planned economics 中文意思是什麼
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Based on the above, the author thinks that transition economics should be defined as the first type, i. e. transition economics involves theories on transition from planned economy to market economy
經過分析和總結，筆者認為轉軌經濟學的定義應該界定為第一種表述，即轉軌經濟學是研究由社會主義計劃經濟向市場經濟過渡的經濟學理論。 -
In economics, the higher school logistics socialization is to put the higher school rear service into the socialist market economy system, socialize the service body, changing self - service into social service through further reform ; commercialize the service fruits, changing service without teward into one with reward ; market the service ways, changing the direct service into indirect one, to thoroughly changethe condition that higher school ran society under the planned economy, overwhelm the bottle neck of higher school development, and create conditions for our country ' s higher education to be better suited to our rapid development
摘要從經濟學的角度來分析，高校後勤社會化就是將高校後勤服務納人社會主義市場經濟體系，通過深化改革逐步實現服務主體社會化，變自我服務為社會服務；服務成果商品化，變無償服務為等價有償服務；服務方式市場化，變直接服務為間接服務，從根本上改變計劃經濟條件下形成的「高校辦社會」的狀況，克服高校發展的體制「瓶頸」 ，為高等教育更好地適應我國快速發展的社會經濟創造條件。 -
Transformation of economics system from planned economy to market economy, as well as that of the growth mode from extensive to intensive and operation structure from close management to open management, is occurring in our country. as a result, a series of profound changes have taken place in agriculture and rural economy. economic growth has been sped up, and comprehensive productive ability has been boosted
隨著我國經濟體制由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉型、經濟增長方式和運行結構由粗放經營向集約經營、由封閉經營向開放經營轉變，農業及農村經濟發生了一系列深刻的變化：經濟增長速度加快，綜合生產能力提高，農產品供給由全面短缺轉向基本平衡和豐年有餘，農村城市化、工業化和農業產業化進程加快，農業及農村的改革開放和國際間的交流與合作初見端倪。 -
But in china, project finance is still at the starting stage and leaves us many things to explore, so people, especially those who are affected by planned - economics lack risk consciousness
但是在我國，項目融資起步較晚，很多東西還處在探索階段，加之受計劃經濟的影響，人們普遍對項目融資中的風險認識不足，對風險管理的認識也存在著一定的誤區，往往把風險管理狹義地理解為風險控制或是風險處理。 -
For construction pace management, the author analyzes the reason of construction postponing and brings forward relevant solutions. for construction quality, the author lists the factors which affect construction quality, and describes the means of quality control, moreover, the accidents during construction are analyzed and correspondent solutions are put forward. for project cost control, the author illustrate how to balance construction cost, quality and term, in addition, the defects of project cost management are analyzed, and correspondi ng solutions are constituted china is in the process of the transition from planned economy to market economics, system reformation and operation adjustment become important jobs for construction enterprises
在施工項目進度管理方面，分析了施工項目進度拖延的原因及應採取的措施，同時還說明了施工項目進度實施階段的目標管理；在施工項目質量管理方面，分析了影響質量的因素，並結合實際，說明了施工項目在質量管理方面的一些做法，同時對施工項目質量事故進行了分析，並提出了相應的對策；在施工項目成本管理方面，闡述了施工項目成本管理的對象和內容，並說明了成本管理的實施辦法。 -
For a long time, our country claiming to be vast territory and abundant resources and carrying out planned economics system, the chinese government did not pay more attention to optimal allocation of land resource. the aim of reform of urban land system that urban land should be allocated by market became bright and clear along with deepening practice of reform and theory research. because theory reearch laged behind practice development, theory did not give full scope to practice. as a kind of very important and basic product element, socialism market economics incorporates urban land allocated by market. but the reality is that degree of urban land allocated by market falls behind of other kinds of product elements. how to eliminate obstacle of reform course as quick as possible and promote the realization of urban land allocated by market, many theory problems should be answered. that is the background and start of the study
由於城市土地制度改革的理論準備遠落後于改革實踐的發展，理論並沒有發揮應有的指導作用，對改革過程中出現的很多問題，理論界沒有能及時給出滿意的解釋，導致土地市場建設進展緩慢。土地作為一種極其重要、基礎的生產要素，其市場化配置是社會主義市場經濟的題中應有之義，但現實情況卻是，城市土地資源市場化配置的程度遠滯後於其他幾種生產要素。如何盡快消除目前改革進程中的障礙，更快地推進土地配置市場化的實現，諸多問題等待著理論界的解釋和回答，這是本研究的背景和出發點。
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