題.同時，為解決大規模設計問題，整體上採用分治策略和簡化策略，有效地控制問題的規模，以時間開銷的少量增加換取線長的明顯改善.實驗結果表明該演算法能夠取得比較好的效果，平均比paflo演算法有16的線長改善，而cpu計算時間只有少量增加 -
All other abstract methods are intended for use only in administrative applications and are not used by the web parts infrastructure at run time
所有其他抽象方法都旨在僅用於管理應用程序，而不是由web部件基礎結構在運行時使用。
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