policy characteristics 中文意思是什麼

First, the thesis gives a detailed analysis about the causes and expressions of the medium and small - sized enterprises financing problems, concerning the relationship between banks and enterprises enterprises status, related policy and finance service etc. then, in order to solve the financial problems effectively during the developing process of the medium and small sized enterprises, on the basis of the development stage, concrete environment and characteristics of the medium and small sized enterprises in our country, the thesis gives relevant suggestions about the improvement of enterprises " inside financial environment channel expansion of the indirect f inane ing, more emphasis on direct financing trend of the state ' s policy and innovation of financial instruments etc. at last, in order to welcome the coming technology economy, the thesis especially analyze how to use the capital from at home and abroad to develop risk investment, to ease up the contradiction of capital supply and demand, and to support the fast development of the hi - tech medium and small - sized enterprises

然後，為有效解決中小企業發展中遇到的資金問題，根據我國中小企業所處的發展階段、具體環境和自身特點，結合我國金融市場的現狀和未來發展趨勢，從改善企業內源融資條件、拓展間接融資渠道、注重直接融資手段、國家政策取向、金融工具創新等方面，提出相應的對策建議。為迎接知識經濟的到來，本文還特別探討了利用國際、國內資金發展風險投資業務，緩解我國高科技中小企業資金需求與供給的矛盾，支持高科技中小企業快速發展的措施。本文試圖通過對中小企業融資問題的研究，探索我國中小企業特別足高科技中小企業發展面臨的一些共性問題，為我國中小企業融資方式和融資體制的改革略陳管見。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

From such different angles as philosophy, economics, politics, sociology and psychology, i analysized students " problems in ideals and convictions and the reasons, from which we may infer that the characteristics of market economy, the practice of reform and opening policy, the changes in international polictic situation, process of economic globalization and misconstruction in college education have brought about great impact and complex influence towards college students " ideals and convictions

本文從多方面對大學生理想信念方面的問題進行了分析，並且從哲學、經濟學、政治學、社會學、心理學等角度探討了問題產生的原因，認為市場經濟的特性、改革開放的實踐、國際政治局勢的變化、經濟全球化的進展、高校教育的誤區等，都給大學生的理想信念造成嚴重沖擊和復雜的影響。

With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。

Based on the data collection, collation, and analysis of the guarantee behavior of 45 listed companies, the paper summed up the characteristics and passible risks of it and from the angle of inside and outside of companies, the paper tries to put forward the corresponding policy

本文通過對安徽45家上市公司擔保數據的收集、整理、分析，總結出其擔保的特徵及可能引發的風險，並試圖從公司內外兩個視角提出相應的政策建議。

As the accelerated development of the world pluralism and economic globalization, african countries reflect upon their past to explore the politic and economic system that is applicable to the present situation, and the policy to foreign investment also has been improved. the common characteristics are to abandon the past policy of restrictions and frustration by “ nationalization ”, “ localization ” and “ africanization ” and to take various forms to absorb and encourage the investment into africa countries

在對待外資政策方面，各國也有了新的發展，其共同特徵是放棄了過去以「國有化」 、 「本地化」 、 「非洲化」為手段的對外資的限制和打擊政策，採取各種形式吸引和鼓勵外資流入非洲。

This article attempts to analyze the processing mechanism of the pure economic loss which comes to being in the system of civil law and anglo - america law system, summarizes characteristics of the processing mechanism and the policy consideration factor behind these processing mechanism, then carries on the discussion of the construction and the consummation of processing mechanism of the pure economic loss of our country, hopes to give my pygmy effort into the theory and the system of the pure economic loss in the our country

本文擬從純粹經濟損失賠償制度的立法選擇入手，分析大陸法系、英美法系各國基於各自法律傳統與法律體系所形成的各具特色的純粹經濟損失賠償制度，考察其立法選擇背後更深層次的政策考量，分析對我國純粹經濟損失賠償制度立法選擇的借鑒意義。

A new systematic method for rock engineering design - mechanism pathway analysis is presented. it is pointed out that, by way of studying the internal mechanism network in rock engineering system, it is able to forcast the systems general behaviour characteristics so as to provide a reliable policy - making basis for the optimization design of the rock engineering of underground mines

介紹用於巖石工程設計的新系統方法? ?機理路徑分析方法，指出通過研究巖石工程系統內部的機理網路，能夠預測系統的總的行為特性，能夠為地下礦山巖石工程問題的優化設計提供可靠的決策依據。

This dissertation initiates from the introduction of vc conception, vc characteristics and foreign vc features, provides definition and general analysis on key components of investment environment for foreign vc, including economic development situation, legal framework, policy layout, business circumstance and financial systems

本論文從介紹風險投資概念、基本特徵和外國風險投資特點入手，對吸引外國風險投資環境的要素構成，即經濟發展環境、法律環境、政策環境、商業環境和金融環境進行了定義和分析。

This paper is aimed at professional analysis of the generation mechanism and some basic points on business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry, and further study of the characteristics of business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry and its relationship with macroeconomic business cycle. writer is prefer to conclude that policy cycle fluctuation is a fundamental cause on business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry in the period of chinese economy system shift. in the end writer su

本文集中分析和研究了房地產經濟周期波動的生成機理等基本理論性問題，探討了我國房地產經濟周期波動的特徵及其與宏觀經濟周期的相互關系，提出了當前我國經濟轉軌時期，政策周期波動是房地產經濟周期波動的根本原因觀點，同時提出了應對周期波動的房地產業發展政策建議，這些不但是對經濟周期理論的創新，而且更是房地產經濟周期波動理論的擴展。

The writer studies the developed steps of real estate industry in the above - mentioned period and describes its generation mechanism, characteristics and cause of business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry in the period of our economy system shift. it is necessary to point out that policy cycle fluctuation should be a fundamental cause on business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry in china. writer here jumps at the conclusion that the recovery phase and depression phase of business cycle in our real estate industry should be later than the expansion phase and decline phase

該部分內容由第3章構成，即從房地產經濟周期波動的一般研究轉到對我國房地產經濟周期波動進行分析，從總體上看，改革開放以來我國房地產業的真正形成與發展只有20年的歷史，通過對這一短時期中國房地產業發展的探討，指明轉軌時期中國房地產經濟周期波動的一些主要特點，同時指出我國房地產經濟周期波動形成機制與原因，當前我國經濟轉軌時期，政策周期波動是房地產經濟周期波動的根本原因，並從理論角度分析了房地產經濟周期波動與宏觀經濟周期波動在各個階段間的相互關系，得出我國房地產經濟周期相對于宏觀經濟周期波動來說在復甦期和蕭條期滯后，但高漲期和衰退期卻先行的結論。

In order to maintain sustainable development for the non - governmental colleges, the author puts forward that eight relationships must be well dealt with : profit for investment and non - profit education, enterprises " economic benefits and outstanding personnel from colleges and universities, self - determination for policy - making and restrictions for the power, working efficiency and codes of condu ct, temporary working periods for teachers and continuum of educational implementation, specialty setting on the market basis and characteristics for running colleges, advanced ideas of the reform and rationality for the implementation of the reform

文章最為大量的篇幅在於闡述民辦高校要想走上可持續發展的道路，必須處理好的幾個關系，即投資的營利性與教育的公益性、企業的經濟效益與高校人才精神、決策的自主性與權力的受制約性、辦事的效率與行事的規范、教師工作任期的臨時性與教育實施的連續性、專業建設的市場化與辦學特色化、改革構想的先進性與改革實施的合理性等八方面的關系。

Based on the case of above, we can precisely describe the soe and its policy background in objective and factualistic attitudes. fatherly we pay attention on the analysis of the characteristics and reasons the mergence of soe, as well as the government ' s action by means of exemplification analysis method. and then the countermeasures and suggestions in order to fasten the step of the mergence of soe and the marketization of soe are put forward

在此基礎上，以客觀求實的態度對國有企業及其制度背景進行描述，進而採用實證分析的方法對國有企業兼并的特點、動因以及與之相關的政府行為進行重點分析，提出了國有企業產權基礎再造、完善社會保障體系，完善資本市場和中介組織培育、完善企業兼并的法律、制度以及修正政府行為等方面為加快國有企業兼并走向市場化運作的對策建議。

Based on the basic principle of matrix analysis and the guiding policy for air flight route planning, and in connection with the characteristics of the domestic air service as well as their market environment, according to the article, the traditional method of matrix analysis is creatively applied to airlines ' flight route planning to provide air companies with a kind of effective, strategic analysing tool in their efforts to correctly do air route planning amid the fierce competition of the market

摘要基於矩陣分析的原理和航線規劃的原則，結合中國航空公司的特點和市場環境，將傳統的矩陣分析方法應用於航空公司航線規劃中，為航空公司在激烈的市場競爭中進行正確的航線規劃提供了一種有效的戰略分析工具。

This article suggests the strategy and policy for the reform of the property - rights system on basis of analyzing the general situation of gdmehco, the disadvantages of its present property - rights system and the obstacles hindering the reform. this will provide the helpfulness for its smooth reform, and the guiding principles to its transformation for juridical entity and real competitor in market place with the characteristics of " making its own operational decisions, responsible for its own profits and losses, self - restraints and self - development "

本文對省醫保企業概況、現有產權制度存在的弊端以及制約產權制度改革的障礙進行了分析，並在此基礎之上，提出了省醫保產權制度改革的策略，對于省醫保產權制度改革的順利進行，並真正成為自主經營、自負盈虧、自我約束、自我發展的法人實體和市場競爭主體，具有一定的指導意義。

Completely carry out the educational policy. deepen quality education without pause. strive to improve schooling in characteristics

全面貫徹教育方針，不斷深化素質教育，努力發展辦學特色。

During the developing, our company with a stable technical administration talents group has built up the management mode and the innovation system of technology talents with chunhui characteristics and had the capability of independent developing and designing. our company is specialized in the researching, developing and manufacturing of compressors for anto air conditiongers with respect to the policy of “ high quality, high flavour, no. 1 service ”, as well as providing before - sale

公司擁有一支穩定的技術管理人才團隊，在不斷發展壯大的過程中，構建起有春暉特色的管理模式和科技人才創新體系，具備自主開發和獨立設計能力，擁有較強的人才優勢。

The development of water quality management policy in the united states : characteristics and experiences

美國水質管理政策法規變化及其啟示

So, this paper that is based on the their own characteristics and their status, discusses the salary system ’ status and problems of the middle and small - scale iron and steel enterprise, and point out some new creative thoughts according to the compensation rules of the shuicheng iron & steel group company and nanjing iron & steel united co., ltd. in the principle which retaining and motivating the key staff is mainly and recruiting the employees from the external is supply, we should do seriously the job analyze and post appraisal, and adopt the market pay level which is the hybrid policy. in the additions, in the guidance of the hierarchy of the need theory, takes the deference measures to design the compensation structure according to the executive 、 the middle and low level manager 、 technicians and operative employee doing the contributions to the enterprise, adjusts the ratios of fixed wages and variable wages, uses the annual salary system for the executive, implementing the dual ladders to the managers and the technicians

為此，本篇論文主要是根據中小鋼鐵企業的自身特點，論述了中小鋼鐵企業的薪酬體系的現狀和存在的不足，並結合水城鋼鐵（集團）公司和南京鋼鐵聯合有限公司兩家鋼鐵企業的薪酬制度，提出了相應的創新思路，即在以留住、激勵關鍵人才為主，以外部招聘員工為輔的思想指導下，認真做好工作分析、崗位評價工作，採取混合政策的市場薪酬水平，同時，在需求層次理論的指導下，根據經營管理人員、一般管理人員、技術人員及操作人員對企業的貢獻不同採取了不同的薪酬結構設計，調整了特殊人群的固定工資和浮動工資的比例，對經營管理人員實行年薪制，對技術人員和管理人員實行「雙梯制」的職業發展通道，從而確保了薪酬制度的公平性、經濟性、激勵性，不同程度地鼓勵了企業特殊人才的工作積極性和主動性，優化了企業的制度，提高了企業的核心競爭力。

Through analyzing the process of implementing the technical leapfrogging strategy in our country, it divides the process into three stages, and separately discusses technical leapfrogging policy, policy characteristics and questions in each stage

通過分析我國實施技術跨越發展戰略的歷程，本文將我國技術跨越發展分為三個階段，並分別探討了三個階段的技術跨越政策、政策特徵和存在問題。