proof by facts 中文意思是什麼
proof by facts
解釋
事實證明-
As the important constituent of the presumption rule, fact presumption is a rule of when the fact prove falls into the difficult position, according to the deduction by the common sense, the judge forms a temporarily inner conviction to the factum probandum under the proof standard, and shifts the subjective burden of proof between the litigants, thus helps the part to overcome the condition of facts prove
作為事實認定的重要組成部分，事實推定是裁判者在案件事實的證明陷入困境時，根據經驗法則進行推理，在證明標準之下，暫時形成對案件待證事實的心證，並在當事人之間轉移主觀證明責任，從而避免訴訟陷入僵局，排除當事人舉證困難的證明法則。 -
The models of the stock price fluctuation is a mathematics model discribing the fluctuation of the stock price, it is all along the question financial scholars research over a long period of time, the models existing at present are mainly the model of randonm walk and the model of lognormal distribution etc. economists analyse the two models by authentic proof, which indicates that this two models do not fully qualify the actual stock market. in view of the above - mentioned facts, at the time some scholar have studied a new model of the stock price that even conforms to the actual stock market - that is the model of lognormal distribution
股票價格波動模型是用於描述股票價格波動的數學模型，一直是金融學者們長期研究的問題。目前存在的模型主要有隨機遊走模型、對數正態模型等，鑒于股價波動的隨機遊走模型和對數正態模型均經過實證分析，表明不完全符合現實的股票市場，目前理論研究者提出一種更符合實際股票市場的股價模型-股價波動源模型（文[ 5 ]的作者將股價異常變化帶來的短期收益率函數附加在幾何brown運動上，推廣了對數正態模型）及研究出了另一種混合形式下（見文[ 15 ] ）的期權定價方程。 -
Chapter iii makes an introduction to the effect on the marine insurance by the implementation of ism code. the ism code affects the assured ' s duty of disclosure, as well as the implied warranty of seaworthiness in hull insurance, the scope of material facts, cargo insurance, and the effect on insurers " proof. in liability insurance, p & l clubs made code compliance a condition of cover
第三章介紹了ism規則實施對海上保險的影響，規則對被保險人的告知義務、默示保證，重要情況的認定、貨物保險及保險人舉證方面產生了影響，在責任險方面，符合規則規定將是保賠協會作為承保責任險的條件。
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