population variation 中文意思是什麼

In the present study, aflp ( amplified fragment length polymorphism ) markers was used to examine population of abies yuanbaoshanensis in order to understand the level of population genetic variation and genetic structure. the result would help to evaluate its evolutionary potentiality and the degree of being endangered and could provide scientific basis for making right protection strategy. high - quality dna was extracted using ctab method from those tender leaves of forty - three fully - developed trees in population abies yuanbaoshanensis

本研究選用一種高效的檢測遺傳變異的分子標記? ? aflp技術來分析元寶山冷杉種群的遺傳多樣性，旨在了解該種群在分佈區內的遺傳變異水平和遺傳結構情況；研究結果將有助於更清楚地認識這一瀕危類群的生存潛力和瀕危程度，而且可以為制定何種挽救和保護措施提供科學的依據。

In the normal population, the number of cgg repeats in fmr1 is highly polymorphic with the variation ranging from 6 to 54. such statistical data are obtained from caucasia people

Fmri基因cgg重復次數在正常人中呈高度多態性，變異范圍n 6 sd ，這一變異在正常人群體中的分佈情況的統計數據主要來自高加索人群體。

The results show that : the main driving forces of arable land change of shouguang county are the per capita income, the ratio of the pasture output value, the ratio of the cropping output values and the ratio of agricultural labor force proportion ; the main driving forces of arable land change of quzhou county are the variation of grain yield per unit area, the ratio of the pasture output value, the ratio of the cropping output values, the ratio of grain field areas and the population density

結果表明：壽光市耕地變化的主導驅動力包括人均收入、牧業總產值比例、種植業總產值比例和農林牧漁業勞動力；曲周縣耕地變化的主導驅動力包括糧食單產、牧業總產值比例、種植業總產值比例、糧田面積佔耕地面積比例和人口密度。在此基礎上，揭示縣域尺度上耕地變化的驅動機制，並為進一步進行土地利用覆蓋變化研究積累方法和經驗。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Varieties of flowering colors present cline. specially, variations of flowering colors within puer population are many and varied. longs and widths of perianths as well as longs of stamens are continuous variation of quantitative characters

結果表明：居群內各種形態性狀都具有豐富的多態性，居群間具有明顯的多型性；花色呈梯度變異，特別是普洱居群花色變異式樣最豐富；花被片的長與寬和雄蕊的長度是數量性狀的連續變異。

The topics include : structure and function of genes, chromosomes and genomes, biological variation resulting from recombination, mutation, and selection, population genetics, use of genetic methods to analyze protein function, gene regulation and inherited disease

主題包括：基因、染色體與基因組的結構和功能；來自於基因重組、突變和篩選的生物變異；族群遺傳學；運用遺傳學的方法分析蛋白質的功能，基因的調控和遺傳性疾病。

Of all the 90 individuals, most individuals from a population can clustered together in the dendrogram of genetic relationship. it showed that among these populations there is great genetic variation. in particular, the genotype of tx population has been specified

6個銀杏群體共90個樣品的單株upgma聚類分析亦顯示來自同一群體的個體大體上都能各自聚在一起，表明各銀杏群體已有相當程度的遺傳分化。

So must use information theory method depict and abundant the genetic diversity index system. in addition to, the introduce of molecule biology technology and the research of nucleotide sequence evolutive give a new method for population genetic, so must do deeply research about the analysis method of dna sequence data = the research main about the follows : there are three parts about the information model of population genetic : one about the shannon information entropy property of equilibrium population and the entropy change in the process of establish equilibrium ; another research is about the diversity measure - ment of genetic variation ; lastly, research the shannon information measurement about the disequilibrium gene variation. the result is : 1 to a definite gene distribution, the genotype entropy reach the maximum at the equilibrium population, the process of population from disequilibrium to equilibrium, the entropy get large and large

此外，分子生物技術的介入及核苷酸序列進化的研究都為群體遺傳學的深入研究提供了新的途徑，但關于dna序列數據的分析方法需要作進一步的研究。本研究主要體現在以下幾個方面： （一）關于群體遺傳學的信息論模型研究，主要分為三部分內容：一是群體平衡的shannon信息熵的性質和群體平衡建立的熵變性質；二是群體遺傳多樣性測度的研究；三是非平衡群體的基因變異測量shannon信息量的方法研究。得到了如下結論： 1 、平衡群體的shannon信息熵最大，群體平衡的過程是熵的增大過程。

Variation in population characteristics across a geographical area ; may be related to environmental gradients or may have no functional significance

族群特性在穿越一個地理區不同的地理環境之間之變異性。

Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大

E. mollis had higher genetic diversity among populations, and the reason may be as follows : ( 1 ) those populations are generally large and are not subject to significant loss of variation through small - population effects such as random genetic drift and inbreeding coupled with selection

相對於26種長壽木本特有種和61種狹窄的地理分佈種來說，翅果油樹種群也具有高的遺傳變異水平。這表明翅果油樹種群不存在遺傳上的退化現象。

The result of the cluster analysis at the individuals level shows that most of the individuals from different populations cluster together and the individuals from one or two populations does n ' t emerge in some phenons, which means that certain degree of morphological and genetic differentiation occurred among populations. this also reflects that there is genetic heterogeneity among individuals or the variation of micro - habitats in a same population. from cluster analysis at the population level we found that there is obvious differentiation between the populations from east hot spring and the populations from other places, this differentiation probably caused by the geographical isolation among those populations

對所測量的形態特徵的數據在個體水平上進行聚類結果表明，同一種群的個體並不是完全有序地聚在一起，而不同種群間的個體常無序地聚在一起，同時也有一些大的表徵群不出現某些種群的個體，說明部分種群間有一定的分化，這也反映了種群內部個體間的遺傳異質性或由於種群內部微生境的差異導致的種群內個體間的形態異質性。

Furthermore, the study indicated that the genetic diversity of the natural population of reawnuria soongorica increased with the decreasing of the content of organic matter, water, total n and total p in soil, which had some relation with more potentiality of the genetic and variation of reawnuria soongorica in its long - term evolution to adapt worse environment

經分析表明，無葉假木賊種群與角果藜種群的shannon多樣性指數分別為0 . 1403和0 . 1615 ，基因分化系數（ g _ （ st ） ）為0 . 1469和0 . 1659 ，揭示了兩物種種群遺傳變異多存在於亞種群內，亞種群間的遺傳分化則不明顯。

First, this paper gives an introduction of some methods of unequal probability sampling, their estimators and variance estimators, including sampling with pps with replacement, methods of sampling without replacement suggested by brewer, durbin, sampford, des raj, murthy, rao - hartley - cochran. then, at the basis of rao and bayless ' s study, we consider that population can be splited two random subpopulations, which are respectively drawn from different infinite super - populations, and compare the stabilities of estimators of the methods that given above. we find that the minor difference between two super - populations has great effect on the efficiency of the estimators for the population with moderately large coefficient of variation ( c. v. )

本文首先從理論上介紹了若干種不等概率抽樣方法，它們的估計量、估計量的方差及其估計，其中包括有放回ppz及pps抽樣，不放回不等概率抽樣中的brewer 、 durbin 、 sampford 、 desraj ， murthy 、 rao - hartley - cochran等人的方法；其次，在rao和bayless兩人就樣本單元數n = 2的情形對上述抽樣方法進行比較的基礎上，將總體隨機地分成兩個子總體，視每個子總體取自不同的線性超總體，在文中，我們利用計算機實現隨機分組，並通過畫圖比較各方法估計量的穩定性，結果表明，對變異系數c . v . （ x ）較大的總體而言，兩個超總體之間的微小差異將對估計量的穩定性產生很大的影響，從而說明rao和bayless的比較結果還不夠完善。

The normal population characteristics, such as the mean, standard deviation, percentile, percentage and coefficient of variation, are often tested in engineering

摘要正態母體特徵值（母體均值、百分位值、百分率、標準差和變異系數等）的檢驗是工程中常見的問題。

Abstract : quantitative genetic variation in larval tolerance to cyhalothrin and fenvalerate was examined in a pyrethroid - resistant population of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera ( h & uuml ; bner ) was examined with half - sibling analysis and significant additive genetic variation in larval tolerance was detected, demonstrating that tolerance phenotypes in this population are highly heritable ( h2n narrow sense heritability = 0. 4625 0. 1578 ) to fenvalerate than that to cyhalothrin ( h2n = 0. 2476 0. 0248 )

文摘:通過單對交配設計不同的交配家系，採用半同胞法分析了棉鈴蟲對三氟氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的抗性狹義遺傳力，並對2種菊酯類藥劑的抗性發展速度進行評價。

We study the time evolution law of the atomic response in an open - type inversionless lasing system when the probe or driving field is off - resonance, and compare the law with that obtained when the probe and driving fields are resonant. we find that the detuning has considerable effects on the time evolution law : when the probe or driving fields is off - resonance, the dispersive responses for the probe and driving fields are no longer 0 and the two - photon coherence is no longer a pure real ; the variation of the probe detuning can make the time evolution law of the population distributions and the gain ( absorbtion ) of the driving field changing obviously ; with detuning increasing, the time evolution behavior of the gain ( absorbtion ), dispersion of the probe field and the two - photon coherence will gradually diviate from the evolution law of the standard damped oscillator ; with the driving detuning increasing, the oscillating time of the dispersion of the driving field becomes longer, the amplitude and the stationary value increase

研究了探測場或驅動場失諧情況下開放的型無粒子數反轉激光系統中原子響應的時間演化規律，並與探測場和驅動場都共振時的演化規律進行了比較.我們發現失諧對時間演化規律有顯著的影響;當驅動場或探測場失諧時，原子對探測場和驅動場色散的響應不再為零，雙光子相干不再是純實量;探測場失諧的變化將使粒子布居和驅動場增益（吸收）的時間演化規律明顯改變;隨著失諧的增大，探測場增益（吸收） 、色散和雙光子相干隨時間的演化行為逐漸偏離標準阻尼振子的演化規律;驅動場色散驅動場失諧量的增加而振蕩時間變長，振幅和穩定值變大

Analysis on population genetic variation and its correlation to heterosis of body weight using microsatellite dna markers in yellow plumage broilers

黃羽肉雞群體遺傳變異的微衛星分析及其與體重雜種優勢的關系

Systematic research across multiple subjects such as biology, chemistry and physics will be carried out, in order to understand the population variation of hab species in coastal china seas, to understand the mechanism of hab damage, to elucidate the ecological and oceanographical mechanism of hab construction, thereby provide scientific foundation for efficient methods for " hab prevention, control and treatment ", and contribute to the global morden theoretical system of hab ecology and oceanography

通過生物學、化學和物理海洋學多學科交叉綜合研究，掌握我國近海赤潮生物種群動態變化規律，了解其危害機理，闡明赤潮高發區赤潮形成的生態學、海洋學機制，為建立"預防、控制和治理赤潮"的有效方法提供科學依據，同時也為發展全球赤潮生態學和海洋學現代理論體系作出貢獻。

The population variation phenomenon shows that suburbanization exists in hangzhou city. now the emphasis of urban development has trasferred. suburban residences have been largely developed under the direction of market economy factors

從杭州市近年來的人口變化看，人口的由內向外的擴散過程反映了住宅郊區化的現象，城市的開發重心開始向外轉移。