pricing scale 中文意思是什麼
pricing scale
解釋
計價秤-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
After demonstration we can get the main conclusions : there are notable positive relativity between audit fee and audtee ' s total assetses or subsidiaries, and auditor ' s scale ; while the audit opnion is not clean, audit fees are higher, but audit quality are n ' t increased that suggestes that independentance in chinese public audit market is negative. ; when auditors give special audit or consultations, they may demand more audit fees and their auditees may buy audit opinions ; there is pricing - cutting when cpa audit listed companies that need middle audit or special audit or consultations for the first time ; there is also a unprompted price bottom line in chinese public audit market, but audit quality is n ' t improved for it
通過實證，得出的結論主要有：我國證券市場的審計費用和客戶資產、經營規模、事務所規模顯著正相關；出具非標準無保留意見的審計報告，審計費用較高，但審計質量並沒有提高；提供專項審計或管理咨詢服務的事務所收取的審計費用顯著偏高，上市公司有利用這些服務收買審計意見的行為；在有中期審計和專項審計或管理咨詢的公司，注冊會計師初次審計存在一定的「削價」行為；上市公司獨立審計市場自發形成審計價格下限，但沒因此促成審計質量自發的提高。 -
The author suggested that the szg corp would developed the drugstore chain scale gradually, especially on the immanent scale ; enforcing the building schema of brand differentiation and improving the brand acceptability ; the main problems in the drugstore chain brand marketing, such as pricing tactics, merchant diversification, service marketing, manufacturing and selling the own line of drug products, combining the store sales and no store sales, building the public relations, and then proposed the single drugstore how to do in the brand marketing
最後，作者根據相關理論和實際經驗，在時珍閣連鎖藥店經營發展中提出以連鎖品牌的建設為重點的連鎖藥店發展思路，穩步發展連鎖規模，特別是注重內涵式規模的發展；實施差異化品牌建設方案，提高企業品牌的美譽度；在連鎖藥店的品牌營銷中注意價格策略、多元化經營、服務營銷、自有品牌產品的發展、有店鋪與無店鋪營銷的結合、公共關系的建設等幾個方面，同時提出了單個藥店進行品牌營銷的多種方法。 -
The empirical results show that the banks with larger scale tend to have lower prime rates and that bank capital costs and operating expenses have positive effects on the prime rate pricing
實證結果發現，銀行資金成本及營業費用對基本放款利率有正向影響，而規模愈大的銀行則會有較低的基本放款利率。 -
Shanghai arenco has a large scale machining capacity based on matureed technology, well equipped processing machinery, quality tracing system of swedish standard, the localized pricing, promised delivery and 100 years reputation
上海阿仁科擁有完善的技術，配套管理和質量跟蹤體系，本土化價格和即時交貨；機械加工的能力和發展正成為企業新的增長點。 -
In the latter case, an offensive pricing strategy based on scale economy and experience curve has resulted in a secure leading position in the microwave oven market with an absolute control of the market
其利用規模經濟、經驗曲線而進行的進攻性定價策略，使其牢牢地把握著中國的微波爐市場，成為該市場的絕對領導者。 -
Furthermore, based on the approximately estimation of price elasticity of demand and operation cost by the methods of econometrics, it makes a reasonable scale ticket price scheme and pricing estimation system for chongqing light rail, which also giving a new pricing method for the similar projects in china
同時運用計量經濟學的方法對輕軌價格需求彈性系數和運營成本作了近似估計。在此基礎上，為重慶輕軌制定出一套可行合理的分段計程制票價方案和票價綜合評價體系，從而為國內同類項目的定價提出了一種新的思路和方法。 -
Whilst there is always likely to be a role for the small independent company meeting specific local needs or carrying out sub - contract work for the leading suppliers, without access to capital to develop new specialist, niche products or the ability to achieve the economies of scale in standard products to meet the pricing demands of the brand owners many are expected to quit the market
小的公司經常能滿足某些地方本地的需求或成為主要供應商的子合同商，得不到資金開發新的特殊品種，不能經濟地以標準產品滿足品牌持有者的不菲需求，許多公司見離開該市場。 -
Next, according to the feature of different types of the industry chain, it is supposed that the manufacturing cost of suppliers and backward enterprises is known, with the method of the pricing of middle product, we set about the study on value attribution ? profit - distribution, and we use the regressively inductive method to find the scale of the profit - distribution. last, we use the situation of the industry chain of the data service inland and overseas to give evidence study
然後，基於不同電信增值業務產業鏈模式的特點，假設電信增值業務產業鏈上企業的生產成本為共同知識，本文運用中間產品定價的方式，研究不同類型的產業鏈模式下電信運營商與sp商的利益分配方式，並通過逆向歸納法（動態博弈）求解計算它們的利益分配比例，為現實電信運營商的發展提供理論支持。 -
Several key problems in electricity markets, such as pricing of transmission and wheeiing transactions, generation bidding and available transfer capability calculation between interconnected systems, etc., are comprehensively and thoroughly studied and analyzed in this dissertation. the main contents and contributions are as follows : ( l ) ln a spot price based marketplace, the revenues and costs of transmission service are not easily balanced due to the economies of scale of transmission networks
本文主要針對電力市場中的輸電和轉運服務定價、發電競價以及互聯區域間可用輸電能力計算等問題進行了較為全面和深入的理論研究和計算分析，主要內容及成果如下： （ 1 ）由於輸電系統的規模經濟，在基於實時電價的電力市場中，輸電系統的收入和支出難以平衡。 -
Translate the following sentence into chinese, ‘ in a world where products are rapidly becoming commodities, samsung would never thrive through scale and pricing power alone
在一個產品迅速成為日用品的環境中，三星僅依靠生產規模和價格優勢就永遠不能繁榮發展。 -
Here, this paper studies the found model choices, scale level, pricing basement and collecting model choices of deposit insurance fund, and deposit insurance fund management
本文具體研究了我國存款保險基金的設立模式選擇、存款保險基金的規模水平確定、存款保險的費率釐定基礎和保費計收方式選擇以及存款保險基金的管理運營等幾個主要問題。 -
Using data from the 1990s to extend existing analysis of pricing strategy, banking mergers, and other market behavior, this chapter examines the performance and value effects of banking organization acquisitions. examines the profit outlook of banks worldwide, and also in china. in chapter 7 and chapter 8, we focused on a number of policy issues such as the policy to reform the banking industrial organization, including the objective mode, the countermeasures to reform the concentration, entry & exit barriers, and economies of scale
第六章「銀行產業組織市場績效研究」從銀行業市場績效的內涵及影響因素入手，重點分析了「結構、行為和績效」的相互關系、市場績效的衡量等基本理論和實踐問題，最後結合美國銀行業市場績效分析和我國銀行產業組織績效分析，研究了我國銀行業市場績效主要指標、原因，並進行相應的政策分析，提出改善銀行業市場績效的政策建議，為我國銀行業的改革和發展提供理論和政策依據。 -
We have a solid global reputation for quality excellence and competitive pricing. our customer database is on a global scale. we work with many well - known publishers from the u. s. a., europe, australia, new zealand, japan and hong kong
作為亞洲區最主要的書籍出口商之一，優質的產品及合理的價格令我們在全球享負盛名，不少知名的出版社都是我們的合作夥伴，分別來自美國歐洲澳洲紐西蘭日本及香港等地。
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