second-system effect 中文意思是什麼
second-system effect
解釋
第二次開發-
In this paper, through practical investigation, spot visit and scientific analysis, the problem which exits in the enterprise ' s inside encouraging system is studied, and by inducing, the following problems are pointed out : first lacking scientific result examination system, unfair distribution system ; second disjointed distribution and personal work - effect, lacking enterprise loudening power, lass of use - full personnel, lacking power of bringing forth the new ideas. in this paper, according the practical situation and combining with the theory of encouraging system, the author analyzed the problem in this enterprise and thought that the main reasons
本文作者結合所學的激勵相關理論知識，通過實際調查、現場訪問和科學分析的方法，研究該企業在激勵機制上存在的問題，經過認真分析、整理，認為該企業激勵機制上存在的主要問題是：首先在機制上缺乏科學的績效考核體系、分配製度不公；其次，在制度上分配與個人績效嚴重脫節；第三在管理方法上缺乏靈活性、企業缺乏凝聚力、人才流失，缺乏創新力。 -
This article contains three parts, five chapters. the first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically, analyses the stock on hand, option shares and stock option, the three kind of important incentive models, on rights and incumbencies, value and the incentive guidance by contrast. the second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock, quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock, analyses superiority and inferior position in action, difference and interosculation between them, discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle - small technicalfilms. in order to make use of the technical bonus stock distribution mechanism fully, inspire the talent of technologists, encourage their devotion to films, we have some important discussion on the technical bonus stock distribution policy, introduce the distributed models of technical bonus stock, point out the questions in the excutive course, and offer the solution correspondingly. in the third part, we discuss the technical stock option design on middle - small technical films, and consider the logical thoughtfulness in the course of reanimation as follows : the more outstanding achievement for the powered man the more increase on special target the lower price on technical option premium the more profit the more effective reanimation. in the parameter, a set of detailed program is designed, which includes establishment of incentive fund, institution of merit system for the plan ' s grantors, award of stock option, determination of premium, so as to reduce random in the incentive course, have a great effect on the mormative management for the
本文內容共分為五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介紹了現行股權激勵方式，對現股、期股和期權這三種重要的激勵方式，從權利義務、價值和激勵導向三個方面進行了對比分析；第二部分探討了技術股權設計的難點和影響因素，討論了我國中小科技企業技術股權激勵的方式，分析它們在激勵中的優勢和不足，以及它們之間的區別與聯系，並對中小科技企業實施技術股權激勵的必要性和意義進行了探討。在文中還重點討論了中小科技企業技術股權分配的策略，介紹了技術股權紅利分配方式，指出在技術股權激勵過程中應注意的問題，並提出相應的解決辦法，目的在於充分利用技術股權分配機制，來激發技術人員潛在的創新能力，激勵他們為企業作貢獻；第三部分著重探討了中小科技企業技術股份期權的方案設計，在激勵方面，按照技術期權獲受人的業績越突出特定的指標增長越快行權價越低獲利越多激勵效果越好的邏輯思路進行考慮；在參數設計方面，對技術期權計劃中激勵基金、授予和考核、行權價格等參數進行了詳細地分析設計，旨在減少技術期權激勵過程中的隨意性，為中小科技企業的規范化管理起到一定的指導和借鑒作用。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
It has been shown that : the little indentation which represents the quantum noise of the system appears in the evolution curves ; the quantum noise which is caused by virtual photon field gradually becomes weak when w increases, the quantum noise increases when n increases ; the virtual photon process make the antibunching effect strengthen, make the squeezing degree deepen obviously, and lead to the additional vibration of entropy, the oscillation extent of the additional vibration of entropy increases when n increases and decreases when co or g increase. besides, the quantum dynamics of two coupling atoms interacting with a single mode ligh t field in a kerr medium is studied in this paper ; the influences of the kerr effect on the mean photon number, the degree of second order coherence of field, the evolution of the field entropy and the squeezing effect are also discussed
）的增大，量子噪聲分別減小和增大；虛光子過程使光場的反聚束效應增強，使光場的壓縮程度明顯加深，並引起了附加的「熵振蕩」 ，這種附加「熵振蕩」的幅度將隨著光場初始平均光子數（ ? ）的增加而增大，隨著光場頻率和原子間耦合系數g的增大而減小。本文還研究了充滿kerr介質腔中「耦合雙原子-單模光場」相互作用系統的量子動力學性質，研究了克爾效應對場的平均光子數、二階相干度、場熵演化特性及光場壓縮效應的影響。 -
In the second part ( including chapter 4 ), this paper applies gray level coocurrence matrix and image texture feature quantities to evaluate eliminate effect through computing the same sampling region selected. the results show that the three methods can eliminate solar eclipse impact on the satellite vis imagery so that the topography, cloud system texture and ocean current are distinct and differentiable and it is good for analyzing the clouds and weather systems on the cloud image. comparing the three methods, the improved geometry - model method is the most effective
研究結果表明：原幾何模型法、改進的幾何模型法和數學函數模型法基本都能消除日食對雲圖的影響，經過訂正處理后，各種特徵紋理變細，結構變清晰，信息增加，有利於雲圖上雲和天氣系統的識別和分析；三種方法的比較認為，改進的幾何模型法訂正效果最好，原幾何模型法的效果較差，數學函數模型法更加快速、簡便，但其涉及的主觀因素較多。 -
Second part, recommend and the purchase three extremely representative countries of evaluation and analysis legislate of u. s. a., britain, germany, u. s. a. mainly concentrates the legislation type, and because of the reason of the national system, legislate to assign to and legislate for the union with two layers of structure of state law again, britain belongs to the typical self - disciplining legislative system, purchased and amalgamated the committee to control and supervised by london mainly, germany is that in some cases the commerce is used to having legal effect, synthesize above - mentioned various countries " characteristic, propose our country while purchasing legislating, should walk the doctrine of the golden mean, the due course of law that purchase should follow in operation all kinds of being must be exhaustive and having operating nature
第二部分，介紹並評析了美、英、德等三個極具代表性國家的收購立法，美國主要是屬于集中立法型，並由於國家體制的原因，立法又分為聯邦立法與州立法兩層結構，英國則是屬典型的自律性立法體系，主要由倫敦城收購與合併委員會來進行控制和監管，德國則是在某些情況下商業習慣具有法律效力，綜合上述各國特點，提出我國在進行收購立法時，也應行中庸之道，對各類收購行為在操作上應遵循的法定程序須詳盡且具操作性。 -
And these measure are : first stringing then management of work - effect, reducing the rate of fixed salary, combining prize distribution with the work - effect ; second system of standard work - hour that carried out on workers who work in product ion, technical staff setting up technical key task subject, enlarging risk mortgage on managers, year salary for managers ; third floating salary for worker, establishing special training prize fund, flexible management of work - hour, establishing such encouraging system as worker ' s holiday with salary
在分配機制上降低固定工資的比重，獎金分配與效益直接掛鉤；第二，在考核制度上，在加大對各部門總體經濟指標的考核力度的同時，對職工個人的績效考核力度也逐步加大；第三，在激勵手段上，一線職工實行標準工時考核制度，技術人員設立技術攻關課題，加大管理人員風險抵押，經營者試行年薪制，職工崗位工資浮動管理，設立專項培訓獎勵基金，作息時間彈性管理，建立職工帶薪休假制度等具體激勵措施。 -
Based on practical project of inspecting, appraising and reinforcing a main heavy factory building, especially its steel crane girder system, of the second steel mill belonging to taiyuan steel & iron corporation, whose technology renovation leads to increase tonnage of many heavy cranes and vertical load of frame - bent structure, first the structure and its members were investigated, inspected, calculated and analyzed, and their reliability was appraised respectively and the strengthening projects or the measures to remedy were given. then, in accordance with the requirement to strengthen the girders under non - stop production, the feasibility of strengthening the crane girders by adding steel diagonal braces underneath the existing girders has been studied by inspecting and evaluating the strengthening effect of the crane girders and comparing with other reinforcing scheme
本文結合太鋼（集團）有限公司第二煉鋼廠主廠房由於生產工藝改造要求，加大多臺重型吊車噸位及bc跨（ 1 ） （ 8 ）軸線框排架各層豎向（設備）荷載后，對廠房結構，尤其鋼吊車梁系統進行檢測鑒定與加固設計的實際工程，首先對廠房結構進行了現場調研、技術檢查、測試以及內力和承載能力的計算與分析（考慮抗震） ，並根據檢測、計算與分析結果，對廠房結構、構件的可靠性進行了評定，並綜合提出鑒定結論和加固處理建議。 -
For high stability of the system, with the realization of hardware of the system, the second part of this paper starts from the transmission line theory, and studies the signal integrity problem of high - speed circuit system in light current. the causes of these signal integrity problems, such as signal delay, reflection, crosstalk, ground bounce noises and etc. are analyzed in theory. combined with actual design, key points of design and standard design flow of general high - speed, high - precision printed circuit board are summarized, which has been applied in actual system, and good effect has been achieved
為使系統具有較高的穩定性，本文第二部分結合該處理器的硬體實現，從傳輸線理論出發，研究了弱電情況下高速電路印刷電路板中的信號完整性問題；從理論上分析了延遲、反射、串擾以及地彈噪聲等信號完整性問題產生的原因；結合實際設計，總結了一般高速、高精度印刷電路板的設計要點和標準設計流程，並在實際系統中獲得了應用，取得了很好的效果。 -
Abstract : the people ' s congressional system is an important content of the socialism with the chinese characteristic. the people ' s congress is the highest power department in china, and the people ' s government is the executive department of the administration power. the status and effect on supervision and inspection of the main power body should be embodied sufficiently in the realtionship between the congress and the government, and the power executer ' s obligation for responsibility and report should be carried out fully. three relationships should be paid enough attention to about the innovation of the political system. first, to correct the position of the relationship between initiative and passivity ; second, to perform a system to deal with the relationship between self - discipline and heteromy ; third, to emphasis on carrying out to cope with the relationship between theory and practice
文摘:人民代表大會制度是中國特色社會主義的一項重要內容.人大是中國的最高國家權力機關，人民政府是其行政權力的執行機關.在人大與政府的關繫上，應充分體現權力主體的監督、檢查的地位和作用，政府在與人大的關繫上應切實履行權力執行者的負責、報告義務.在政治體制改革中應處理好三個關系，一是主動與被動的關系，二是自律與他律的關系，三是理論與實際的關系 -
And the influence factors of production planning are analysis, the effect of client relationship to planning is brought forward in stress, the correspond method is adopted. in the second place, after the analysis to mechanical system is done, the function model and information model is set up aimimg to the planning management. there are four secondary function module, includeing market forcast, planning prepare, attemper planning resource and monitor planning process in the planning function management
首先，闡述了面向訂單生產的計劃特點，對生產計劃的影響因素進行分解，著重提出了客戶關系對計劃的影響，並對此所採取的相應對策；其次，對製造系統進行總體的分析后，針對計劃管理模塊建立了相應的功能模型和信息模型，在計劃管理的功能模塊中，分別對計劃中的四個子功能模塊：市場預測、計劃準備、調度計劃資源、監督計劃過程進行功能分析；在計劃管理的信息模型模塊中，根據企業的資源狀況，將計劃分為年度生產計劃、月度計劃、日計劃。 -
The second part analyses the reason of the complexity of national issue about the west : in economy, the reason that is economy among regions develops unbalance able and the national minority ca n ' t adapt the change of economic system very much, and the developing distance between national regions and coastal regions enlarges the estrangement which exists before and the national relationship is shocked by establishing socialism market economic system. in politics, the reason that is ill - considered national policies, unperfected national region self - control system, the effect and permeation of national and international hostile power. in culture, the reason that is the reverse effect of nationalism, the modernity of national traditional culture causes the complexity of national issue
第二部分從三個方面分析了西部地區民族問題復雜性的原因：經濟上，是由於地區間經濟發展不平衡，經濟體制變化使少數民族表現出不適性，民族地區和沿海地區發展差距的擴大加深了原有的民族隔閡和猜忌，民族關系受到建設社會主義市場經濟體制的沖擊；政治上，是由於失誤的民族政策，民族區域自治制度不完善，國內外敵對勢力的影響、滲透等因素的作用；思想文化上，是由於民族主義的負面影響，民族傳統文化的現代化帶來民族問題的復雜性。 -
This paper analyses current situation of chp and situation of development, use evaluating energy utilization - - based on electricity comparing with state calculated method - - based on heat, calculates the operating data of baotou second thermal power plant heat supply system ， extends the study of heat supply performance to heat net and heat consumer, synthetically analyses heat load characteristic 、 pipe net property and heat supply distance witch effect heat supply cost. the paper studies the thermal power performance of thermal power plant total energy system, discuss heat supply cost which effect the development of chp
本文對熱電聯產的現狀及發展情況進行分析，採用能源利用系統性能評價指標體系及其評價指標? ?電量法與國家目前採用的法定計量方法? ?熱量法進行比較，通過對內蒙古包頭第二熱電廠供熱熱源系統及供熱熱網系統的熱電聯產運行數據進行分析計算，將供熱過程的熱力性能研究延伸至熱網和熱用戶，分析用戶終端的能源利用情況，針對內蒙古地區主力機組和地區條件，綜合分析了熱負荷特性、管網性能及供熱距離對供熱成本的影響，研究了熱電廠總能系統的熱力性能，對困擾熱電聯產的供熱成本進行了探討。 -
Second, we establish the equation of human body ' s movement by the utilization of former optimizing results and the method of multiplying of matrix. at last, we design and develop the 3 - dimensional simulation system of springboard diving with the tool, opengl. the result shows that the model has good vision effect and real - time nature and is very useful to practice
最後，本文以opengl為工具，在vc + + 6 . 0環境下開發了此跳板跳水模擬系統，實驗結果表明該方法建立的人體模型視覺效果和運動實時性較好，對指導實踐有較高的應用價值。 -
Second, we introduce a two - lane traffic model which is based on the ( 0, 2 ) and ( 0, 1, 2 ) models. we mainly study the coupling effect of lanes. in two - lane traffic, vehicles can change lanes and overpass. the interactin between lanes is considered as coupling effect. the computer simulation indicate that ( dthe current of the system with cupling is greater than that without coupling ; 0for a certain initial density, the average flow and speed are indepent on the coupling coefficient which is greater than zero ; when the initial densities ( speeds ) of lanes are different, the characters of traffic system will be different
在單車道模型的基礎上，建立v _ （ max ） = 2雙車道模型，研究車道的耦合效應。雙車道模型中車輛可以進行轉道、超車，兩道之間有耦合作用。模擬結果說明，有耦合時系統的流量比沒有耦合時大；在固定的初密度條件下，只要耦合系數b 0 ，兩道間的耦合強弱對流量和速度無影響；兩道初密度分佈不均勻和速度分佈不均勻都能使交通系統特性發生變化。 -
The people ' s congressional system is an important content of the socialism with the chinese characteristic. the people ' s congress is the highest power department in china, and the people ' s government is the executive department of the administration power. the status and effect on supervision and inspection of the main power body should be embodied sufficiently in the realtionship between the congress and the government, and the power executer ' s obligation for responsibility and report should be carried out fully. three relationships should be paid enough attention to about the innovation of the political system. first, to correct the position of the relationship between initiative and passivity ; second, to perform a system to deal with the relationship between self - discipline and heteromy ; third, to emphasis on carrying out to cope with the relationship between theory and practice
人民代表大會制度是中國特色社會主義的一項重要內容.人大是中國的最高國家權力機關，人民政府是其行政權力的執行機關.在人大與政府的關繫上，應充分體現權力主體的監督、檢查的地位和作用，政府在與人大的關繫上應切實履行權力執行者的負責、報告義務.在政治體制改革中應處理好三個關系，一是主動與被動的關系，二是自律與他律的關系，三是理論與實際的關系 -
After discussing the tariff taxation policy ' s aim, tep theory and tep ' s operating mechanism, the second paragraph establishes the index system to evaluate the effect of tep, which is the foundation of the whole paper. the index system includes foreign investments, industry, import and export, tariff revenues, trade relations and so on
論文第二部分：在前文對關稅有效保護政策目標、關稅有效保護理論、關稅有效保護作用機制三者進行分析的基礎上，本部分建立了一套評價關稅有效保護效果的指標體系，這套指標體系包括「有效保護率（ erp ） 、外商投資、產業、進出口、關稅收入、調整對外經貿關系」六個方面的內容。 -
We have chosen 3 kinds of red dry chilies as experimenta l materials and divided them into 3 groups. through 54 experiments, we have system atically studied the main factors that effect the rate of gains and qualities of chili red. the conclusions are drawn as follows : 1 ) the rate of gains and qualiti es of chili red vary greatly by using the same material but different technology. that s to say, there is a close relationship between the production technique a nd the rate of gains and qualities. of the six production techniques in producti ng chili red, technique is the most superior, technique is the second superi or, technique is less superior and products are not up to standard by using te chniques ， and. 2 ) the rate of gains and qualities of chili red also vary grealy by using the same technique but different chili materials
選用3種紅辣椒干為實驗原料，並將每種原料作為1個實驗組，共分3組54次實驗.通過這些實驗研究了影響辣椒紅色素的得率、質量的主要因素，結果顯示:同種原料，採用不同的生產技術和工藝條件，辣椒紅色素的得率和質量有很大的差別，採用同一技術，使用不同品種的辣椒原料，辣椒紅色素的質量和得率也有很大的差別也就是說辣椒紅色素的質量和得率不僅與生產技術有關，而且與辣椒（原料）的品種有密切的關系 -
In the direct effect, the international trade effect is obvious, which build the first grade of fdi ’ s economic growth. while in the indirect effect, technology advancement and industry structure promotion build the second grade of fdi ’ s economic growth. and the capital accumulation effect along with some other outside effect, such as system innovation effect and effects of employment, which build the third grade of fdi ’ s economic growth
兩者之間既單獨產生作用又相互影響，但它們所表現的增長推動力和著力點是不一樣的:在直接效應中，貿易促進作用是顯著的，它構成了fdi對我國經濟增長的第一序列;在間接效應中，技術進步和產業結構升級的作用是顯著的，它構成了fdi對我國經濟增長的第二序列;而不顯著的國內資本形成效應、制度變遷效應以及一些其他外部效應，則構成了fdi對我國經濟增長的第三序列。 -
It ' s the first time clearly and systematically to present the concepts of restraint influence coefficient of steel to strain increment, to curvature increment and to deflection increment due to creep which are different each other. theoretical formulae are established, and approximate formulae are also obtained while considering the characteristics of common - used concrete and ambient condition of real bridges in china. so, an approximate restraint influence coefficient method to analyze the effect due to creep and shrinkage in pc bridges is put forward, and the equations to estimate second - force due to creep considering influence of steel in system - transferred continuous pc bridges is also established
本文首次清晰而系統地提出了鋼筋對徐變的不同效應（徐變應變、徐變曲率、徐變上拱）約束影響系數的概念，建立了相應的計算式；結合我國普遍採用的混凝土的徐變特性和橋梁的構造特點及工作中南大學博士學位論文摘要環境特徵，給出了具有較高計算精度的實用計算式;在此基礎上，建立了橋梁徐變效應近似分析的鋼筋約束影響系數法，並推導出了考慮鋼筋影響的超靜定梁徐變次內力的近似計算式，可方便地應用於橋梁研究和設計中。
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