price constraints 中文意思是什麼

price constraints 解釋
限制價格因素
  • price : n 普賴斯〈姓氏〉。n 1 價格，價錢；市價；代價；費用。2 報酬；懸賞；交換物；〈美俚〉錢；（為取得某...
  • constraints : 變動極限
  1. We analyze agent cooperation methods now commonly in use, and, on the basis of ecology and experiences, we propose a competitive price auction contract network protocol. while using the same network traffic volume as the simple auction, our strategy of second overbid competitive price auction can achieve the same effect as the traditional auction. further, we improve traditional contract network protocol, introduce constraints into message transmit, and use fell back punishment and credit when an agent cannot complete the intended task, consequently the traffic volume and the complexity of systems are considerably reduced

    本文分析了現在通常採用的agent協同方法，提出基於生態學和經驗的競價拍賣合同網協議，採用的選擇次高價競價拍賣策略能在與簡單拍賣相同的通信量上達到類似於傳統競價拍賣的效果，對傳統的合同網協議進行改進，在消息傳播中加入約束機制和對agent不能完成任務時不採取轉變角色重新招標而採用違約懲罰和信用機制，減少了系統的通信量和系統的復雜度，最後在此基礎上實現一個基於fipa標準的多agent電子商務原型系統。
  2. In the presence of the constraints and different interest rates, a single arbitrage - free price is replaced by an entire interval of arbitrage - free prices

    較以往國內外研究者不同在於我們考慮了在投資約束同時借貸利率不同，單一的無套利價格為整個無套利區間所取代。
  3. Study suggests the main constraints of management buy - out : it ' s groundless to fix a price, the information published not confirm with regular standard, purchase procedure is not transparent, purchase action is not with market law, and also policy restriction. consequently, the paper put forward solutions to improve management buy - out : 1 ) the policy to evade the inside risk : the main way is to select suitable enterprises to develop management buy - out ; 2 ) to ensure the transparent and the market standard of the purchase procedure : the main point is to guarantee the justification of the purchase price, to strengthen the transparent of the information announcement ; 3 ) to consummate the mechanism of supervise government : which the work should be done in the supervise department of government ; 4 ) to emancipate the mind, decrease the government action in the enterprises purchasing ; 5 ) to care for the latter developing of the mbo, the purpose of mbo is to pursue the biggest profit of the enterprise ; 6 ) to consummate the environment of circulating necessary funds ; 7 ) to solve the funds and taxes problems of mbo, this is a better way to solve the problems of mbo

    一是管理層收購定價方面的法律依據不足：二是信息披露不夠規范，現階段運作或已完成的mbo案例在進行信息披露時尤其是披露其資金來源時多諱莫如深，令投資者對其資金來源皆產生懷疑；三是收購程序不透明，歸根到底也是法律方面的不足，缺乏相關的公正的運作程序和政策保障；四是收購行為非市場化，我國的管理層收購結束之後往往僅僅是相對控股，股票繼續交易，所有者與經營者分離的問題並沒有從根本上得到解決，所有權與經營權相統一的目標沒有達到，這就可能造成大股東也就是內部人侵吞中小股東利益將更為便捷；五是融資渠道潰乏，主要是國家政策和法律的障礙限制了mbo的融資渠道；六是服務市場不夠發達，主要是中介市場缺乏高素質的專業人才，無法滿足客戶進行mbo的需要，從而限制了mbo在中國的運行；七是政策限制，主要對合法的收購主體的限制、收購規模的限制、收購時點的限制以及收購資金來源的限制。
  4. In essence, the plan involved satisfying strict environmental constraints, a technical assessment and a price assessment

    根據該計劃，投標者須符合嚴格的環保規定，並接受技術和標價評審。
  5. Oil price also rose and almost hit us $ 100 dollars a barrel, as concerns over inventory, led to speculation that there would be supply constraints in the future

    石油價格也出現上漲，幾乎達到每桶100美元的價格，因為市場對存貨有疑慮，認為未來在石油供應上可能出現短缺。
  6. According to the internal character of price control problem, the authors use the related results of exact penalty function and equilibrium complementarities to transform the price control problem with hi - level special property into equivalent single level mathematical program that consists of equality and inequality constraints, consequently, to offer some basis for optimality condition arid algorithm of this problem

    摘要針對價格控制問題具有的內在特點，利用均衡互補及精確罰函數的相關理論，把具有二層特性的價格控制問題轉化為與其等價的具有等式和不等式約束的單層數學規劃，從而為研究此類問題的最優性條件和求解演算法提供一定的依據。
  7. The first chapter reviews the theories and empirical literature on asymmetric effect of monetary policy. after reviewing the research history of asymmetric effect, we can find that there are four reasons to explain the existence of asymmetric effect, the asymmetric price adjustment, the credit constraints, the outlook changing, and two constraints ( reserve requirements and capital requirements ) theory. compared with overseas research, domestic scholars began to study asymmetric effect after 2000, most of their research focused on empirical analysis and few of them gave thorough explanation for empirical conclusion

    各章節的主要內容和觀點如下:論文的第一章首先對貨幣政策非對稱效應的理論作了一個研究綜述，在追溯了貨幣政策非對稱效應研究的歷史沿革以後，具體歸納了目前為止西方學者歸納出的產生貨幣政策非對稱效應的四個主要原因，即信貸約束效應、預期效應、價格調整的非對稱效應、存款準備金率和資本充足率雙重約束效應。
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