precedents 中文意思是什麼

precedents 解釋
判例
  1. But the precedents are not clear : some caliphs took power by inheritance, others through consensus, others by force

    但是，那些先例並非絕對：一些哈里發通過繼承而掌權，另一些是通過協商，其他的則是通過武力。
  2. In preparing his brief he gave only two pages to conventional legal reasoning and citation of precedents.

    他在準備辯護狀時，僅用兩紙進行通常的法律推理和援引判例。
  3. In fact, precedents now are very important in many countries of the civil law, and have convincible force in practice

    但在事實上，判例在許多國家已具有重要意義，甚至已成為事實上的法源。
  4. On the principle of proportionality in constitutionalism - seeking justice in equity from the judicial precedents in usa

    從美國違憲審查判例中尋求衡平的正義
  5. The judicial precedents of the court in the u. s. a greatly facilitate us to understand the liability of danger

    《日本民法典》中沒有危險責任這一概念，它是包含在工作物責任之中。
  6. This paper also expounds the initiation and application of criminal judicial precedents as well as possible problems

    本文還對刑事判例的創制、適用以及存在的問題進行了詳述和說明。
  7. In chinas criminal law system, judicial precedents should be positioned equal to criminal judicial interpretations in terms of effect

    刑事判例在我國刑法體系中的定位應同刑事司法解釋同處於一個效力層面。
  8. In this thesis, the methods of comparison research, the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, the combination of positive philosophy and standardized research, the theories of economics and management are used to make systematic and comprehensive analysis of the issues existing in the state - owned enterprises based upon the research results of precedents and the borrowing and absorbing the advanced thoughts of the theories of modern agency - principal system and corporations " property right of the western countries. and then point out the feasible method to reform the state - owned enterprises that is the management hold some stocks in the state - owned enterprises

    本文採用了比較研究、定性分析和定量分析相結合、實證研究和規范研究相結合的方法，利用經濟學和管理學的理論，在前人大量研究的基礎上，借鑒和吸收西方現代公司產權理論、委託代理理論，對我國國有企業中存在的問題進行了深入的分析，從而提出了國有企業改革的可行方向，即企業的管理層在企業中持有一定的股份?通過mbo改造國有企業。
  9. In this thesis, the methods of positive philosophy and standardized research and the theories of economics and management are used to make the thesis systematic and comprehensive. the results of precedents and the advanced thoughts from a large amount of the domestic and international theories are absorbed. according to the reality, i analyses and research systematically the problem on the accumulation of the intellectual capital

    本文採用實證分析與規范分析相結合的方法，利用經濟學和管理學的基本理論，借鑒和吸收了國內外大量的研究成果，針對我國高新技術企業發展的實際情況，對高新技術企業智力資本的積累，測度以及運營等問題作了系統地分析和研究。
  10. As one of the substantial principles of legality in the contemporary law of obligation, the principle of change of circumstances adapts law to the variety of the social economy, coordinates the conflict of interests among parties and maintains the regular order of the economic circulation, therefore, this principle has been confirmed in the judicial precedents doctrines and legislation in most countries ruled by law. the principle of change of circumstances is inevitable in reality, though it has not been established in our current contract law

    情事變更原則是當代債法最重要的法律原則之一，它使法律能夠適應社會經濟情況的變化，更好地協調當事人之間的利益沖突，維護了經濟流轉的正常秩序，因此已經被大多數先進法治國家的判例、學說與立法所確認。我國新《合同法》雖最終沒有確立情事變更原則，但是情事變更在現實生活中卻是難以避免的。
  11. In the third part, the writer firstly is in an attempt to analyze rules of burden of proof in the importantly international conventions, namely hague rules, hague - visby rules and hamburg rules. by paying a close scrutiny on judicial precedents in different countries, the different approaches on the burden of proof in these conventions have been further stressed. under the international criticisms towards these approaches, the united states has drafted its carriage of goods by

    另一方面，在各國對規則要求進行修改的呼聲中，美國已推出了1999年海上貨物運輸法草案，美國作為世界上經濟一大強國，這部法律的出臺肯定會對我國海商領域產生重大的影響，在該草案中在舉證責任方面做了許多有別于現有國際公約的規定，因此在本論文中對美國99cogsa的相關規定也做了具體評析。
  12. The analysis of these precedents not only makes people believe these theories but also gives them a concrete and operable feeling so that gives them some mathematic teaching precedents that can be imitated

    通過案例分析，不僅使人信服其理論，更重要的是給人以具體、可操作之感，讓人有例可援。
  13. Despite these precedents, poe's interest in journeys is also distinctively american.

    坡盡管有所借鑒，但是他對旅遊的興趣仍然是地道的美國式的。
  14. Circumstances giving rise to the inquiry are unique with few or no precedents

    有待調查必要的情況非常獨特，絕少或沒有先例可援
  15. No precedents were available to show us how a modern day currency board system should be structured

    現代貨幣發行局制度的結構應該是怎樣的一個課題，是沒有先例可援的。
  16. But just as the speed and scale of china ' s rise as an economic power have no clear parallel in history, so its pollution problem has shattered all precedents

    正因為北京作為一個經濟強勢的迅猛崛起在歷史上是無可比擬的，所以它的環境污染問題也牽系著所有的同胞。
  17. To mention a few, they are usually so - called " introducing li into law, then mix them together " ; " taking kindred as the basis, turn ethic into law " ; " procreate cases by quoting the law, and assist the law with precedents " ; " control the official before governing the people " ; " administration, with no exception, has its order and mode " ; " imperial government does not implement its administration without considering the present " ; " various law systems are combined

    即通常所謂的「引禮入法、禮法結合」 ， 「家族本位，倫理入法」 ； 「援法生例，以例輔法」 ； 「牧民先治吏」 ，行政莫不皆有法式， 「朝廷不為遙制」 ； 「諸法合體，重刑輕民」等，進而從固有民法的淵源入手，對中國固有民法進行了探源。
  18. Although a trust can be a verbal agreement and implied by law, i. e., your words and actions are legally acknowledged by previous, similar precedents, it is far more common for a trust to be established by way of a written document called either a deed of trust or declaration of trust

    因此，銀行收到的是來自於受託方對于其違約情況下賠償能力的擔保（通過變賣部分房地產） ，而不是將計畫開發區域中的一塊地皮作為擔保。在工程項目進行中，由於土地價值的浮動，每塊地皮價格是可變的。
  19. The author believes that other sources of law, such as custom, precedents and legal principles, have been complementing and perfecting legislation which still dominates the legal systems of continental countries

    這一部分中，文章著重探討了在當代大陸法系國家法源體系中非制定法法源對于制定法的補充和完善作用。
  20. Second, concerning the different features of the provisions, china should invoke those most operative provisions actively in order to bring them into full play ; invoke those less operative provisions as much as possible to help increase their practicability by encouraging the formation of established practice or even case precedents ; take little consideration of those no more worth invoking, but should actively participate in the review and modification of the dispute settlement understanding, and push the clarification of the current provisions and the legislation of more special and differential treatment provisions

    其次，從對不同性質的條款的利用對策來看，對操作性強的特殊和差別待遇條款要積極援用，最大限度地發揮其效用；對規定欠缺操作性的條款也要盡可能的援用，以期通過形成慣例甚至判例的形式加強其實用性；對不再具有援用價值的條款可以少作考慮，但我國應當積極參與《諒解》的審議和修訂工作，明確現有條款，並爭取制定更多的特殊和差別待遇條款。
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