rule surface 中文意思是什麼

First, a simple discussion for the mechanism about electrostatic atomization of the liquids has been given ; then the paper theoretically analyzed waving course, liquid drop producing course, and the liquid drop diffusing course in electrostatics atomization process., gave an analysis about the methods about carrying charges to the liquid drop, and analyzed that liquid with high electrical conductivity can be carried charges and atomized by electric field, while the isolated liquid with low electrical conductivity can be charged fully with the soakage electrode and inducing charge methods. at last the paper designed and configured the experimental equipment, conducted the atomization experiment to the three liquid medium - kerosene, emulsifier and alcohol under the same environment, handled the experimental results, then summarized the relationship between liquid electrostatic atomization effect and liquid surface tension, electronic conductivity and viscosity, along with the influence of voltage to electrostatic atomization and so on, found out the liquid atomization rule in high voltage electrostatic field

首先，對液體介質的靜電霧化機理作了初步的探討，理論上分析了液體霧化過程中射流區、波紋區、霧滴區和霧滴擴散區;然後對液體荷電方法進行了研究分析，對于高電導率的液體，場致荷電和接觸荷電可以使其霧化，而對于電導率較低的絕緣液體，需用浸潤電極荷電和感應荷電方法使其充分帶電;最後，根據前面的研究分析，設計和組裝試驗裝置，在同一環境下對煤油、乳化劑、酒精三種不同液體介質進行高壓靜電霧化試驗，並對試驗結果進行分析處理，總結出液體靜電霧化與液體表面張力、電導率和粘度的關系及電壓對液體靜電霧化的影響等，得出高壓靜電場中液體霧化的一般規律。

The penetration test study the disturbance of soil in difference location. by using finite element method, the paper study the stratum movement and the earth surface deformation caused by pipe jacking, analysis the construction parameter such as head pressure, deflexion, friction force impact on earth surface deformation, give the distributing rule and range of additional soil pressure in soil

採用有限元計算分析的方法，對頂管施工引起的地層運動及地表位移進行研究，分析了機頭土壓力、機頭偏斜、摩阻力等不同施工參數對地表變形的影響以及附加應力在土中的分佈規律和影響范圍。

As a rule, the immunosensors is to coat the surface of crystal with antibodies or antigens, immerge to muster solution, binding to the immobilized antigens or antibodies and take place immuno - reaction, can cause a frequency change of the quartz crystal, and the frequency changes are proportional to content of antigens or antibodies in muster solution

通常將抗體（或抗原）固定於晶體表面，浸入樣液時，與抗原（或抗體）產生免疫反應，使晶體表面質量負載增加，頻率降低，其頻移值與樣液中抗原（或抗體）含量成正比。

The dynamic change of nh4 +, no3 - and tn, under the situation which urea was applied in the high fertility paddy - field in yuhang of hangzhou city with a lysimeter which was designed and made by ourselves, was studied and analyzed in order to find the rules of the change in the water - body of surface and the leakage rule of nitrogen, to reduce the effect of nitrogen loss on the water pollution

藉助自行設計製作的稻田滲漏計，在杭州餘杭對高肥力稻田不同施用尿素氮肥情況下，稻田地表水和滲漏水中銨態氮、硝態氮和總氮（簡稱三氮）的動態變化規律進行了研究分析，以利於發現氮素在地表水體變化和淋失規律，盡量減少氮素淋失對地下水體所造成的影響。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

At the same time we study, analysis and discuss the action that non - linearity - stickiness - springiness and crazing damage of the pmma sample under creep though making us of the knowledge about the high molecule physics the damage theory of material of rheology of bodies with defects. through the study and theory analysis of single - axes stretching experiment in pmma sample under creep, take the surface crazing damage density of pmma sample as an variable, to look for a commonly rule that the crazing damage of pmma, and to offer a feasible damage model for the sake of study that of pmma ' s remoteness damage

同時運用高分子物理、含缺陷流變性物體的材料破壞理論等知識，對無孔洞pmma試件和有孔洞pmma試件蠕變條件下非線性粘彈性行為及其銀紋損傷現象進行了研究、分析與探討，通過對蠕變條件下的pmma試件的單軸拉伸實驗研究和理論分析，以pmma試件的銀紋損傷面密度值為損傷變量，來嘗試尋求pmma銀紋損傷的一般規律，為研究pmma的細觀損傷提供了一種可行的損傷模型。

Based on the example of south dump slope of anjialing open colliery in pingshuo, the rule of surface subsidence was studied using flac ( superscript 3d )

摘要為研究露天煤礦排土場邊坡下采動沉陷規律，結合平朔安家嶺露天礦南排土場邊坡的實例，採用flac （上標3d ）程序進行了數值模擬計算。

The results show that distinct " bench " distribution rule takes on for the subsidence and distortion of bench - shape slope surface ; the movement range of bench - shape slope surface is smaller but its distortion is larger than those of flat surface and concentrated distortion occurs at every bench plan ; the surface horizontal distortion of bench - shape slope is still pressed in gob centre and tensioned in both sides of gob ; space - time effect should be taken into account for the stability of bench - shape slope influenced by underground mining

結果表明：露天煤礦臺階狀邊坡體的采動沉陷規律表現出很明顯的「臺階」分佈特點；臺階狀邊坡地表的移動范圍比平地地表要小，但變形卻更劇烈，且在各臺階平面處形成變形集中；臺階狀邊坡地表的水平變形仍然呈現出采空區中間受壓，兩端受拉的特點；臺階狀邊坡在地下開采擾動下的穩定性應考慮采空區的時空效應。

In the trials of high concentration food wastewater treatment conducted by an anaerobic membrane bioreactor, the flux decline rule of four polyethersulphone ( pes ) uhrafiltration ( uf ) membranes with different surface morphology was investigated with atomic force microscopy

摘要在厭氧膜生物反應器處理高濃度食品廢水的試驗中，藉助原子力顯微鏡分析了四種表面形貌不同的聚醚碸超濾膜的通量衰減規律。

Rule of lose of nitrogen in the surface water of rice fields and the control technology

水稻田面水氮素動態徑流流失特性及控制技術研究

( 2 ) testing and simulating on the tress field indicates that original stress distributing rule and collective character could be compartmentalized two parts : alteration zone in the surface near sloping and stress calm zone in deep

（ 2 ）地應力場測試和模擬研究表明，隧道通過部位初始應力分佈規律的總體特徵可劃分為近坡面淺表生改造帶和深部應力平穩帶。

In the processing of single crystal materials, it was found that the sectorial distribution of light and shade appears on the surface, which is the main factor of affecting processing surface quality. therefore starting from the crystal structure, this paper first researched on kdp crystal mechanics characteristics in different crystal plane and orientation through theoretical analysis and nano - indentation experiment, separately calculated the young ’ s modules and shear modules of kdp in different crystal plane, and systematically analyzed the change rule of young ’ s modules and rigidity along with the crystal orientation

在單晶脆性材料的加工中，人們發現加工表面產生明暗相間的扇形分佈，這種明暗相間扇形分佈是影響加工表面質量的主要因素，因此本文從晶體的結構出發，首先對kdp晶體不同晶面、不同晶向的力學性能進行了理論分析和納米壓痕實驗研究，分別計算了kdp晶體不同晶面上彈性模量和剪切模量，並系統地分析了彈性模量和硬度隨晶向的變化規律。

This is a change from the 1988 fina rule change which stated that a swimmer must surface within 10 meters of the start of a race

這是從1988年開始的國際泳聯的一次變更。原來的規定是每次比賽出發后游泳者必須在10米內露出水面。

With the disposal of the image, we get a changing rule that the change of the sample of pmma ' s surface crazing damage density follow the change of time and stress

經圖像處理，得到了在不同應力水平下、不同基溫下， pmma試件紋損傷面密度隨時間的變化規律。具體地， 1

This paper is preluded by summarizing the modeling methods, key techniques in vr ( virtual reality ). based on that, textiles are chosen as the research objects for the reason that previously, because textile distortion mechanism was not introduced, the 3d coordinates on the surface of textiles could not be formalized in accordance with their physical rule. naturally, there was an absence of realism and generality and the movement of textile cannot be simulated under any given forces applied such as rippling in the wind in virtual textile demonstrating

本文首先對建模方法這一虛擬現實中的關鍵技術進行了綜述，在此基礎上選擇以織物作為對象來研究，這主要是由於以前沒有引入織物變形機理，織物表面各點的三維坐標無法用符合物理規律的公式進行表達，導致在織物的虛擬展示中，缺乏真實性與通用性，無法模擬各種受力情況下織物的運動，諸如隨風飄動的效果。

From the aspect of geometry, structure design, manufacture and examine, this paper generally summarizes the gcm ' s study progress in detail, discusses its kinetic rule and the determination of its primary structure parameter, and educes its surface equation and pressure angle equation based on the homogeneous matrix transformation and the conjugate engagement theory of spatial surface. on the basis of geometry study of gcm, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis to the interference phenomenon that will possible exist in the assemble course of two different structure of gcm with the help of matlab software

本文從運動幾何學、結構設計、動力學、製造和檢測等方面對國內外弧面凸輪機構的研究進展進行了全面綜述，詳細論述了高速凸輪機構的運動規律和弧面凸輪機構基本尺寸的確定，基於空間曲面共軛嚙合原理，通過齊次變換推導了外弧面凸輪的曲面方程和壓力角方程，並提出了對應的廓面修形演算法；提出了內弧面凸輪機構的構想，推導了內弧面凸輪的曲面方程和壓力角方程。

Studying the rule of geometric shape of surface crack during propagation by means of fracture mechanics theory, a predicting method of fatigue crack propagation life and it ' s numerical calculation theory are presented

本文應用斷裂力學理論，對焊接鋼結構表面裂紋擴展過程中裂紋幾何形狀的變化規律進行了探討，提出了疲勞裂紋擴展壽命的預測方法，給出了相應的數值計算理論。

Through simulation, found the influence rule on existed structure by shield construction, discussed construction factors such as soil deformation modulus, different thickness of and different elastic modules of equivalent circle zone, control soil pressure, initial stress release rate influence on the surface settlement and structure deformation, studied the reasonable parameter value scope

通過數值模擬，研究了盾構施工對既有結構的影響規律。討論了地基變形模量、等代層厚度和參數、圍巖應力初期釋放率、盾構正面土壓力等施工因素對地表沉降和筏板基礎沉降的影響，研究了穿越結構物時參數的合理取值范圍。

However, the relationship between the thermal emission polarization degree of metal plate surface and viewing angle of the detector does not obey the rule, when the viewing angle is smaller than 20 degree

但在觀測角小於20時測量，金屬目標板熱紅外偏振度和觀測角之間的關系並不遵循上述原則。

The result that the experimental sector has stable wind flow and the characteristic of wind speed which makes the wind speed more consistent with real condition of the surface of land has the rule of logarithm, which is matched with the requirement of wind erosion experiment

通過試驗驗證，風洞實驗段具有穩定的氣流場，且風速廓形滿足對數規律，符合自然大氣近地面層的風速特徵，說明風洞滿足風蝕試驗要求。