preliminary cost 中文意思是什麼

preliminary cost 解釋
輸出包括基本成本
  • preliminary : adj 1 預備的；初步的，初級的。2 序言性的，緒言的。n 1 〈常 pl 〉初步，開端；預備行為[步驟、措施]...
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  1. Further, economic analysis showed that using the darkened sand could reduce operation cost. however, it is suggested that strict inspecting of water quality should be applied for the blacked sand, and preliminary filtrating time should be prolonged in order to ensure water quality

    這表明黑化砂與清洗再生砂對過濾的出水水質無明顯的不良影響，可以在生產中使用，但對黑化砂必須嚴格監控水質，適當延長初濾水的排放時間，以保證出水水質。
  2. And the evaluation target of the cost reclamation length is used to do financial evaluation. though the preliminary investment of the psd project is higher, its running cost is lower. so the total cost is lower and the more cost than that of the closed project is reclaimed in short period

    接著從經濟上，對閉式環控方案與站臺屏蔽門方案進行投資、總成本費用分析，然後運用投資回收期指標對兩種環控方案進行財務評價，得出站臺屏蔽門方案雖然初投資較高，但總成本費用少，多出的投資能在短期內收回，因此屏蔽門方案優于閉式方案。
  3. However, it is a prevailing practice in highway projects in our country that the feasibility studies in the preliminary investigation and the appraisal of operation cost in later stage fail to carefully and thoroughly analyze the impact of those indeterminant factors on a proposed project and the probability of those factors. furthermore, in construction period, only those major uncertain factors ( say, wars ) are written in the contract as a part of unpredictable risks so as to rectify the responsibilities of the parties as named in the contract, but the minor factors ( say the change in drawings ) are not singled out but included in other contrast articles

    在國內公路項目前期可行性研究和後期評估運營經濟成本時，只簡單地對一些影響項目的不確定性因素羅列出來而沒有認真分析這些不確定性對整個項目影響的大小和其發生的可能性大小；在項目實施過程（施工階段） ，只是把一些大的不確定性（如戰爭）作為不可預見風險成為合同條款雙方分清責任的一部分，而一些小的（如施工圖紙的變更）一般不單獨列出，而包含在其它合同條款中。
  4. From 1996 to 1998, as a project manager, i finished the studies on simple constructed venturi water film scrubber desulphurization technology and equipment for small and medium _ sized coal _ fired power plant. such studies are one of the projects required to rack one ' s brain with emphasis by ministry of science and technology in " ninth _ five _ year " plan. on the basis of the aboved researches, being entrusted with jiangxi provencial electric power bureau and guizhou provincial electric power bureau, we conducted the engineering feasible researches and preliminary design for nanchang power power plant and guixi power plant in jiangxi province, guiyang power plant in guizhou province, yongji power plant and taiyuan thermal power plant no. 2 in shanxi province to use venturi water film scrubber simple constructed desulphurization technology. the major technical targets of above consultation are around 70 % of desulphurization rate and improved dust removal efficiencies comparing with original efficiencies. the key features of this new technology are advanced and practical, low in investment cost, small in land occupied, suit for renovating the existing power plant and suited to chinese conditions

    1998年完成了"九.五"國家科技攻關項目< >的開發工作.在此基礎上，受貴州省電力局，江西省電力局，山西省電力局的委託，分別對貴陽發電廠，南昌發電廠，貴溪發電廠，永濟發電廠，太原第二熱電廠等進行了簡易脫硫技術的工程可行性研究以及初步設計等.上述咨詢內容中的主要技術指標是脫硫效率達到70 %左右，並可提高原除塵器的除塵效率.有投資低，佔地面積小，適合老廠改造，技術先進實用等特點
  5. First of all, this article has been clear several concepts about construction cost, development cost and complete cost. the construction cost constructs by the preliminary engineering cost, the infrastructure expense, the construction and installation engineering cost, the necessary facility spends. the development cost constructs by the land cost, constructs the cost, the development indirect expense. the complete cost constructs by development cost and period expense

    針對這一社會熱點問題，本文以長影世紀村一期工程為例，從成本控制理論入手，敘述了房地產開發成本構成，按照房地產開發進程的先後順序進行展開，較為詳細地論述了項目前期、規劃設計階段、招標采購環節、施工階段、銷售環節、期間費用的成本控制措施。
  6. How to reduce the cost and have the biggest benefit for all the parties who offer a contract broken are not only a problem of economic but also a problem of law. basing on the cost analysis of the contract breach, this paper analyzes the forms of the contract breach compensation, calculations of the damage compensation, and the valid contract breach by using the analysis method of microeconomics. this is a preliminary research regarding the benefits analysis complemented by laws

    本文就是在分析合同違約成本的基礎上，採取微觀經濟學的分析方法，分析了違約賠償損失形式及其合理選擇、賠償損失額的計算、違約責任與侵權責任的競合及違約責任的歸責原則、怎樣降低違約現象的途徑等法律問題，在用效益的方法補充法學理論方面進行了初步探索。
  7. It offered a preliminary research based on the field experiment to study the mechanism of how to increase yield by water filtration irrigation in a technological way. the pinhole rigid plastic tube was used to improve the cost to efficiency ratio

    試驗主要通過田間試驗，結合一定的技術分析方法，初步研究了大田玉米滲灌技術的節水增產機理，試驗採用成本低易普及的針孔硬塑料管，以提高效益成本比。
  8. Common quality standards and a professional approach to project management guarantee reliable results. the highly advanced equipment available in its laboratories makes the fraunhofer - gesellschaft an attractive partner for companies of all sizes and in all branches of industry. as well as the reliability of a strongly cohesive research network, collaboration also brings economic benefits, for the fraunhofer - gesellschaft s contribution to the partnership includes valuable knowledge acquired through cost - intensive preliminary research

    在應用技術研究領域，弗勞恩霍夫協會的市場份額佔30 % ，每年的研發預算10億多歐元， 58個研究所分佈在德國各地，有13000多名工作人員，每年為3000多家客戶完成約11000項科研合同，並申報約500餘項專利，為德國的工業、技術和經濟發展作出了巨大貢獻。
  9. Meanwhile, efforts should be made to cover the cost of contraception, fertility regulation, and childbearing by pooling various capital resources ; and insure preliminary health care and reasonable subsidy for women in their childbearing period

    通過多種資金渠道，解決婦女避孕、節育、生育的費用，保障婦女生育期間享有必要的醫療保健和獲得合理的經濟補助。
  10. Preliminary view on cost management of construction project management department

    建築工程項目經理部層面成本管理淺析
  11. This paper presents the important effect of construction cost analysis in the schematic design stage based upon the preliminary design of liberation bridge in guilin city, and indicates that a reasonable, safe and economical design scheme can only be obtained when the construction cost analysis is closely mordinated with the structural design of the project

    本文根據桂林市解放橋的初步設計，介紹經濟分析在方案設計階段的重要作用，同時說明只有結構設計和造價分析密切配合，才能獲得合理、安全、經濟的設計方案。
  12. The paper embodied with fact of hengxin corporation, and focus on the proplem of material purchasing. applying modern theories and means of supply chain administration and logistics administration, through reorgnizing material purchasing management and procedure. through authenticating supplior, we have established the evaluation procedure of supplior to strengthen the management of supplior, and applying computer technology and network technology, and realized electronics, information and centrality of purchasing administration, thus, production is guaranteed, purchasing cost is decreased and market competitive ability is improved. parts of contents and ideas in this paper have been applied in hengxin corporation and preliminary fruits have been gained

    本課題結合大連恆新零部件製造公司（以下簡稱恆新公司）的實際情況，針對恆新公司物資采購管理方面存在的問題，通過研究現代物流與供應鏈管理等先進的管理思想和方法，對恆新公司物資采購組織和機制以及采購流程進行重組，同時對供應商進行認證和管理，建立供應商評審程序及招標采購制度，加強對供應商的管理，並應用計算機技術及網路技術，建立基於供應鏈的恆新公司物流管理信息系統，力圖在管理的力度和深度上真正解決該公司物資采購問題，從而節約成本、提高效益、保證質量、提高企業的管理水平和市場競爭力。
  13. We see as a key trend here is that we ' ll have supercomputers of all sizes, including one that will cost less than $ 10, 000 and be able to sit at your desk or in your department and be very, very accessible, and you ' ll be able to use that for preliminary results or simple problems and yet will have an architectural continuity that means that when you want to take that same computation and do it with a finer level of detail, submitting it off to a cluster that ' s dramatically larger and can do more will be extremely straightforward

    當一個主要趨勢這里是，我們看見我們將會有超級計算機有各種不同的大小，包括將會值少於$ 10 ， 000 ，而且可以的一坐在前你的書桌或在你的部門中和是非常，非常可接近的，而且你將會可以使用作為初步的結果或簡單的問題和仍然將會有意謂的建築連續性當你想要拿的時候相同的計算和它由於比較好水平的細節，走開委託它到戲劇地比較大的群而且能做較多的意志極端地筆直。
  14. Based on a preliminary feasibility study we are advised that redevelopment is a more cost - effective option, taking into consideration the extent of improvement that the two options would bring about, the time needed and social costs such as the disruption that would be caused to service provision, and the inconvenience to be suffered by patients

    根據初步可行性研究的結果，我們得出的結論是重建會更合乎成本效益，當中已考慮到兩個方案可作出的改善程度、所需的時間，以及社會成本（例如修葺或重建令服務受阻，以及為病人帶來不便等） 。
  15. Procedures for developing solid cost, schedule, and resource estimates. conceptual, preliminary, and definitive estimates. top - down vs. bottom - up estimates. parametric estimates. life - cycle estimating. use of monte carlo simulation

    對成本、進程、資源進行評估的程序。概念的、初始的和結論性評估。自上而下的與自下而上的評估。參數評估。生命周期評估。蒙特卡羅模擬法的使用。
  16. In the last part of the paper, there is a preliminary discussion about the quantitative relationship between the supply and cost compensation of mixed goods the paper consists of six chapters : chapter one is a brief introduction to the basic theories of mixed goods, which mainly includes the definition, the characteristics and the effective supply of mixed goods

    根據上述定義，可以將混合產品的特徵歸結為不充分的非排他性和非競爭性、外部性、消費數量非均等性。事業單位向社會提供的產品和服務大都屬于混合產品。因此，探討混合產品的范圍可以從事業產品開始。
  17. A preliminary study of cost control in the institution of modernized enterprise

    現代企業制度下成本管理初探
  18. " a feasibility study is being conducted on the development of the weif. the study addresses the engineering feasibility, environmental acceptability, health impacts, contract arrangement, site selection, preliminary design and cost estimates

    發言人補充：發展廢物焚化能源回收設施的可行性研究現正進行，研究內容包括工程上的可行程度，環保上的可接受程度、健康影響、合約安排、選址、初步設計及費用估計。
  19. A spokesman for the planning, environment and lands bureau said today friday. " a feasibility study is being conducted on the development of the weif. the study addresses the engineering feasibility, environmental acceptability, health impacts, contract arrangement, site selection, preliminary design and cost estimates

    發言人補充：發展廢物焚化能源回收設施的可行性研究現正進行，研究內容包括工程上的可行程度，環保上的可接受程度健康影響合約安排選址初步設計及費用估計。
  20. This thesis analyzes the mechanisms of spatial extension, benefit and cost, concentration and diffusion, drive and restriction, and gives a preliminary discussion on the measures in the phase of urban master planning

    本文剖析城市空間拓展的內部與外部機制、效益與成本機制、集聚與擴散機制、動力與約束機制，並對城市總體規劃階段的對策作初步探索。
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