pseudogenes 中文意思是什麼
pseudogenes
解釋
（假基因）：由原始活性基因突變引起的基因組中穩定但不活潑的成分。-
Once consigned to the genomic junk pile, however, pseudogenes are released from this selection pressure and are free to accumulate all kinds of mutations, including changes that would be deleterious to normal genes
然而一旦劃分到基因組垃圾堆后，偽基因就不再受天擇的壓力，各式各樣的突變都會累積下來，包括那些會損害正常基因的改變。 -
Lancet and his colleagues found in studies of apes, monkeys and other distant primate cousins that the greatest loss of olfactory receptor genes ? that is, the greatest increase in or pseudogenes ? occurred in ape and monkey lineages that evolved the ability to see color in three wavelengths of visible light
藍賽特的團隊在研究猿、猴和其他靈長類遠親的嗅覺受體基因時發現，最多嗅覺基因喪失（也就是最多嗅覺偽基因形成）的時期，剛好也是猿類和猴類演化出看見光線中三種波長顏色的能力之時。 -
“ false ” genes, which look like real genes but have no apparent function, were first recognized and dubbed pseudogenes during the late 1970s, when early gene hunters began trying to pinpoint the chromosomal locations associated with production of important molecules
1970年代末期，找尋基因的人想在染色體上找出一些重要分子的編碼位置，卻發現了這些看起來就像是真的基因、卻又沒有明顯功能的序列，因而將它們命名為偽基因。 -
Pseudogenes may analogously be vestiges of old code associated with defunct routines, but they also constitute a fascinating record contained within the overall program of how it has grown and diversified over time
不過，在這些舊程式碼中，卻隱藏了一些有趣的記錄，可以告訴我們基因組在悠遠的演化史中，擴增且變得多樣化的歷程。 -
In fact, humans have considerably more olfactory receptor pseudogenes than chimpanzees do, indicating that we lost many of those functional genes after our split from the ape lineage
事實上，人類嗅覺受體偽基因要比黑猩猩多出許多，顯示我們在演化之路與猿類分道揚鑣后，就失去了許多功能性嗅覺受體基因。 -
Comparisons of pseudogenes in related genomes can nonetheless reveal important information about the history of specific genes and the general workings of molecular evolution
然而比較相近生物基因組的偽基因，卻可揭露特定基因和一般分子演化的重要資訊。 -
Apes, however, have a higher proportion of olfactory receptor pseudogenes ( 30 to 40 percent of the or family ) than rodents or dogs do, suggesting that some influence has allowed the entire ape lineage to get by with a somewhat reduced sense of smell
而猿類嗅覺受體偽基因的比率約?嗅覺受體基因家族的30 ~ 40 % ，又比?齒類或犬類來得高，顯示有一些因素，使得所有猿類即使嗅覺不再那麼靈敏，卻仍能繼續存活。 -
Those responsible for basic cellular housekeeping functions, such as the genes in the ribosomal protein family, are abundantly expressed, providing more opportunities to create processed pseudogenes
那些負責細胞基本功能的基因（像是核糖體蛋白質基因）活動頻繁，有比較多的機會產生加工型偽基因。 -
These observations indicate that very disparate events have led to independent bursts of retrotransposition that created pseudogenes in each of the lineages
這項觀察顯示，各種不同的機緣導致獨立的反轉錄移位，而造就兩種生物世系各自不同的偽基因。 -
Scientists can use this tendency to derive a kind of molecular clock from the nucleotide changes in pseudogenes and use it to study the overall dynamics and evolution of the genome
科學家可以利用偽基因核苷酸的變化做為分子時鐘，並藉以研究整個基因組的變遷和演化。 -
However, marked high transition / transversion was found on loop e. this could be caused by the presence of pseudogenes. in the spacer region, elements related to tra
長度差異體現在基因間隔區，而基因區極端保守， 「基本為120hp 。 -
Our group has surveyed pseudogenes in the genomes of many forms of life, ranging from bacteria to more complex organisms, such as yeast, worms, flies and mice, and their prevalence across a wide range of creatures is striking
我們研究團隊檢視了多種生物的偽基因，從細菌到酵母菌、線蟲、果蠅、小鼠等較復雜的生物；在各種生物的基因組中，偽基因所?的比例高到引人注意。 -
Tracking the evolutionary path of genes and pseudogenes helps molecular biologists to uncover instances of gene birth and death just as the study of mineral fossils tells paleontologists about the creation and extinction of species
追蹤基因和偽基因的演化路徑，讓分子生物學家得以了解基因的出生和死亡，就像古生物學家利用化石來推斷物種的誕生和滅絕一樣。 -
What is more, some of the specific gene families giving rise to pseudogenes differ significantly between mouse and human
除此之外，一些特定的基因家族形成偽基因的情形，在人和鼠之間也有明顯的差異。 -
Using the rate of sequence decay relative to the parent genes to determine their age, it is also clear that many pseudogenes in the human and mouse genomes have arisen at different times
科學家利用偽基因相對于原基因的損毀率來判定它們的形成年代，結果發現人類和小鼠許多偽基因都是在不同時期形成的。
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