rule of the law 中文意思是什麼
rule of the law
解釋
法治-
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
Under special relationships of lapping of legal provisions, the rule that special law is superior to common law shall be strictly followed. only under special circumstances shall the harsher or less harsh provision apply ; as to subsidy relationships, primary law shall be applied rather than additional law ; as to absorption relationships, the law as a whole is superior to a part of the law. the author does n ' t support the principle that the harsher law is superior to the less harsh law
針對特別關系的法條競合的適用應該嚴格依照特別法優于普通法的原則，例外的情況是當一個行為觸犯同一法律時，在特殊情況下可以選擇較重或較輕的法條定罪量刑，以防止量刑的畸輕或畸重;針對補助法條關系的法條競合，其適用應遵循基本法優于補充法的原則;吸收關系的法條競合的處理，其適用原則是整體法優于部分法。 -
From the stipulation of the 《 general rule of civil law 》, the writer analyses the tutelary institutional defects, and also points out four parts to set up guardian system
第四部分為監護責任制度的研究。作者從《民法通則》的具體規定人手分析了我國理論及實踐中存在的法律沖突及監護責任制度的缺陷。 -
According to the 《 general rule of civil law 》 the stipulation that serve as guardian, the human enactment involves the tutelary legitimacy - with the nominate tutelage, but appeared the tutelage on the judicial practice
依照《民法通則》對監護人設定方式的規定，監護人的設定包括法定監護和指定監護，但在司法實踐上又出現了遺囑監護和委託監護。 -
This dissertation, through discussing respectively and researching by comparative method as to the compensation for damages for breach of a contract and for the infringement arising from road traffic accident which is related to serve contract, raises that, there exist mutual part and difference in the scope of damages, the principle of the fixation of liability, the proof of evidence, the rule of the counteraction between faults, the undertaking of the third party for the fault liability, the dealing of the free - rider with good - faith, as to the contract law and tort law in china
筆者在論文中，通過對具有服務合同關系的道路交通事故的違約損害賠償、侵權損害賠償的分別闡述和比較研究，說明了我國合同法和侵權行為法這兩種法律規范在賠償范圍、歸責原則、舉證責任、過失相抵規則適用、第三人過錯責任承擔、好意同乘者的處理等方面，既有相同之處，也存在諸多差異。 -
Administrative power can guarantee civil rights, but it often easily injury civil rights. we must hunt after the evaluation criterion of the rule of administrative law
摘要保障公民權利，需要行政權力，但行政權力又往往容易侵犯到公民權利。當務之急，我們應當探求中國行政法治的評價標準，以期中國行政法治的早日實現。 -
After that i also analyze that some unreasonable clause ( for example : delivery the goods without b / l ) of the charter - party could be incorporated into the b / l by incorporation clause or not ; by the law rule of the england i try to point
之後又分析了租約中一些看似不太合理的條款（如無單放貨條款）能否以提單中的合併條款併入提單，結合英國判例法的做法，針對我國的現狀，本人試圖提出一些膚淺的觀點。 -
It is the foun - damental content of rule of criminal law and the premise of it, makes criminal judicial action in order and provides citizens with the indication to obey criminal law
它是刑事法治建設的基本內容，是刑事法治的前提，它使刑法的適用有章可循，為人們遵守刑法提供了明確指示。 -
To improve the legal sense of the administrative law executors and judicial personnel at various levels and the sense of the rights and duties of the citizens, china has actively carried out publicity stressing the rule of law and mass activities promoting knowledge of the law
為了提高各級行政執法和司法人員的法治意識及公民的權利義務意識，中國積極開展法治宣傳和群眾性普法活動。 -
To affirm and regulate the bankruptcy recall right is the general rule of the bankruptcy law of the world
對破產取回權予以肯定和規制，是當今世界各國破產法的通例。 -
The discourse discusses structure pattern, rupture - distributing law and ore - controlling action about mouru ore belt. grasping distribution rule of the fractures in ore - forming zone by remote sensing analyse and field survey, and made a research about the ruptures " ore - containing character in the different orientation, putting forward that four ne - orientation structure containing - ore zone alternate with strong and feebleness
論文詳細地論述了牟乳含礦帶的構造格局、斷裂分佈規律及控礦作用，通過遙感構造解譯和實地考察，從宏觀上整體把握了區域上和成礦帶內斷裂的分佈規律，對不同方向上斷裂的含礦性做了研究，並提出了牟乳礦帶內北東向的四個強弱構造含礦帶。 -
" pacta sunt servanda " is a fundamental rule of the traditional theories of civil law
契約必須得到遵守，乃傳統民法理論中的一項基本規則。 -
Our company law was made for the reform of economy system of organization, especially made for reforming of state - owned enterprise and reorganizing of companies, and it had little revision during nine years, which is not only in keep with the rule of company law of other countries, but also does n ' t accord with the development of economy and society
我國現行《公司法》是為適應經濟體制改革的需要制定的，特別是為適應國企改制和清理整頓公司的要求出臺的，在其實施的九年間，只作過一次較小修改。這不僅不符合世界大多數國家公司法產生發展修訂的一般規律，更不符合我國經濟發展和社會進步的需要，法律的上層建築愈來愈無法適應經濟基礎發展的要求，修訂公司法勢在必行。 -
It is the basic rule of the working of market economy. system of petition right on property, as the peculiar system that protects property right in law of property right
物上請求權制度作為大陸法系國家民法特有的對物權進行保護的制度，是物權法的重要組成部分。 -
Through the research of the law controlling administrative discretion, the thesis has explained the general theories and range of illegal administrative discretion, analyzed the component condition of misuse of authority, given some suggestion for improving the supervision by the legislative authorities for the administrative discretion, expounded the fact that the law control to administrative discretion by the inner rule of administrative authorities and administrative procedure, proposed that administrative discretion power belongs to the administrative authorities, it can not be reviewed by courts, at the same time, administrative discretion ary act is the act of exercising of administrative discretion power, it could be subject to judicial review
闡述了行政裁量違法的一般理論，對行政裁量違法的范圍進行了界定，提出濫用職權的要件包括行政權限上的合法性、主觀心理上的過錯性、客觀行為上的違法性、法律後果上的嚴重性。論證了權力機關對行政裁量的法律控制，在分析我國權力機關進行監督現狀的基礎上，提出應當借鑒一些國家實行的議會監察專員制度並結合我國國情加以改造使之符合我國的法治實踐，對完善我國權力機關對行政裁量的監督提供了參考思路。 -
After defining the nature of company law and company constitution, we have no difficult to decide : it is possible that breaking the company law and company constitution will produce flaw decision of flaws. after considering synthetically two pairs of basic point : break the law and break the company constitution, break the entity rule and break the procedure rule, we decide divided standard of kind of action : as to all grounds of action, we classify breaking the law and breaking company constitution ; as to law, we classify breaking entity rule and procedure rule. all grounds of action that include breaking company law and breaking procedure rule of the law are brought into action on canceling decision, and as to grounds of action that the content of decision break the law, we bring them into action on invalid decision. besides, this thesis talks about the value of action on confirming the decision not exist and action on canceling a
最後，針對我國目前立法中此項制度的缺失，比較借鑒各國和地區的立法例，建構了我國的股東大會決議瑕疵救濟制度:確立了無效之訴、撤銷之訴和確認決議不存在之訴三類訴訟體制，並且設定對股東會決議中的輕微違法由法官裁量決定是否影響決議的效力，對不影響決議效力的輕微違法移交行政機關處理。此外，還對股東會決議瑕疵救濟的法律後果、該項制度的立法方式、訴訟的當事人、損害賠償問題、訴之合併及撤銷之訴的除斥期間等一一提出了自己的立法建議。 -
Part iii anatomizes the causes of the crime of inquisition by torture and confession - extortion from six aspects and points out that the permeation of traditional law culture and the load of social control function are its background condition, that the warp of executing - the - law concept in the prosecutors is the individual factor for its occurrence, that the absence of the rule design for the litigation procedure and the careless omission of the law rules and regulations are the institutional causes of its occurrence, and that the lack of judicial resources is an objective factor for its occurrence
第三部分:文章從六個方面剖析了刑訊逼供犯罪的成因，指出傳統司法文化的浸染、社會控制功能的負載乃其背景性根源;司法人員執法理念的偏差是刑訊產生的個體因素;訴訟程序規則設計的缺失、法網規制的疏漏是刑訊逼供發生的制度性原因;司法資源投入的短缺是促使刑訊發生的一個客觀因素。 -
On the basis theory of international law and combining the practice, we expatiate what responsibility the main body of international law should afford when it disobey the rule of international law
本文從國際法的基本原理出發，結合實踐，就國際法主體因違反國際法律規定應承擔的國際法律責任問題進行闡述。 -
They may provide a solution to an issue raised when it proves impossible to establish the relevant rule of the applicable law
當無法確定合同的適用法律對某一問題的相關規則時，通則可對該問題提供解決辦法。 -
The rule of the law and the limited government
論法治與有限政府
分享友人