pricing out of the market 中文意思是什麼
pricing out of the market
解釋
引起市場貨物積壓的過高標價-
In a word, it presents a comprehensive and systemic analysis on mbo in china and foreign countries, from the followly fire aspects : the background of mba, the policy environment, the objective firms, the pricing methods, the financing system, find out differences of mba and the causes of them, and combinating special eco - nomic environment and economic traces of our country, the author puts forward counterplan. these counterplans primarily include : from strengthening laws, enhancing the information to publish, culturing to agency and etc to come to perfect the mbo policy environment on our country ; defining objective firms of mbo in realm that the state - owned property is decided to withdraw ; with the clean property worth for the foundation, synthesize to consider managers " contribute and the value of control powers with company, and pass the market mechanism to come for right price of the objective firms ; pass growing the organization investor, creative financing tool and optimizing the assistant financial system, establishing the valid withdrawing way of financing etc to resolve the financing problem
在此基礎上，論文從收購背景、政策環境、目標企業、定價方法、融資體制等五個方面對中外mbo做了全面系統的對比分析，找出了兩者的差異及原因，並結合我國特有的經濟環境和經濟軌跡，提出了相應的對策措施。這些對策主要包括：從健全法律法規、加強信息披露、培育中介機構等方面來完善我國mbo的政策環境；在國有資產決定退出的領域內對mbo的目標企業進行界定；以凈資產值為基礎，綜合考慮管理層貢獻和公司控制權兩個因素，通過市場機制來為目標公司正確定價；通過培育機構投資者、創新融資工具和優化配套金融制度、建立有效的融資的撤出渠道等來解決融資問題。 -
24of course, the market portfolio may turn out to be one of the factors, but that is not a necessary implication of arbitrage pricing theory
24當然，市場投資組合可能會是因素之一，但是那不是套利定價理論的一個必需的潛臺詞。 -
Optimal power flow is an analyzing and optimizing method of power networks, considering economy and security at the same time. it has been widely applied to secure operation, economic dispatch, energy management and pricing of electric power, etc. with the fast development of power market, the importance of practical uses of opf is standing out increasingly
最優潮流（ opf ）是一種同時考慮經濟性和安全性的電力網路分析和優化方法，在電力系統的安全運行、經濟調度、可靠性分析、能量管理以及電力定價等方面得到了廣泛的應用。 -
The dissertation gives out the assets pricing theory in fractal markets by utilizing nonlinear cointegration theory, and sets up wavelet neural network models for capital assets pricing in fractal markets. the experiment of shanghai stock market shows that the pricing method we present above is superior to capm
論文運用非線性協整理論來研究分形市場中的資本資產定價問題，提出了分形市場中的資本資產定價理論，並利用小波神經網路給出了分形市場中的資本資產定價模型。 -
On this basis, the paper mainly proves that the value process { v ( t tl h, s ) ; 0 t t } of european continuous - time knock - out double - barrier put option is a martingale in the complete market without transaction costs, and the martingale property of single - barrier put option is given. at the same time, the pricing problem of american knock - out double - barrier put option is also being discussed, and the formula for determining its value at any time t ( 0 t t ) is obtained
在此基礎上，本文主要證明了在不存在交易成本的完全市場條件下連續時間歐式觸銷式雙障礙賣權貼現到0時刻的價值過程{ v （ t _ l _ h ， s _ （ t _ l _ h ） ） ； 0 t t ） }為鞅，並且給出了對應單障礙賣權價值過程的鞅性質。 -
This thesis critically reviews the existed studies on bundling part of pricing theory for enterprise with market power, and points out the limitation of those studies
本文對已有的有市場勢力的定價理論研究中捆綁銷售部分進行了批判性回顧，指出其研究的局限。 -
In addition, it is neccesary to deeply carry out foundational study for the following subjects : the control technique of distributed power generation ; the power market mechanism suitable for fussion of the distributed power generation, and corresponding political regulations ; management of electric energy quality, and stratagy of operation and control for the combined power system ; planning of the combined power system, and scheme of putting units into operation ; pricing of the power marker, and distributing scheme of network loss etc
另外，對于分散式發電控制技術，適應融合分散式發電的電力市場機制和相應政策法規，聯合電力系統的電能質量管理、運行和控制策略，聯合電力系統規劃、機組投運方案，電力市場定價以及網損分配方案等需要進行深入的基礎研究，並結合實際國情制訂相應的標準。 -
Whilst there is always likely to be a role for the small independent company meeting specific local needs or carrying out sub - contract work for the leading suppliers, without access to capital to develop new specialist, niche products or the ability to achieve the economies of scale in standard products to meet the pricing demands of the brand owners many are expected to quit the market
小的公司經常能滿足某些地方本地的需求或成為主要供應商的子合同商，得不到資金開發新的特殊品種，不能經濟地以標準產品滿足品牌持有者的不菲需求，許多公司見離開該市場。 -
Electricity market transaction depends on electricity pricing. electricity pricing is the core of electricity market. chinese power industry is carrying out the trial of generation unbundling and the competition bidding, in order to introduce competition and open electricity market on generation
電力是商品，交換靠的是價格，電力商品的交換靠的就是電價，而電價應使交易雙方都能接受才能成立，因此電價是電力市場的支點。 -
After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks
如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。 -
The general measures carried out by african countries are as follows : reduced administrative rationing of foreign exchange, eliminated many non - tariff barrier, allowed the private sector to compete with parastatals freely, adopted price formulas with a clear link to world pricing, devalued the real exchange rate, reduced the taxation of african fanners, relaxed labor control et al. the implementation of these measures and the transition of economic policy led to the positive effects, got the price - market signals right and promoted the allocation of economic resources
雖然政策調整過程中有一些新問題出現，但從總體上講，以市場為導向的經濟政策在一定程度上消除了經濟發展過程中存在的障礙，促進了生產要素按照市場原則進行最優的配置，有利於市場體系的建立、健全，並逐步強化了市場競爭機制，促進了資源的有效配置和經濟的發展。 -
The thesis takes the fiscal cost method as the feasible method to price. on the initial stages of market, the retail power price should be hold out in an invariable level, besides being embedded in the peak valley price and the seasonal price. although the thesis takes emphases on the initial pricing mechanism, it also involves the metaphase and the far future of the electricity tariff of yunnan electricity market
本文的研究以雲南電力市場建立初期電價機制為重點，兼顧市場中遠期階段，建立了雲南電力市場運行初期以兩部制電價制度為基礎的發電側上網電價形成機制，以綜合成本法為主要定價方法的輸配電定價機制以及以兩部制為主、一部制為輔並全面整合豐枯季節電價和峰谷分時電價的銷售電價定價機制。 -
The topic of this paper is to analyze the linkage and make empirical research on inter - market arbitrage from the difference in pricing between interbank market and exchange market, and accordingly find out the characteristic and variety of market mechanism in the process of transformation of treasure market institution
本文研究的主題，是從銀行間國債市場和交易所國債市場在定價上的聯系或偏差出發，進行聯動性的考察和套利的實證研究，從而在中國國債市場制度變遷的過程中，從價格視角反映出市場機制本身的特徵和變化。 -
The undeveloped market of rights of control can not neglect our country ’ s rights of control. during stock market reformed continuously, the problem of rights of control become sticking out day and day. now for chinese stock market being in the reform of shareholder structure, there is also potential change in rights of control, that is, during the reform of shareholder, for companies on the market, rights of control flow potenyially. because of people ’ s anticipation of liqudity of rights of control, this kind of anticipation will be reflected on its pricing of capital
目前正處于解決股權分置的改革中的中國證券市場，控制權也存在潛在的變化，即在股權改革的過程中上市公司控制權正處于潛在流動，由於人們開始對控制權流動產生了一定的預期，這種預期一方面表現在上市公司的治理上，另一方面將反映到上市公司的價值上來，即公司股票的定價上。 -
Secondly, basing on the theoretical analysis to the model in customers purchasing behavior and brand selection, the paper, according to the characteristics of different segment markets as well as consumption classcs, standing at the angle of enterprise, theorctically explores how to make marketing strategies in limited markets, and gives a concise as well as empirical explanation by a variety of concrete cases, guined the primary idea how the real estate enterprises builds up the marketing strategics based on adapting to the features of buyer market, the real estate the thesis uses the methods of swot etc to analyse the strategic environment and the interior factors of chongqing longjingyuan real estate businesses. in the pricing strategy, along the optional rule which customers purchase commodities for value maximization and price minimization, the paper works out the delivery value pricing method which can guarantee both the delivery value attracting customers and the profit of enterpriscs, combined with philip kotlers delivery value theory for customer
本文首先對市場營銷管理的理論，特別是房地產營銷管理的特殊性、房地產市場發展的歷史和市場營銷管理的現狀進行了分析和總結，提出了本文的研究思路和以市場為導向的戰略理論指導思想。在本文運用的理論工具的指導下，應用市場調查理論、波特模型、市場細分理論，對本課題所處的市場環境，包括重慶市房地產市場和與本課題所在地區的宏觀經濟環境、區域環境、政策環境、城市規劃、行業環境以及消費者市場的收入水平、家庭結構、消費能力、消費心理、居住偏好、生活習慣等28個指標進行調查分析，對本課題的競爭環境進行了研究，提出了與本研究項目相適宜的市場需求和市場營銷機會，確定了項目要進入的目標市場。
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