restrain trade 中文意思是什麼
restrain trade
解釋
限制貿易-
Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this agreement, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology
只要與本協定的規定相一致，可能需要採取適當措施以防止知識產權權利持有人濫用知識產權，或採取不合理地限制貿易或國際技術轉讓造成不利影響的做法。 -
Research background in an attempt to restrain the unhealthy tendency of increasingly high drug prices, thus lessening the financial burden on the citizens while ensuring the quality of purchased drug for public use, china ' s ministry of health, in conjunction with state economic and trade commission and state drug administration, started in 2000 the enforced centralized tendering process for drug purchasing, by the tendering law of prc
為了減輕社會醫藥費用負擔、糾正醫藥購銷領域的不正之風、保證采購藥品的質量，促進醫療體制的進一步改革，從2000年開始，衛生部根據《中華人民共和國招投標法》 ，協同國家經貿委、藥品監管局進行藥品集中招標采購的工作。 -
Firstly, it analyzes the restrain effect of the technical barriers on china ' s foreign trade
首先，從整體上分析了技術壁壘對我國外貿的抑制效應。 -
Members agree that some licensing practices or conditions pertaining to intellectual property rights which restrain competition may have adverse effects on trade and may impede the transfer and dissemination of technology
全體成員一致認為:與知識產權有關的某些妨礙競爭的許可證貿易活動或條件，可能對貿易具有消極影響，並可能阻礙技術的轉讓與傳播。 -
Develop import - export trade on china - southeast asia nation coalition for important economic meaning, have important political meaning unusually at the same time, through history review and analysis of restrain factor, offer the direction for development in the future, through the near development trend of more than ten years, make prediction to the development
摘要發展中國東盟進出口貿易不僅具有非常重要的經濟意義，同時具有異常重要的政治意義，通過歷史回顧及制約因素分析，為未來發展提供方向，通過近10幾年發展趨勢，對發展前景做出預測。 -
Anti - dumping, being a focus problem in international trade since two decades ago, can be attributed to the effects that achieved by eight successive rounds of gatt multilateral negotiation that traditional trade barriers have been greatly weakened. for example, tariffs have been cut down and non - tariff barriers such as quotas and licenses have been reduced. at the same time, a new suit of legal trade tools permitted by gatt / wto such as anti - dumping. anti - subsidy and safeguard measures emerge as the time require. despite the different opinions about anti - dumping in economy theory bounds, trade bounds and law bounds. nowadays, to many countries especially the western countries, anti - dumping has become one of the most important means to restrain unfair trade and protect domestic industries. since the founding of wto, 1995, every member of wto has established, amended and perfected their own anti - dumping, measures one after another according to wto agreement on anti - dumping. anti - dumping has become an essential part of the trade policy and law in every country
這是因為經過關貿總協定（ gatt ）八輪多邊談判，各國進口關稅稅率不斷下降，進口配額和許可證等非關稅壁壘措施也日益減少，傳統的貿易壁壘措施作用被極大削弱。代之而起的例如反傾銷、反補貼、保障措施等事一套新的被gatt以及世界貿易組織（ wto ）所允許的合法的貿易工具應運而生。盡管在經濟理論界、國際貿易界及法學界對反傾銷還存在不同認識和看法，但自1948年關貿總協定這一多邊貿易體制建立以來，反傾銷已成為當今各國，尤其是西方國家抑制不公平貿易、保護國內產業的重要手段之一。
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