runoff 中文意思是什麼

音標 ['rʌnˌɔ:f]
runoff 解釋
降雨徑流
  1. The hydrology and aerography indexes change in the middle of the rainy season in dry - hot valley are explored in this paper, which involves the mean ground temperature, relative humidity, runoff on trunk, rainfall, evaporation quantity, etc

    摘要對雨季中期乾熱河谷加勒比松林林中與林邊平均地溫、空氣相對濕度、樹幹流量、降雨量、蒸發量等水文氣象指標進行了研究。
  2. The common character is to change the solid interspace shape of surface soil to build the rainwater converge section ( afflux section ) and crop planting section and force the runoff of converge section flow to crop planting section together with the runoff of crop plant section for crop use

    共同的特點是改變地表空間立體微地形下墊面建設匯流區（也叫集流區）和作物種植區，將匯流區的雨水徑流疊加匯集到種植區進行利用，既利用匯流區的來水，又利用集流區的雨水。
  3. Considering amendatory forecast runoff value will affect the operation strategy, a step - by - step decision method is proposed, which is useful for manager ' s making an optimized decision. the mid - long runoff forecast system of longxiriver is developed with the c + + language

    （ 5 ）考慮徑流預測值修正後對水電站運行策略的影響，提出了水電站優化調度的滾動決策方法，為水電站及其水庫最優運行策略的採用提供依據。
  4. The decline of river runoff indicates the obvious trend of environmental aridity in the region

    流域河川徑流來源於降水，全球變化是河流徑流量變化的背景。
  5. The quantities of organic carbon and nitrogen in the bed load were high than in the runoff plots and this had a nutrient enrichment phenomenon

    4 ，在徑流流失的氮素中又以水溶態氮素為主，約占徑流流失氮素的78 87
  6. ( 4 ) the percentage phosphorus loss by bed load was equivalent to mat lost as a result of runoff in traditional fanning practices, whereas in the rest of farming system the loss by runoff phosphorus was 67. 59 % - 88. 11 %

    （ 4 ）順坡農作處理的徑流小區通過椎移質流失的磷素和邁過徑流流失的磷素基本相當，其它處理的土壤磷素主要以徑流方式流失，其流失量占土壤全磷流失量67
  7. The cultivated field received not only its own share of rainfall but all of the runoff from the catchment.

    耕地不僅獲得它自己那份雨水而且還接受集水區的全部徑流。
  8. Across the country, millions of tons of raw sewage, industrial waste and fertilizer runoff have turned lakes into algae - covered cesspools

    在全國各地，上百萬噸未經處理的污水、工業廢水和農藥殘留物將湖泊變成了藻類泛濫的污水池。
  9. Based on studying of the unequal rainfall in space - time and the asymmetry physical geography parameters in space, which can influence the process of the runoff, this paper puts forward a sort of slope conflux and watercourse conflux simulating model based on grid, and that gains flux at random time and grid in basin

    本模型針對降雨時空分佈不均勻與下墊面自然地理參數空間分佈不均勻，對產匯流形成過程的影響，提出了一種基於柵格的坡面產匯流與河道匯流的數值模擬模型。
  10. Also to get some new conclusion of glacial lakes burst floods, in possibility study of glacial lake burst, and in qualitified study of the safety of the glacial lakes. the first character of this paper introduce the background of this paper, set the goal, content and methodlogy of the study work in this paper. the second chapter of this paper focuses on the meterological character, runoff composition character, why not correspondency of ratio of rainfall and runoff in same period to annual value for nianchu river, lasha river, niyang river and the middle reach of yalu - zangbu river

    本文第一章介紹了課題的研究背景，提出了研究目標、內容和方法；第二章重點分析了年楚河、拉薩河、尼洋河和雅魯藏布江幹流中游段的氣候特徵，徑流組成特性，同期降水、徑流占年總量比例的不對應特性和原因，徑流年內年際變化規律及徑流深分佈特性，分析了天然洪水的特點和洪水參數；第三章介紹了冰川終磧湖的特點，結合已經發生潰決的冰川終磧湖的有關調查資料和考察資料，分析提出了危險冰湖判別指標和發生潰決的氣候條件、周期性特徵，提出了冰湖潰決洪水的計算途徑。
  11. Regard - ing the surface runoff mechanism, liang and xie 1, 2 presented a new surface runoff parameterization which dynamically represents both the horton and dunne runoff generation mechanisms within within a model grid cell together with a consideration of the subgrid - scale het - erogeneity, which can be applied to not only humid regions but also droughty regions as well 3, 4. regard - ing the soil water movement, xie et al. 5 developed an unsaturated flow numerical model based on the finite element method, and xie et al. 6 presented another numerical model to compute soil moisture and water flow flux together by means of a mixed finite element method

    在地表徑流方面，文獻1 3發展了一種同時考慮蓄滿超滲產流機制及次網格非均勻性的新的徑流機制模型，並用其改進了陸面模式vic variable infiltration capacity中的徑流計算，該模型既適用於濕潤地區也適用於乾旱地區4 .在土壤水模型方面，文獻5採用有限元質量集中法發展了非飽和土壤水流的數值模型，文獻6則採用混合有限元法建立了非飽和土壤水分含量和通量計算的數值模型
  12. In consideration of the crises of both the industrial water and the domestic water in the estuarial areas of the yangtze river caused by the decrease of the channel runoff and the intrusion of the sea water during the dry season in dry year, the concept, method and planning framework of the water resources allocation for the areas mentioned above along the main stem of the river are put forward herein based on the preliminary prediction of the future water demands by taking the water resources allocation therein during the dry seasons as the actual case in combination with the status quo of the water environment and water resources utilization concerned

    摘要針對枯水年枯水季，因河道徑流量較少，鹽水入侵的頻率和強度顯著提高而引起的長江河口沿岸地區生產生活用水安全，文中結合長江口地區水資源利用和水環境現狀，以大通以下長江幹流地區在枯水季水量分配為實例，在初步預測未來河口地區水資源需求的基礎上，提出長江口地區水資源配置的思路、方法及方案框架。
  13. Stripping the land in these ways allows faster surface runoff and exacerbates flooding.

    這些做法終將使土地裸露、地表徑流加快，從而加重了洪水的威脅。
  14. The forecast of moving distance of avalanche soils - the ratio of the heights of collapsed part and run - out of avalanche soils is related to slope shapes, avalanche sources, streamwise soil conditions, runoff on foreside, and soil moisture

    主要內容如下： ?崩塌土運動距離的預測?崩塌土流高比與斜坡形狀、崩塌源土質及沿程土質條件、坡前徑流及土層含水狀態等有關，並提出了崩塌土流高比公式。
  15. Based on the observed runoff data, more accurate designed flow to a culvert or a small bridge may be obtained by curve fitting on frequency curve of pearson type iii distribution

    精度較高的橋涵水文設計是基於所在地實測的徑流資料，採用頻率曲線的適線法獲得。
  16. Peru ' s garcia wins presidential runoff election

    秘魯的加西亞贏得總統決選勝利
  17. Conspicuously heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in maolouchi river basin after quake suggested that the water source of the rivulet mainly drained from surface runoff subjected to evaporation or the interflow composed with heavier isotopes

    貓羅溪流域在地膿后其氫、氧同位素組成明顯變重，此意指流至河川之水源可能改變為遭受蒸發作用之地表逕流，或以具較重同位素組成之中間流為主。
  18. Leveling hilly land into terraces, which slows the rate of runoff, allows more water to soak into the soil.

    把丘陵土地平整成為梯田，減慢水流速度，讓更多的水滲到泥土裡。
  19. Following this algorithm, the base flow can be calcu - lated from the observed discharge as follows : 1, 22bbqiqiqi where i is the time step in the discharge records, qb is the base flow, q is the total runoff, and is the re - cession constant during periods with no surface runoff. the parameter can be determined through a dis - charge recession analysis

    地下徑流的推算公式如下1 1 . 22bbqiqiqi ? ? ? ? 26其中i表示推算的時間步數， qb是地下徑流， q是總的徑流.表示沒有降水時候流量消退系數，可以通過沒有降水時候的流量消退資料推算出出來
  20. Infiltration mostly depended on matric potential gradient and the effect of upslope runoff could be omitted, when initial water content was very low

    當初始含水量較低時，入滲主要受控于基質勢梯度的作用，上方來水對入滲幾乎沒有影響。
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