preindustrial 中文意思是什麼

preindustrial 解釋
工業化前的
  1. Many economists and energy experts long ago abandoned any expectation that it would be possible to avoid a doubling of preindustrial carbon dioxide concentrations, given the growth of human populations, use of fossil fuels, particularly coal, and destruction of forests in the tropics

    隨著人口的成長,化石燃料(特別是煤炭)的使用,及森林的消失,很多經濟學家及能源專家很久前就對我們可以避免二氧化碳濃度超過工業革命前的兩倍,不再抱任何希望了
  2. New research shows that, at least for the sami people of preindustrial finland, men should marry a woman almost 15 years their junior to maximize their chances of having the most offspring that survive

    一項最新研究發現,至少對工業化社會前的芬蘭土著民族? ?薩米人而言,男性需要與比自己小15歲的女人結婚,才能最大限度地保證他們的進化適應性。
  3. In 2007 an international team of researchers using satellite photographs and other modern techniques concluded that angkor had been the largest preindustrial city in the world with an urban sprawl of 1, 150 square miles

    2007年,一個世界性的研究小組利用衛星照片和其它現代技術得出了這一結論:吳哥城市擴張達1150公里,它已成為世界上最大的工業化前的城市。
  4. In the early 1950 ’ s , historia who studied preindustrial europe ( which we may define here as europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800 ) began , for the first time in large numbers , to investigate more of the preindustrial european population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite : the kings , generals , judges , nobles , bisho , and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books

    二十世紀五十年代早期,研究前工業化時代歐洲(此處我們可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時期的歐洲)的史學家,首次以眾多的人數,開始調查前工業化時代歐洲人口中的大多數,而非那些構成了政治與社會精英階層的百分之二或三的人口,即國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方上的達官顯貴,而正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充斥于史學著作。
  5. In the early 1950 ’ s, historians who studied pre - industrial europe ( which we may define here as europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800 ) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial european population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite : the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books

    五十年代早期,研究工業化以前歐洲的歷史學家(此處我們把它定義成1300年到1800年這一時期的歐洲) ,這些歷史學家開始,首次以眾多的人數,調查工業化以前歐洲人口中的大多數,而不是那些百分之二或三的人口,這些人構成了政治和社會的精英:國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方巨頭,正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充滿了歷史書籍。
  6. In the early 1950 ' s, historians who studied preindustrial europe ( which we may define here as europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800 ) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial european population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite : the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books

    譯文:二十世紀五十年代早期,研究前工業化時代歐洲(此處我們可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時期的歐洲)的史學家,首次以眾多的人數(楊鵬的書中:第一次以大量的數據) ,開始調查前工業化時代歐洲人口中的大多數,而非那些構成了政治與社會精英階層的百分之二或三的人口,即國王,將軍,法官,貴族,主教,以及地方上的達官顯貴,而正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充斥于史學著作
  7. The key to his optimism is a parameter called “ climate sensitivity. ” this variable represents the increase in global temperature expected if the amount of carbon dioxide in the air doubles over preindustrial levels ? a level the earth is already one third of the way toward reaching

    這個變數是指,當空氣中的二氧化碳含量增加為工業時代前的兩倍時,預期中全球氣溫增加的情形;而目前地球上二氧化碳的含量已經快達到目標值的1 / 3了。
  8. Volcanic and solar forcing of climate change during the preindustrial era

    模式式否低估了太陽對近期氣候變化的貢獻?
  9. In the early 1950 ' s , historians who studied preindustrial europe ( which we may define here as europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800 ) began , for the first time in large numbers , to investigate more of the preindustrial european population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite : the kings , generals , judges , nobles , bishops , and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books

    二十世紀五十年代早期,研究前工業化時代歐洲(此處我們可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時期的歐洲)的史學家,首次以眾多的人數,開始調查前工業化時代歐洲人口中的大多數,而非那些構成了政治與社會精英階層的百分之二或三的人口,即國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方上的達官顯貴,而正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充斥于史學著作。
  10. In the early 1950 ’ s , historians who studied preindustrial europe ( which we may define here as europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800 ) began , for the first time in large numbers , to investigate more of the preindustrial european population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite : the kings , generals , judges , nobles , bishops , and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books

    二十世紀五十年代早期,研究前工業化時代歐洲(此處我們可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時期的歐洲)的史學家,首次以眾多的人數,開始調查前工業化時代歐洲人口中的大多數,而非那些構成了政治與社會精英階層的百分之二或三的人口,即國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方上的達官顯貴,而正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充斥于史學著作。
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