residual cost 中文意思是什麼
residual cost
解釋
殘余成本-
Early in the thirties of the last century, the western economists began the study on dividend policy. there were three groups, the left, the right and the center. le ftist advocated low dividend, rightist maintained high dividend and center did not think dividend policy is relevant to enterprise valuation, they were called classical theory, later on, they have developed into modern dividend theory, including residual dividend theory, clientele effect theory, ownership structure theory, agency theory, signaling theory and transaction cost theory, etc.
早在上世紀三十年代，西方經濟學家就開始了對股利政策的研究，形成了主張低股利的「左派」 、主張高股利的「右派」及認為股利高低與企業價值無關的「中間派」 ，其中前二者稱為股利相關論，後者稱為股利無關論，三者共同構成古典股利理論。 -
In the leach - new protocol, the mainly improvement of the leach protocol exhibits as follow : for the sake of balancing the network load, the network choose the clusters based on the residual energy ; we take multi - hop communication between sensors instead of single - hop communication, which results in the reduction of energy consumption of clusters ; the new protocol finds the path to the cluster head with the minimum cost, using an algorithm similar to flooding to propagate the cost information and greedy algorithm to find the lowest cost link ; the algorithm for assigning tdma time slot reduces overall delays of network
在leach - new協議中，對leach協議的改進主要體現在以下幾個方面:根據節點剩餘能量選擇簇頭，以平衡網路負載;節點間採用多跳路由，降低簇頭能量消耗;節點根據能量消耗的代價來選擇至簇頭的路由，通過擴散演算法來廣播代價消息，採用貪婪演算法來選擇能量消耗最小的路徑;採用tdma時隙分配演算法減少網路時延。最後，利用ns2模擬軟體進行驗證。 -
In this paper, we first analyze the input and output as well as cost - benefit rate of chinese livestock industry by the example of hog, beef, mutton and dairy cow. then, we choose the samples from different regions in different time, use the stochastic production frontier suggested by battese and coelli ( 1992 ), which is aimed at the panel data ( balanced or unbalanced ), and make the econometric analysis for the growth of hog, beef, mutton, and dairy cow. different from the former research for livestock industry, the efficiency measurement theory is introdiced into the growth model and the tfp is dissolved into technical advancement, technological efficiency and residual, the translog production function is used to make the estimation more precised
本文首先以生豬，肉牛、肉羊和奶牛為例對近年來我國畜牧業的投入產出和成本收益狀況進行了分析，然後採用battese和coelli在1992年提出的針對混合數據（ paneldata ）的隨機邊界生產函數形式，在不同地區選取一定的樣本，利用樣本省的時間序列與截面混合數據，對生豬，肉牛，肉羊和奶牛的增長因素進行了分析，與以往對于畜牧業增長研究不同的是，將效率測算理論引入生產增長模型，把全要素生產率分解為技術進步、技術效率和殘差項，並採取了更加符合實際的超越對數函數形式，使傳統上使用的索洛余值法得到改進，更深層次的剖析了我國畜牧業目前的增長方式。 -
Depreciation on the fixed assets shall be accounted on the basis of the original cost, estimated residual value, estimated useful life and working capacity, according to the straight line method or the working capacity ( or output ) method
固定資產折舊應當根據固定資產原值、預計凈殘值、預計使用年限或預計工作量，採用年限平均法或者工作量（或產量）法計算。 -
The length should be added if the cost is n ' t increased and the installation is convenient, the diameter should be chose by the local weather condition and the using requirement ; the gas pressure should be not higher than 5 x 10 - 2pa and the emissivity should be less than 0. 1, the spring should be small and narrow in order to decrease the heat loss, the gas absorbed getter should not be too many as long as it can absorb the residual gas and keep the vacuum degree
在不影響安裝和增加成本的情況下，應適當增加太陽能真空集熱管的長度;根據當地的氣候條件和使用要求來綜合考慮選擇直徑;國標規定的真空度必須達到5x10 』 zpa ，發射率小於0 . 1是合理的;彈簧卡子不要選用很寬、很大的尺寸，盡量減少接觸熱損;吸氣劑並非越多越好，只要能夠吸收殘余氣體，保證一定的真空度即可。 -
Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of property, plant and equipment, less their estimated residual value, on a straight - line basis over the estimated useful lives as follows
折舊乃按物業廠房及設備成本減其估計剩餘價值后撇銷，並以直線法按以下估計可使用年限計算： -
As the investment cost, the purifying effect and the operational convenience of gas - purifying system is the key to affect the application and popularity of stalk gasification system, the paper independently designs a two - grade filtrating gas - purifying equipment for saving the investment cost, improving the operational convenience and using the rich farming residual of the local countryside as scavenger
因為氣化氣凈化系統的投資成本、凈化效果和操作的方便性是影響秸稈氣化系統應用和推廣的關鍵因素，所以，為了節約投資成本，便於操作，且能因地制宜利用農村豐富的農業剩餘物充當凈化劑，本文自主設計出兩級過濾的秸稈氣化氣凈化裝置。 -
Are made of tempered martensite, with moderate hardness, excellent elasticity, wear - resistant, give less dust, longer recycle life, low cost, extensively used for shot peening to give residual stress in the surface layer of components for fatigue life enhancement and suppression of stress corrosion cracking and descaling and cleaning up surfaces of castings, steel parts and mechanical work - pieces prior coating
鋼丸鋼砂主要金相組織為?火馬氏體組成，具有適當的硬度良好的反彈性耐磨性粉塵少循環使用壽命長成本低等特點，廣泛應用於鑄件鋼件機加工件的表面噴塗前的表面去皮，清理。 -
By the way of evaluating the stability and calculating the residual slip force of lin jia ya slide iii, this paper presents three comprehensive treatment projects on the ground of analyzing the cause and contrasts them through three several aspects of construction, treatment effect and engineering cost
本文通過對林家崖號滑坡的穩定性分析、評價和剩餘下滑力的計算，在綜合分析滑坡成因的基礎上，提出三種可行的綜合治理方案從施工、治理效果和工程費用等幾方面進行多方案對比優化。 -
The reduction of agency cost to minimum is to maximize the residual income of the firm
最大限度的降低代理成本其實就是最大化企業的剩餘收益。 -
Thanks to the " learning by doing " effect on division of labor and the cost of information seeking, the definition of property is always incomplete. as a result, the distribution of residual rights becomes the nucleus of institutional coordination
由於分工的「干中學」效應和存在信息成本，產權界定始終是不完全的，剩餘控制權的配置是制度協調的核心。
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