principle of causality 中文意思是什麼
principle of causality
解釋
因果律-
The theory of indispensable condition can be the basis for the establishment of the causality in terms of causation in fact. meanwhile, the correspondence of causal relationship theory can be regarded as a principle for determining the causality both in terms of the scope of liability and the causation in law
為完善我國現代法治制度，我們應借鑒國外「二分法」理論，以「必要條件說」確立責任成立的因果關系或事實上的因果關系，以相當因果關系說等確立責任范圍的因果關系或法律上的因果關系。 -
Instigation has only independence but not dependence from the following angles : revised constitution of crime can directly be utilized to convict ; instigation has serious harmfulness, violates the social relations protected by criminal law and deserves conviction and penalty itself ; to ponder over the circumstances of instigatee during conviction does not indicate the dependence of instigation ; there is causality between instigation and the harmful consequences brought by the crime committed by the instigatee ; literate dependence is not equal to the dependence of instigation ; insisting on the independence of instigation will not lead to convicting by thought ; to recognize the independence of instigation is required by the principle of personal responsibility ; it is a worldwide tendency to accept the independence of instigation in legislation
從下列八個方面可以得出教唆犯只應具有獨立性，而不具有從屬性：修正的犯罪構成可直接作為定罪的根據；教唆犯罪具有嚴重的社會危害性，本身就侵犯了刑法所保護的社會關系，具有犯罪性和可罰性；教唆犯的定罪、處罰要考慮到被教唆人的情況，但這並不是教唆犯從屬性的體現；教唆行為對被教唆人實施的犯罪所造成的危害結果具有原因力；文理上的從屬性並不能證明教唆犯具有從屬性；教唆犯獨立性說並不是主觀歸罪；堅持教唆犯獨立性說是貫徹刑法個人責任的要求；教唆犯獨立性說是各國立法的趨勢。 -
From the legal perspective, the civil legal liabilities of certified public accountants should be defined by properly applying the doctrine of relevant causality under the principle of faulty liabilities, and certified public accountants have objective and subjective defenses in proceedings
摘要從法律視角看，注冊會計師民事法律責任的界定應是在過錯責任原則下，對相當因果關系說的正確適用，並且在涉訟時注冊會計師擁有主客兩方面的抗辯事由。 -
Chapter iv on a basis of comparative and classified analysis, it concludes essential formations of civil responsibility of securities fraud : conduct, damage, causality, fault and the principle that how to lay the blame on the right shoulder ' s
第四章在比較研究和分類研究的基礎上，歸納論述了證券欺詐民事責什的構成要件，即證券欺詐行為、證券欺詐損害事實、證券欺詐因果關系及證券欺詐過錯與歸貫原則。 -
The author hopes it benefit chinese temporary law construction and play a new role in the chinese law construction. firstly, the author studies the principal content and legal basis of the victim protection system of tang dynasty, and argues that the basis mainly embodies on the supporting of ethic principle 、 causality and the flaw of legal appraisal ; secondly, the author studies the practice of the victim protection system of tang dynasty on the cases of tang dynasty ; lastly, the author studies the evaluation of the victim protection system of tang dynasty
主要從唐代保辜制度體現了儒家「德禮之治」的思想、唐代保辜制度體現了唐代立法者對刑事科學孜孜不倦的追求、唐代保辜制度體現了唐代立法化解社會矛盾的高超技巧、唐代保辜制度蘊涵著刑法謙抑思想不自覺的萌芽、唐代保辜制度的不合理成分以及唐代保辜制度的啟示六個方面，力圖對唐代保辜制度作出恰切中肯的評價。 -
The thesis constructs the system of civil compensate for environmental damage resulting from gene pollution in some aspects, such as liability principal, constitutive requirements, compensation principle, compensation range, compensation mode and certification of causality. the thesis thinks that some rules from traditional environmental tort should apply to environmental tort resulting from gmos, including no - fault liability, inferred causality and the inversion of the burden of proof. the thesis indicates china should found the funds for prevention of gene risk and create the system of funds for prevention of gene risk in some aspects, such as the mission of funds, resource of funds and operation of funds
最後，本文認為，與傳統污染相比，基因污染有隱蔽性、增殖性、不可清除性和後果的不確定性等特點;基於風險防範原則和污染者負擔原則，從責任主體、構成要件、賠償原則、賠償范圍、賠償的類型、因果關系的鑒定等方面創造性地構建了gmos導致的環境損害民事賠償制度，主張傳統環境侵權中的無過錯責任原則、因果關系的推定和舉證責任的倒置等也應適用於gmos導致的環境侵權;鑒于傳統民事侵權賠償救濟的種種局限，本文強烈主張構建gmos損害賠償社會化救濟機制，即成立基因風險防範基金，並從基金的用途或任務、基金的來源和基金的具體運作等方面開拓性地建構了基因風險防範基金制度的雛形，設計了基因風險防範基金的兩個配套制度，即基因稅制和gmos強制責任保險制度。 -
There are four requirements for liability for conclusion of a contract : a ) one party violates the previous contract obligation ; b ) the party violated obligation is at fault ; c ) the aggrieved party suffers losses ; d ) there is causality between the behavior which violates obligation and the losses. the form to bear liability for conclusion of a contract is to compensate for losses, and the scope of compensation will be different according to the applying scope. the liability for conclusion of a contract ca n ' t be exempted because of force majeure, bu t when the force majeure occurs, abiding by the principle of fairness seems to be more accordant with fairness, good faith and original intention of legislation of liability for conclusion of a contract
需具備四個構成要件，即締約人一方違反先合同義務，違反先合同義務的一方有過錯，受害人受有損失，違反先合同義務的行為與受害人之損失有因果關系。承擔締約責任的方式是損害賠償，並因適用范圍的不同，賠償的范圍也有差異。但是，不可抗力不可以構成締約責任的免責事由，當發生不可抗力時，適用公平責任似乎更符合公平、誠實信用及締約責任的立法原意。 -
This paper mainly deals with the research of the probability knowledge expressing method and reasoning computation principle about dynamic causality diagram brought forward by pro. qingzhang
本論文主要對于張勤教授所提出的動態因果圖的概率知識表達方式和推理計算原理進行了深入探討。
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