returns to scale 中文意思是什麼

returns to scale 解釋
規模報酬
  • returns : 薄利多銷
  • to : adv 到某種狀態；〈特指〉到停止狀態；關閉。 ★也常和動詞結合，略去其後賓語，而構成成語： The door i...
  • scale : n 1 （尺、秤等上刻劃的）分度，度數，標，標度，刻度；尺寸；尺，尺度。2 【音樂】（標度）音階；音列...
  1. The company produces the table history to be glorious, and develops the innovation unceasingly, develops from the initial straight strip surface of bed table foundation to shan qubo the surface of bed table to the hyperbolic wave surface of bed table, causes the table the process load, the returns - ratio and concentrates compared to all has the large scale enhancement

    我廠生產搖床歷史悠久，並不斷開發創新，從最初的直條床面搖床基礎上發展到單曲波床面搖床（上世紀70年代） ；到雙曲波床面搖床（上世紀90年代） ，使搖床的處理量、回收率和富集比都有大幅度的提高。
  2. Increasing, constant or diminishing returns to scale

    規模收益遞增不變遞減
  3. Increasing returns to scale

    遞增的規模報酬
  4. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  5. A important conclusion of my model is that agglomeration economies emerge if the technology of search exhibits increasing returns to scale, and that the expand of city increases the labors " income, enhance the factories " expect output and decrease rural labors

    本模型還得到一個重要的結論，就是當尋優技術呈規模報酬遞增時，聚集經濟出現，此時城市的增長將增加工人的工資和工廠的期望產出，而農村人口將縮減。
  6. The thesis explains beyond marshallian factors that the division of regions, which derives from endogenous comparative advantages with increasing returns to scale, and institutional transformation are real inherent causes of industrial agglomeration

    論文從內生比較優勢概念出發，指出地區間的分工是因為存在著內在的比較優勢，這種比較優勢作用的結果，經過地區分工的演進導致產業的聚集現象。
  7. With the rising of new trade theory, strategic trade policy was put forward as the extension of the theory applied in the area of trade policy. because it is based on the more real practice of imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale, strategic trade policy seems more convincing in directing chinese constitution of trade policy than traditional trade theory does

    隨著新貿易理論的興起，戰略性貿易政策被提出，作為該理論在貿易政策領域的拓展，戰略性貿易政策是建立在更為符合實際的不完全競爭和規模報酬遞增條件下的，因而對于指導我國貿易政策的制定較之傳統貿易理論更具有現實依據。
  8. Those firms accumulated knowledge capital in the special way as they usually do can get increasing returns to scale, and each knowledge capital ' s contribution to the firm ' s profit is non - linear. thus, firms can improve profits by changing capital combination. how to change the combination, especial by strategic alliance is also addressed

    首先論述了企業沿著特定的方向擴張知識資本的規模報酬遞增特點；然後論證了各項知識資本對企業利潤貢獻的非線性，指出了知識資本組合的效率意義；最後研究了變更知識資本組合的途徑，著重探討了以實現知識資本動態組合為目的的企業聯盟的構建和規制。
  9. Attributing the increasing - returns to the economies of scale or the economies of the division of labor has been always a debated issue in the field of economic for a long time

    收益遞增源於規模經濟還是分工經濟，是經濟學界從古典到現代一直爭論的問題。
  10. In addition, the inability of offenders to alter the identity of a vehicle and sell it as legitimate significantly reduces the scale of their market and potential returns, as would - be purchasers of stolen goods are deterred by wovm

    此外，犯罪者無法變造汽車的身分與合法銷贓，明顯地減少他們的市場規模，因為想購買贓物的買主會受到wovm的嚇阻而打消念頭。
  11. The paper accounts the importance and the necessity of the forecasting research to the stock return volatility of our country, and the use in practice of the forecasting about the stock return volatility, firstly, stock market of our country is divided into large scale stock 、 middle scale stock and small scale stock on the basis of stock size. secondly, according to the basic method of the mathematical statistics ， the behavior of the return volatility about single stock is described by using the model of the rolling variance estimates 。 through the relation of daily returns volatility and weekly returns volatility and the forecasting accuracy of the volatility forecasting model to various stock scale ， we do practical analysis with the forecasting research to return volatility of single stock market

    在個股收益波動性的可預測性研究方面，首先按市值規模大小將我國股票分為大盤股、中盤股和小盤股，然後利用數理統計的基本方法，用滾動樣本方差估計模型描述個股市場收益波動性的行為，並對三種股票日收益率序列及周收益率序列波動之間的關系以及波動預測模型對各種股盤的預測準確性進行了實證分析和結果檢驗。
  12. We then discuss, from the perspective of economies of scale and economies of scope, the proper construction of the organizational and structural framework of a financial holding company and its subsidiaries to ensure that there is appropriate arrangement of the controlling - subsidiary relationship under the basic legal structure in respect of the size of business and the allocation of personnel in order to generate economic returns. the second chapter elaborates the financial holding companies and their subsidiaries, and seeks to provide possible solutions for challenges encountered. based on the author ’ s relevant experience in taiwan, this paper proposes a feasible arrangement of the organization and supervisory system for the board of directors, the supervisory board ( the board of corporate auditors ) and the management level, the underlying framework of which is mainly based on the regulatory structure of the us financial holding companies

    第三章就監事責任及職權詳細研究，由於中國采大陸法系之立法，對監事責任之掌握較不具體，爰引述了英美受託義務（ fiduciaryduty ）之觀念進行分析，而就監事職權，相對的也是職責，則提出世界上較有表彰性的立法加以補充，希望可以填補其不足，最後比較監事會與獨立董事、審計委員會之各項功能，認為美國公司體制之董事會已漸將經營職能轉予首席執行官（ chiefexecutiveofficer ） ，而留下監督之職能，故可以審計委員會擔負監察職能之前置工作，而觀諸中國之社會經濟情勢，如徑予採行，將出現缺漏，故建議維持監事制度。
  13. It is the theoretical basis to research the regional agriculture that the natural region diversity law, ecological economic theory, agricultural location theory, comparative advantage theory and theory of returns to scale etc. and the dissertation takes the idea of sustainable agriculture as the guidelines and the three stages theory of the agriculture and countryside development as regional agriculture development strategy theory

    既要遵循自然規律，也要遵循經濟規律，因此文中以自然地域分異規律、生態經濟理論、農業區位理論、比較優勢理論及規模報酬理論等作為研究區域農業的基礎理論；以區域農業發展的可持續農業理念作為指導思想；以農業農村發展三個階段理論作為區域農業發展戰略理論。
  14. Constant returns to scale

    規模收益不變
  15. Decreasing returns to scale

    果產出增加了
  16. The positive effect is that it can produce returns to scale. the negative effect is that it may lead to monopoly

    企業並購一方面有促成規模經濟的積極作用，另一方面又可能導致壟斷，從而帶來一定的負面影響。
  17. The court heard that the defendants, in the course of preparing tax returns for the years of assessment from 199293 to 199697, had instructed the return preparer to scale down the operation of the printing business including the turnover, purchases, subcontracting and salaries expenses. the company had understated profits totalling $ 4, 408, 506, and thus a total amount of $ 645, 880 tax had been undercharged for the five assessment years

    案情透露，兩名被告在擬備有關報稅表期間，指示代其報稅的會計事務所調低印刷生意規模，將公司的營業額和購貨、加工費、薪金等支出同時縮減，因而可在這五個課稅年度共短報利潤4 ， 408 ， 506元，涉及逃繳稅款共645 ， 880元。
  18. The court heard that the defendants, in the course of preparing tax returns for the years of assessment from 1992 93 to 1996 97, had instructed the return preparer to scale down the operation of the printing business including the turnover, purchases, subcontracting and salaries expenses. the company had understated profits totalling 4, 408, 506, and thus a total amount of 645, 880 tax had been undercharged for the five assessment years

    案情透露，兩名被告在擬備有關報稅表期間，指示代其報稅的會計事務所調低印刷生意規模，將公司的營業額和購貨加工費薪金等支出同時縮減，因而可在這五個課稅年度共短報利潤4 ， 408 ， 506元，涉及逃繳稅款共645 ， 880元。
  19. In foreign trade, the quantity of factories is so large that the scale is small and scattered, the returns of scale economy are hard to accomplish, thus export presents low level of expansion resulted in decreasing of international market competitive power in labor and natural resources concentrated industries

    由於我國經濟基礎薄弱、經營者整體文化素質低下加之市場制度的不完善，單純利用市場機制調節經濟顯然為時尚早，特別是外貿行業的企業數量過度龐大，且多為分散的小規模經營，規模經濟效益難以實現。
  20. On the basis of reviewing explanation of economic development by economic growth theories, welfare economics, sustainable development theories and new institution economics, it proposes a new angle to explain economic development with industrial clusters. it holds that knowledge capital, organizational capital and social capital based on industrial clusters are new endogenous factors of economic development. industrial clusters " specialization division leads to increasing returns, external scale economies and scope economies, and accelerates economic development

    在回顧經濟增長理論、福利經濟學、可持續發展理論和新制度經濟學解釋經濟發展的基礎上，提出基於產業集群解釋經濟發展的新視角，認為基於產業集群的知識資本、組織資本和社會資本是經濟發展新內生要素，產業集群的專業化分工導致收益遞增、外部規模經濟和范圍經濟實現，從而推動經濟發展。
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