production expenditure 中文意思是什麼

production expenditure 解釋
生產費用
  • production : n 1 生產，產生；【物理學】（粒子的）生成；製造；（電影的）攝制；（戲劇的）演出；著作。2 產品，製...
  • expenditure : n. 1. （時間、勞力、金錢等的）支出，花費。2. 消費；開銷；費用，經費。3. 支出額，消費額。
  1. Hence fluctuation of production value was recognized as the key of the evolve of industrial structure. in very long time, and the industry will be placed in the period in consumer sovereignty market, in this period, production value is decided by some market factors, such as consumer favoritism coefficient of the product, and the share of the sum essential expenditure in the citizen ' s total income

    從長遠的角度來看，大多數部門終將處于消費者主權的時期，所以產值主要由消費者偏好、該產業的必須消費額占收入比重等市場需求因素決定。在短期和一般長期內，消費者偏好，和該產業必須消費額占收入比重可以認為是恆量，則此時，產值的變動主要取決于要素的邊際生產力的變化。
  2. Board of directors ; the venture ' s development plans, proposals for production and business operations. the budget for revenues and expenditure, the distribution of profits. the plans concerning manpower and wages

    董事會，企業發展規劃，生產經營活動方案，收支預算，利潤分配，勞動工資計劃
  3. In short or long time, consumer favoritism coefficient of the product, and the share of the sum essential expenditure in the citizen ' s total income may be recognized as constant, the margin productivity of product essentials become the key factor of fluctuation of production value

    本文首先依據經濟控制論的原理分別建立於「長遠時間內」 、 「短期」和「長期」的產值時間序列函數，然後得出產業結構的時間序列函數，分析產值調整的具體過程，並對庫茲涅茨的結論進行了一般性的解釋。
  4. The impacts of other price - distorting institutions and policies, including tax, domestic support, logistics expenses, exchange rate were also discussed on a comparison base between china and usa : china ' s tax and local non - tax charges imposed on corn production total a distortion of 15 % of the " practical cost " since 1998, while us ' s tax, insurance expenditure and land total a distortion of 25 % of her " practical cost " ; us ' s domestic support has substantially lowered her domestic price while the protective - price policy taken by china since 1993 helped boost her domestic price, which made a negative impacts on chinese corn ' s price competitiveness

    在長期內，考慮到主要要素價格的上漲趨勢，我國玉米現實成本和美國現實成本的膠著狀態不會維持多久，前景堪憂；中美兩國主產區玉米成本的對比表明目前我國主產區玉米的可比成本比之於美國的主產區heanland尚有一定優勢，現實成本也是具有優勢的。降低我國成本外支出和稅收的水平可以在一定程度上緩解現實成本的競爭壓力；美國的國內支持措施體系使得其國內玉米價格經常處于生產成本之下。
  5. Other than expenses of a domestic or private nature and capital expenditure, wholly, exclusively and necessarily incurred in the production of the assessable income

    支出及開支。但屬家庭性質或私人性質的開支以及資本開支，則不能扣除。
  6. The expenditure of the local governments includes mainly the administrative expenses and various operating expenses at the level of local governments, expenditure for supporting rural production, expenditure for city maintenance and construction and expenditure for price subsidies, etc

    地方財政支出主要包括地方行政管理和各項事業費，地方統籌的基本建設、技術改造支出，支援農村生產支出，城市維護和建設經費，價格補貼支出等。
  7. Investigating from the component of the cost, the expenditure of the labor share about 60 % in the total cost. the result also tells us the production of the china ' s oil crops is labor - intensive, and the degree of the mechanization is very low. using the method of econometrical, the technical efficiency ( te ), the resources allocation efficiency ( ae ) and economy efficiency ( ee ) are calculated for each main province from 1993 to 1998

    從我國油料作物生產投入的成本結構來看，我國油料作物的生產成本中勞動力的投入占據了較大的比重，平均在60的水平；而就是在較小比例物質費用的投入當中，以種子、肥料、農藥為主的直接費用又佔有85以上的比例，代表機械化程度的間接費用（資本折舊費、農具修理費等）只佔有很小的一部分比例。
  8. The average consumption per capita in china was less than 14 % of average consumption level in world, its expenditure merely accounted for 5. 2 % of the whole food consumption expenditure, and the main consumption areas were large cities. milk production was characterized by miniature, low efficiency and low - level

    中國的奶類消費主要集中在大中城市， 2003年人均消費量不足世界平均水平的14 % ，其人均消費支出也不高，奶類的主要消費群體城鎮居民的人均奶類消費支出只佔人均食品消費支出的5 . 2 % 。
  9. They are agricultural productive materials price growth rate, sown area of grain crops growth rate, grain yield per area growth rate -, natural disaster covered grain areas growth rate, net grain import change rate, grain reserve change rate, population growth rate, per income growth rate, city and town population growth rate, food industry production value growth rate, year - end pig number growth rate, medical & pharmaceutical and textile industry production value growth rate, grain marketization degree, inflation rate using the previous year as base year ( preceding year = 100 ), public grain purchases price growth rate, investment in agricultural science and technology growth rate, investment in agricultural infrastructure growth rate, growth rate of graduates number from agriculture, forestry, science & technology universities and colleges and specialized secondary schools, government expenditure for agriculture and agricultural credit growth rate, international grain price growth rate, rmb exchange rate growth rate, last grain price growth rate, economic crop price growth rate, meanwhile, a new method is attempted to be used in this paper and the grain price early - warning problem is transformed into machine learning problem by introducing statistic learning theory and svm method which are gaining popularity in machine learning field at present in the world

    在此基礎上，篩選出23個警兆指標：農用生產資料價格增長率、糧食播種面積增長率、糧食單產增長率、糧食受災面積增長率、糧食凈進口量變化率、糧食儲備變動率、人口增長率、人均收入增長率、城鎮人口增長率、食品工業產值增長率、豬年末頭數增長率、醫藥紡織工業產值增長率、糧食市場化程度、以上年為基年的通貨膨脹率、國家糧食定購價格增長率、農業科技投入增長率、農業基礎設施投入增長率、農、林、科技高校大、中專畢業生人數增長率、財政支農資金比重及農業信貸增長率、國際糧食市場價格增長率、人民幣匯率增長率、上期糧食價格增長率、經濟作物價格增長率。同時論文在預警方法上作了新的嘗試，把糧食價格預警問題轉換成一個機器學習問題，引進當前國際上機器學習領域中比較熱門的統計學習理論和支持向量機方法，用順序回歸演算法對歷史數據進行學習建立了糧食價格預警模型。
  10. Based on the characteristics and connotation of forest ecosystem services, the physical and value assessment methods, including market value method, shadow engineering price method, production cost method, opportunity cost method and administering expenditure method, were used to evaluate forest ecosystem services in yashushan natural reserve

    摘要根據福建寧化牙梳山自然保護區森林生態系統的特徵和森林生態系統服務功能的內涵，採用物質量和價值量相結合的評價方法，使用市場價值法、影子工程價格法、生產成本法、機會成本法、治理費用法等定量評價了寧化牙梳山自然保護區森林生態系統服務功能經濟價值。
  11. The main conclusion is that ( 1 ) china ' s acm is incomplete, therefore, the market equilibrium is in low level ; ( 2 ) the operating scale, the income and property, the product investment, the cash expenditure of education and medical treatment are the main factors that affect the credit demand of households in rural china ; ( 3 ) the asymmetry information, the high transaction cost and the lack of effective supply institutes are the main factors that lead to low efficiency of china ' s acm ; and ( 4 ) the agricultural credit has the positive effect on china ' s agricultural production factors demand and agricultural output, consequently, the agricultural credit is the main factor that restrain the increase of agricultural output and agricultural development

    本文的基本結論是：中國農業信貸市場正處在發育的初級階段，市場機制仍不完善，農業信貸市場處于「低水平均衡」狀態；農戶是中國農業信貸需求的主體，農戶經營規模、農戶收入和財產狀況、農戶生產投資規模以及教育、醫療等大額現金支出是影響農戶借貸需求的主要因素；非對稱信息、高交易成本、有效供給制度缺乏是造成農業信貸市場低效率的重要因素；中國農業信貸投入對農業投入要素的需求具有正向影響，即增加農業信貸供給，將會提高農業投入要素的需求水平，進而增加中國農業產出，促進農業長期發展。
  12. A stochastic endogenous growth model of public expenditure with effects of welfare and production

    具有生產性與福利性公共支出的隨機內生增長模型
  13. After that, various alternative scenarios are formulated on consumption expenditure, price of feedstuff, production technology, transportation cost, tariffs and etc, and simulated by gams. the comparison between base scenario and modeling results of various alternative scenarios shows that various policy variables have an effect on the meat supply, demand and trade flows among regions, which influences the national meat market in china

    接著，基於從供給、需求和流通三個方面考慮對中國肉產品市場空間均衡格局的影響，並根據居民肉產品消費支出、飼料價格、生產技術、運輸費用、關稅和世界其同國家肉產品產量和需求量等相關變量的變化設立各種政策方案，並進行模擬。
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