real rate of interest 中文意思是什麼
real rate of interest
解釋
真實利率-
And we come to the following conclusions : ( 1 ) looked from the returns ratio target that, all funds achievement are better than the market datum combination ’ s in the sample time, but the funds overall achievement is inferior to interest rate ; ( 2 ) after the modification of the risk factor, our mutual funds outguess the market ; ( 3 ) there is not enough evidence that indicate that chinese security investment funds have choosing ability in the market opportunity and choosing ability in the security. ( 4 ) the achievement in the past of the fund can not represent market manifestation in the future of the fund. this article innovation mainly has following several aspects : ( 1 ) have established the overall target of a appraisal fund achievement and gone on the real example to analyze with the mathematics model, having solved the inconsistency problem of appraising the result of many kinds of
在此背景下，本文希望通過借鑒國外對基金業績評價方面的經驗，結合我國的國情嘗試盡可能真實的、多角度分析我國證券投資基金在不同市場時期的業績特點，如投資基金的回報及其承擔的風險，基金經理的擇時能力和選股能力究竟怎樣，基金業績是否具有持續性等等，為基金投資者、監管者、基金管理公司以及基金的發展提供一些參考，以引導社會資源更多地流向擁有理性投資理念、資產管理能力出色的基金管理公司，實現資源的優化配置，進而推動市場投資理念走向成熟。 -
The mci consisted of a weighted sum of real interest rate, real exchange rate and real credit growth
貨幣狀況指數是指實質利率實質匯率及實質信貸增長的加權總和。 -
The assumed value is stable throughout the policy period and is determined by the type of the insurance product and its policy duration, etc. this assumption does not reflect the fluctuation and the trend of the actual interest rate, and may create discrepancy between the real value and the assumed value
因此，在這種方式下的準備金估計無法反映出利率的波動和趨勢變化特性，從而往往會產生較大的準備金差額。情景模擬和分析方法（ scenarioanalysis ）是目前最常用的準備金評估方法之一。 -
Second, we select appropriate variables according to the monetary policy transmission mechanism, monetary indicator and the mutual correlationship between the monetary policy and real estate market. we choose corresponding data represented the loan, money supply and interest rate as monetary indicator. and we collect commercial house sales amount and zhongfang housing sales price index of shanghai as the represented variables in china real estate market
而後根據貨幣政策傳導的機理、貨幣政策中介目標的理論研究和房地產市場與貨幣政策的關聯機制，選擇了較為合適的數據代表信貸、貨幣供應量和利率作為貨幣政策的中介目標，房地產市場商品房銷售額，與中房上海住宅銷售價格指數作為中國房地產市場的代表變量。 -
The favourable effects on exports, income and employment of the deflation - induced, accumulative fall in the real effective exchange rate will more than compensate for the depressing effects on consumption and investment of deflation - induced high real interest rates
由通縮引起的實質港元匯率的累計跌幅對出口收入及就業所帶來的有利影響，足以抵銷由通縮引起的實質利率上升所造成遏抑消費與投資的影響。 -
It also studies the causes of the checkout and the flexibility of employment result. it concludes that the increase of the economy is not the granger cause of nominal employment growth, that is to say, the increase of economy in china doesn ’ t promote of the nominal employment. the decline of the nominal employment elasticity from 1999 is not only because of the improvement of technology, the imbalance of the industry structure, transformation of system and the policy of interest rate, but also because of the inexact statistic data which makes the real employment underestimated
本文首先利用1978年至2003年的有關數據對我國經濟增長與名義就業的關系作了分析:根據有關計量經濟學理論，對數據作了平穩性檢驗、協整檢驗和格蘭傑因果檢驗，用建立回歸模型的方法測算出名義就業彈性，並對檢驗結果和就業彈性測算結果作了原因解析，認為我國的經濟增長不是名義就業增長的格蘭傑原因，即我國的經濟增長沒有促進名義就業的增長，我國的名義就業彈性自1990年以來呈下降趨勢，其原因除了技術進步、產業結構失衡、體制轉軌和利率政策外，還有由於統計的原因使得真實的就業增長被低估。 -
Last year we expanded access to real time gross settlement and implemented the first phase in the deregulation of the remaining interest rate rules
在2000年，我們擴大即時支付結算系統的適用范圍，並推行全面撤銷利率規則的首階段工作。 -
Structure financial instrument includes commercial mortgage - backed securities ( cmbs ), asset - backed securities ( abs ), real estate investment trusts ( reit ), and residential mortgage - backed securities ( cmbs ). according the research report of us, most of abs and mbs is floating interest rate, and credit rate is aaa and duration is short term. also, the structure of abs and mbs are different with different client requirement of cash flow
在美國金融市場上的結構化金融產品包括個人住房貸款抵押支持證券（ rmbs ） 、商業貸款抵押支持證券（ cmbs ） 、債務抵押債券（ cdo ）和資產支持證券（ abs ） ，而abs主要包括信用卡應收賬款支持證券（ creditcardabs ） 、汽車貸款支持證券（ autoabs ） 、學生貸款支持證券（ studentloanabs ）和家庭財產支持證券（ homeequityloanabs ）等。 -
In general, these studies are primarily based on the theories of financial restraint and financial deepening initiated by r. i. mckinnon and e. s. shaw, either stressing the urgency of china ’ s interest rate liberalization, its international experience, target orientation, mode selection, sequencing, conditional creation, risk control and the transformation of the monetary policy conduction mechanism, or such problems as the effect of reform on each economic party, positive examination of the real interest rate, savings mobilization, investment quality, relativity between the variables in economic growth as well as the interest rate sensibility in economic sectors of different ownerships
總的看來，這些研究基本上以麥金農和肖所開創的金融抑制?金融深化理論為依據，或是側重於討論我國利率市場化改革的必要性迫切性、國際經驗、目標定位、模式選擇、次序安排、條件創造、風險控制以及貨幣政策傳導機制的改造等問題，或是側重於分析改革對各個經濟行為主體的影響，再者就是實證考察實際利率、儲蓄動員、投資質量、經濟增長各個變量之間的相關性和不同所有制經濟部門的利率敏感性。 -
The demand for financial resources is determined by the size of capital investments and the real interest rate, as well as by the general level of economic activity in the country
對金融資源的需求除了取決於一國經濟發展水平外，還受投資規模和真實利率的影響。 -
Interest risk in pricing of life insurance product is defined as the loss probability resulting from unfavorable variation of real investment return rate of life insurance capital from policy ordered fixed credit interest rate
本論文的研究對象是壽險定價利率風險，壽險定價利率風險是指壽險資金實際收益率與保單預定利率之不利偏差引起的虧損的可能性。 -
Monetary policy which was used as a very important instrument in making the stability of currency and improving the macroeconomy had became popularity in the world since 1960 ' s. the main functions of monetary policy include adjusting the behaviour of real economy during the equilibrium by special instruments of fmance, raising the rate of growth. however, with the development of financial innovation, great changes have taken place in the whole financial system, the way of financial organization, the relation between currency and macroeconomy, etc. these changes have made the operation of conventional monetary policy lose its theoretical foundation and premise, so the effect of monetary policy on real economy has weakened. therefore, the developed countries gradually shift their target which aimed at interest rate or money supply into the target of inflation in the late of 1980 ' s, this new phenomenon bring informations and experiences to the developing countires during their fiancial innovation
然而，隨著金融創新的不斷發展，整個金融體系以及各金融行為主體的行為方式，貨幣與宏觀經濟之間內在的相關關系等都發生了深刻的變化，使得傳統貨幣政策操作失去了應有的前提和依據，從而使貨幣政策的作用效果不斷減弱。因此，在20世紀80年代後期，發達國家開始調整其貨幣政策，突出表現在：貨幣中介目標隨金融創新而不斷變化，逐步放棄了以利率或貨幣供應量作為中介指標，並建立了以通貨膨脹調控為目標的貨幣政策。這給包括我國在內的向市場經濟轉變的發展中國家貨幣政策的變革與創新提供了新的經驗。 -
Difficulties arose in measuring the real interest rate, the real effective exchange rate, and credit stance, as well as in estimating the relative weights of the component variables
當中困難在於如何量度實質利率實質有效匯率及信貸政策的松緊度，以及如何估算各組成變數的相對權數。 -
The dissertation tests statistically the real effect of monetary aggregate as the intermediate target of chinese monetary policy and the role of interest rate in current monetary policy framework. furthermore, the dissertation demonstrates the directive significance of inflation targeting to chinese monetary policy by analyzing chinese financial structure and mechanism of monetary policy
論文最後檢驗了貨幣供應量作為中國貨幣政策中介目標的實際效果和利率在現行貨幣政策框架中發揮的作用，並通過分析中國的金融結構和貨幣政策傳導機制，論證了「通貨膨脹目標制度」對于中國貨幣政策框架調整所具有的借鑒意義。 -
However, developers will still push the real estate investment 20 percent plus higher although the policy of cooling down the redhot sector will remain valid such as strict control on demolition, difficult access to credit, and more implementation of land control policy. this, plus the effect of the interest rate hike last october, is expected to work
石家莊到太原線路由石家莊運輸總公司河北省高客公司石家莊裕通有限公司聯合運營，是近年來石家莊高速客運市場首次批量換車，作為石家莊運輸市場的形象工程，市委市政府對此線路的改造非常重視，對投入運營的車輛要求相當嚴格。 -
The positive analysis of china ' s economic growth effect caused by the fluctuations of the real saving interest rate
實際存款利率變化對我國經濟增長效應實證分析 -
Perhaps of greater interest to the market now are the market expectations that the renminbi exchange rate will appreciate towards 7. 80, again, not because there is anything of real significance about that other auspicious number, but because of the market perception of it as a psychological level similar to the number eight
目前人們更感興趣的可能是市場預期人民幣匯率或會升至人民幣7 . 80元兌1美元，原因同樣不是這個水平有甚麼特別之處，而是市場相信它是八算以外另一個心理關口。 -
The real rate of interest paid on bank deposits is negative and lending rates are far too low for such a fast - growing economy
為銀行存款支付的實際利息率是負數，而貸款利率對于這樣快速增長的經濟來說太低了。 -
In the active finance system and credit manipulate mode, the real estate finance organizations have to face the risk of credit, the risk of interest rate, the risk of fluidity and the risk in the policy and laws. the risk cannot be released via the active system, so the finance organizations have not so much promptings to enlarge the load for the housing
在現行的金融體制及信貸操作方式下，房地產金融機構面臨的信用風險、利率風險、流動性風險和政策法律方面的風險難以通過有效的機制和適當的途徑加以釋放，使得這些金融機構缺乏擴大發放住房貸款的制度激勵。 -
Second, based on the analysis of the underlying assumptions of the mundell - fleming model and the current government control of interest rates and foreign currencies, the paper points out the necessity to improve the mundell - fleming model according to the real conditions of the current chinese macro - economy, and thus to improve the independence and effectiveness of the monetary policy under a fixed exchange rate regime
第二，通過對比分析蒙代爾?弗萊明模型所隱含的假設前提與我國目前存在的利率管制及外匯管制的客觀現實，指出有必要根據我國宏觀經濟的客觀經濟對該模型進行適當改進，以此提高在釘住匯率制度下我國貨幣政策的獨立性和有效性。
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