research and development cost 中文意思是什麼

research and development cost 解釋
研究和發展成本
  • research : n. 1. 仔細搜索 （for, after）。2. 〈常 pl. 〉研究，調查，探測；追究。vt. ,vi. 追究；調查，研究 （sth. , into sth. ）。
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • development : n. 1. 發展，發達；進化。2. 展開；擴充；開發。3. 發達物，新事物，發展階段。4. 【生物學】發育（史）；【軍，數】展開；【攝影】顯影，顯像；【音樂】展開（部）；研製，研製成果。
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  1. Be in new start " five - year plan " in developing the strategy, have two serious content : it is collaboration of as strong as the world look forward to, produce chinese textile advantage and international brand advantage adequately, integrated industry catenary, promote additional cost ; 2 it is with courtyard the college cooperates, establish center of dress research and development, build system of design of perfect research and development, production, sale, service, with " the design leads vogue, production to make sure character, sale develops the market, service to gain reputation " develop new idea, new target for the enterprise, with " deal with concrete matters relating to work, dovish, innovation, surmount " for business concept, strive for become industry celebrity, establish image of company of the chinese nation hard, make international top - ranking famous brand

    在新啟動的「五年計劃」發展戰略中，有兩項重要內容：一是與世界強企合作，充分發揮中國紡織品優勢與國際品牌優勢，整合產業鏈，提升附加值；二是與大院高校合作，設立服裝研發中心，建立完善的研發設計、生產、營銷、服務體系，以「設計引領時尚、生產保證品質、營銷開拓市場、服務贏得信譽」為企業發展新概念、新目標，以「務實、穩健、創新、超越」為企業理念，爭取成為行業翹楚，努力樹立中華民族企業形象，打造國際一流名牌。
  2. At the same time, the company has revved up its investment on research and development - - a departure for a company long focused on cost - cutting

    與此同時，公司還加大了研發投資這對于長期以來一直很看重成本控制的廣達而言無疑是一個重大轉變。
  3. Contrary, product research and development is not to set out at the market, extortionary promote the product to the market, let the market get used to a product to be able to expend the cost of very great time and other factor so, also will surely not get the market approbate

    相反，產品研發不是出發於市場，硬要把產品推向市場，讓市場去適應產品這樣就會耗費很大的時間以及其他因素的成本，也未必能得到市場的認可。
  4. The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development, pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good ". without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere, the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities ", as a result, the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back. rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers. be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital, the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital, the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital, creditor ' s right capital, subcidy, at the same time, some other means, such as government purchase, credit guarantee, capital insurance, tax expenditure can promte private capital, is also important. in this part, the function of the above means, the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed. because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy, r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital, at last, a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital

    這部分論述從科技研發成果的「外溢性」入手，指出科技研發成果在不同程度上具有「公共品」性質，這種外溢性使得在純市場條件下，私人部門研發活動強度達不到社會資源配置最優的要求，也使風險投資項目來源不足， < wp = 6 >阻礙風險投資的發展。合理的政府財政支出政策可以使「外溢性」內部化。之後，論述了風險投資資本來源與政府財政支出政策的關系，由於風險投資尤其是其初期的高風險性，民間風險資本不足，應由政府以股權及債權投資、補助等財政直接支出方式彌補資本缺口，運用政府采購、財政擔保、保險、貼息、稅收優惠等間接支出方式，鼓勵民間資本進入風險投資領域也同樣重要。
  5. Wuxi hongqiao displays equipment factory is a professional company engaged in the production of advertisements supplies, technology companies have strong, well - equipped production, consistent : " customer first, the service first, quality first " principle of the operation, to the research and development of various advertising materials and supplies exhibition is easy to carry, disasse - mbly flexible and used repeatedly, cost savings and other features, creating the company s products, including portable yilabao, intensive outreach planes, three double, poster frames f information, and all kinds of exhibitions and eight trusses prism, the global festival, display cabinets, and the development of the tent, folding chairs and other tourist resorts and supplies

    無錫市鴻橋展覽展示器材廠是一家從事廣告展示用品生產的專業化公司，公司技術力量雄厚，生產設備精良，一貫堅持： 「客戶第一，服務第一，質量第一」的經營原則，自行研製和開發的各種廣告器材和展覽用品，具有攜帶方便，拆裝靈活，反復使用，節約成本等特點，公司主要產品有便攜式展具包括易拉寶拉網展架三面翻海報架資料架等，和展覽用的各種桁架系列舞臺系列展示櫃等。
  6. For years, chen wenfu and wang zhilin, two experts on video recorder and electronic technology, with huge cost consumption and painstaking research and development, have gained break - through fruit and then obtained 2004 national patent ( no. 03234703. 0 ) for their digital video recorder

    在影音專家及對電子科技有相當研究的陳文福、王志林兩位先生，多年來投入巨大成本、精心研發下，終于有了突破性的成果，並於2003年提出專利申請， 2004年取得中國國家專利03234703 . 0數碼錄像機，之後又持續改善研究，終于在2006年年底完成了第一臺可以商業化的樣機雛型。
  7. With a total cost of us $ 56 billion, a funding gap of at least us $ 31 billion still exists, including us $ 22 billion for implementation and us $ 9 billion for the research and development of new tools

    規劃所需要總經費約為560億美元，目前資金缺口至少為310億美元，其中包括220億美元的實施經費和90億美元的研究經費和開發新檢驗、藥物的經費。
  8. Computer aided design ( cad ), is a kind of modern design technology that helps designers to finish production design assignment speediness, high speed, high quality, low cost. the application of cad of our country is at primary prevalence stage, and at the same time faces to the challenge of global networking and informationing. the developing requirement of users puts forword new requests of the cad production, software enterprise and application level. users not only require integration cad / cae / cam / capp / pdm and so on, but also puts forword the request on the aspect of deleveloping software, that is the same essentiality of convenience of users and intelligentize, functionality, leveling. on this developing tendency, put forword " the research and development of the object - oriented intelligentize cad system ", by conceiving a opening, applied, object - oriented cad system, realize the intelligentizing of designing parts, to provide effective measure of integration of information. and aims to push the application of cad technology at home and the application of advanced design technology in modern manufacturing

    我國cad應用基本還在「甩圖板」階段，即初級普及cad階段，同時又面臨著全球網路化、信息化新的挑戰，用戶未來的發展需求對我們現在cad產品、軟體企業和應用水平都提出了新的要求，用戶不但要求集成cad cae cam capp pdm等一系列配套軟體產品，在軟體的開發方面提出了用戶方便性和軟體智能化與功能性並重的要求。在這種發展趨勢之下，我們提出了「面向對象的智能化cad系統的研究與開發」 ，通過構建一個開放的、實用的、面向對象的智能cad框架，實現企業零件設計的智能化，並為企業提供了信息集成的有效手段，以推進cad技術在國內的進一步應用和先進設計技術在現代製造業中的應用。
  9. " we intend to expand our laminate production capacity while maintaining our low - cost structure through efficiency improvements through our research and development efforts

    張先生續稱：公司銳意透過投入研發資源，在擴大生產規模的同時，保持低成本生產優勢。
  10. At first reviewing the history of strategy management ; on the basis of analyzing the external environment and industry competition situation of this enterprise and analyzing its advantages and disadvantages. internal abilities, the paper points out the suitable development strategy for this enterprise - - the single - crop farming strategy concentrating its attention on piston ' s research and development producing and selling ; it should take advantage of established market network and good reputation on brand and select the style of initiative attack market leader strategy as its basic strategy ; meanwhile, it suggests that the enterprise should cultivate its own new core competence in the field of the piston ' s researching & designing rely on japanese and german technique ; according to the specific product ' s marketing status, it should acquire and maintain competitive advantages by adopting the low cost strategy and differentia strategy on the different products ; quicken the product configuration adjustment, enlarge the productivity of diesel oil piston ; it should establish strategy cooperation partnership with those strong domestic and foreign main engine manufacture enterprises. finally, the paper gives suggestions on organization structure system innovation, human resource management and exploitation, market management, quality management, information construction in the course of the enterprise strategy being implemented

    首先回顧了戰略管理理論的發展演變歷程；然後通過對該公司的宏觀環境、行業競爭態勢以及企業的優劣勢、內部能力等方面的分析，在此基礎上提出了適合該企業發展的戰略? ?專注于活塞產品的研製、開發、生產、銷售的單一經營戰略；充分發揮企業現有的在營銷、品牌方面的優勢，選擇積極進攻類型的市場領先者戰略作為其基礎戰略；並且提出了依託來自日本和德國的先進技術，培育企業在活塞產品設計、開發方面的新的核心競爭力的思路；根據產品市場的具體狀況在不同的產品線上分別採取成本領先及差異化戰略獲取和保持競爭優勢；加快產品結構調整，擴張柴油機活塞的生產能力；與實力強大的國內外主機企業建立戰略協作夥伴關系；最後對企業戰略實施中的組織機構、制度創新、人力資源管理與開發、市場營銷管理、質量管理、信息化建設等重要問題提出了自己的見解和建議。
  11. By successful cases, it testifies that using quick response system will eliminate the effect of order quantity thoroughly, greatly shorten order distribution cycle, decrease cost and satisfy the require of customers by fast transport. the thesis also testifies that by using information technology to redesign the process of the entire research and development 、 production 、 sale and after service 、 manage all order process with computers and reconstruct order distribution process, corporations make the order distribution cycle become shorter than ago

    通過成功的企業案例證明採取快速反應系統將徹底消除批量效應，大大縮短了最終顧客訂貨配送周期，降低了費用，並通過高速運輸的方式滿足顧客訂貨要求；企業引入信息化技術，重新設計整個的研發、生產、銷售和售後服務的流程，對整個訂貨流程進行計算機化管理，改造訂貨配送流程，實現了訂貨配送周期的縮短。
  12. Firstly, the research and development situation of pneumatic servo system in recent years is summed up. meanwhile, the development history and present situation of interrelated control theory is reviewed. considering the cost and the capability of control of phcc servo system, high - speed on - off valves are used as control valves and controlled with pulse width modulation ( pwm ) in this system

    論文首先綜述了近年來氣壓伺服系統的研究和發展狀況，考慮到氣液聯控伺服系統的成本和控制的可能性，確定採用氣液高速開關閥作為系統的控制閥，應用脈寬調制（ pwm ， pulsewidthmodulation ）方法進行控制。
  13. Tell in more wide - meaning, the introduction of ict simulation supplies a virtual digital platform, which has the functions of accelerating research and reducing cost in the development of ict equipment and in the researches and application based on ict, and also has the significant theory researching sense and economic value

    從更廣泛的意義上來說， ict模擬這項技術的引入，提供了一個數字化的虛擬平臺，無論對ict設備的研製開發，還是基於ict的各種研究和應用都起著加速研究進度、降低研究成本的作用，具有重要的理論研究意義和應用及經濟價值。
  14. By contrast, diabetes receives six times more money for research and development even though its estimated cost to a society ' s productiveness is about one - third of that of malaria

    與之對比，糖尿病就得到了六倍多的經費用來研究和發展，即使估計這些經費對于社會的贏利性只有瘧疾的三分之一。
  15. Through continuing research and development, rehau consistently delivers cost - effective products designed with the environment in mind

    通過不斷的研究和發展，瑞好堅持為客戶提供按照環保要求而設計的兼具有高性價比的產品。
  16. We should use this chance, establish an appropriate strategy and improve the innovation abilities of corporations. the long - term strategic target is to use about 10 years to complete the research for new medicines and then shift to " independent research and development " ; to be in the top level of the world for innovative research and development of new technology and new products in the biopharmaceutical industry ; to make china become the leading center for biotech innovation ; to set up an innovative mechanism with corporations to be the core body and relevant to the international competing situation and self developing disciplines of modern corporations ; to bring up a batch of entities with competing capacities in the market and independent exploitation abilities ; to be a leading country with great power in biotech industry. joint exploitation, improvement and innovation, dividing market into even smaller fractions, and cost minimization are the main conditions for realizing the strategic target

    本論文從分析國內外生物技術企業的發展環境和發展特點入手，闡述我國生物技術企業加強科技創新的重要性和可行性，結合國情現狀研究我國生物技術企業的科技創新戰略，提出我國醫藥生物技術產業的長期戰略目標應該是「用十年左右的時間，完成新藥研究向"自主研發"的轉移，在新技術、新產品的創新性研發方面躋身世界醫藥生物技術產業的領先行列，將中國建設成為世界一流的生物技術創新中心，建立健全以企業為核心的適應國際醫藥競爭形勢和現代企業自身發展規律的技術創新運行機制體系，培養一批具有市場競爭力和自主開發能力的骨幹創新實體，成為世界生物技術產業強國" 。
  17. “ therelatively higher price of the newly running high speed bullet train is due to a series of factors ， such as the state ofthe art technology ， enormous cost on research and development ， fastspeedandsuperior service experience. however ， the railway department will consider about the reduction of the fare according to market demand fluctuation. ” re - marked wang yongping ， the spokesman from the railwaydepartment

    鐵道部新聞發言人王勇平昨日表示，剛剛開行的時速為200公里及以上動車組的票價比其他列車要貴一些，與動車組本身的技術含量高、投入成本大、時速快、服務優質等因素有關，鐵道部將根據市場規律，考慮今後票價的下浮問題。
  18. According to the theory of “ replacing the costly systemic circulation with the frequent tiny loop ”, the research and development system of the new products of shuangli carries out the changing design idea and the modularized design method to meet an emergency of transient market opportunity and offer each client a competitive product of individual character with higher quality and lower cost at any time

    雙力新品研發系統按照「用更頻繁的小循環來取代代價昂貴的大循環」的理念，貫徹變型設計思想和模塊化設計方法，快速應變稍縱即逝的市場機遇，隨時為一切用戶提供客戶化低成本高品質的個性精品。
  19. Located at sungei buloh and built at a cost of rm20 million, the oyl research and development centre has 11 test rooms to simulate various test conditions from the intense heat and humidity of a desert to the freezing environment

    奧維爾研究與開發中心的承建成本達2千萬零吉，它設有11所測試間，測試噪音級和各類的模擬測試包括從沙漠的強烈酷熱和濕氣至凝結冰塊超冷環境的測試。
  20. Although a simply constructed scanning - electron - microscope ( sem ) - based e - beam writer can not be on a par with the commercially available multi - million - dollar e - beam writers, it offers a cost - effective solution for the research and development laboratories

    在新元件研發過程中，往往希望能在短時間內不需光罩就可以作成奈米結構，電子束曝光技術提供了一套很適合這目的的解決方案。
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