spread ratio 中文意思是什麼
spread ratio
解釋
分散度-
( 6 ) in this paper. adopting fea software ansys to simulation and analysis the al ecap process. in order to spread out studying of ecap in the future. the results show : die comer angle, the radius of round angle, the friction coffience of workpiece and die, the properties of die ( elastic modulus, possion ratio ) et al, have some degree impact on the deformation of materials
（ 6 ）採用有限元（ fea ）分析軟體ansys對al的擠壓過程進行ecap模擬與分析，為后續研究工作做好鋪墊，分析結果表明：外切角、圓角半徑、試樣與凹模之間的摩擦系數、凹模本身的特性（如彈性模量、泊松比等）等等，對材料的變形量都由不同程度的影響。 -
The ratio of the flux emitted within the solid angle defined by the beam spread, to the bare lamp flux
由光束角限定的立體角內輻射出的光通量與裸光源光通量之比。 -
The nonlinear filtering for nbi estimate - subtract assumes that the prediction error is dominated by spread spectrum signal and the background noise power is far below spread spectrum chip power, this assumption promises the low error ratio of chip decision but may not be attainable to digitalized dsss receiver in military communication environment, and does not coincide with the principle of dsss communication that decreases bit error ratio ( ber ) depending on spread spectrum gain, not on chip power
在干擾估計抵消濾波中，以往的非線性濾波要求干擾抵消濾波后擴頻信號功率遠大於殘余噪聲功率，進而假設碼片判決的誤碼片率基本為零，這一要求對軍用擴頻通信是不利的，而且也不符合擴頻通信利用擴頻增益降低誤碼率的原則。 -
The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。 -
Fluorescence power transfer function, three - dimensional point spread function ( 3d - psf ) and three - dimensional optical transfer function ( sd - otf ) for the various fluorescent wavelength of the two kinds of fluorescence confocal scanning microscopy are calculated in this paper by using fourier imaging theory. the results show that the fluorescent wavelength has influence on imaging property of confocal microscopy such as spatial cut - off frequency, resolution and 3d - otf. there is a different missing - cone in the 3 - d space of otf when the ratio of excitation wavelength to fluorescent wavelength decreases
本文在sheppard和gumin等人的理論基礎上，利用fourier光學成像理論，討論了不同熒光波長對單光子和雙光子共焦顯微鏡成像特性的影響，導出了單光子和雙光子共焦顯微鏡的熒光功率傳輸函數、三維脈沖響應函數和三維光學傳遞函數，得到了它們在不同激發波長與熒光波長比值時具體的表達式，並且通過數值計算，得到了它們的曲線圖，結果表明：隨著激發波長與熒光波長比值的增加，焦斑的橫向分佈和縱向分佈變窄，橫向解析度和縱向解析度提高，系統的成像效果變好，當激發波長與熒光波長的比值下降到一定程度時，可以看到不同程度的失錐現象。 -
Discuss the important elements that affect beam velocity ratio and velocity spread
論述影響電子注速度比、電子注速度零散的主要因素。 -
While the scientific technology developing at a tremendous speed, the level of hydro - generator manufacturing is increasing. now the f - class insulation standard for generator is adopted, and cad for hydraulic design has spread, and advanced theory in hydraulic design is applied, and insulation materials are discovered, and precise processing techniques are under research. in the hydroelectric industry it ' s necessary to increase the generating units " installed capacity to take advantage of an old power plant and to raise the utilization ratio of water power energy
隨著科學技術的飛速發展，水力發電機的生產製造水平日益提高， f級絕緣在電機中的運用；計算機cad輔助水力設計的推廣，先進的水力設計理論的應用，新的電氣絕緣材料的發現，精密的加工工藝的研究，為了提高水能利用率，使老電站煥發青春，機組增容改造已是水電事業發展中一項不容忽視的工作。 -
Based on the self - consistent nonlinear theory of complex cavity gyrotron with gradual transition, a simulation code of self - consistent nonlinear beam - wave interaction has been made, in which the multiple modes interaction with an electron beam and the mode coupling are taken into account. the interaction between the electron beam and hsn - h521 rf field for third - harmonic gyrotron is simulated. the influences of the thickness and the velocity spread and the velocity ratio of the electron beam and the fluctuation of the magnetic field and the technologic errors of complex cavity on the multi - modes interaction with an electron beam are analyzed
二、在漸變復合腔迴旋管多模自洽非線性理論的基礎上，編制了高次諧波漸變復合腔迴旋管多模注?波互作用自洽非線性模擬軟體，並對8mm波段三次諧波漸變結構復合腔迴旋管的注? ?波互作用進行了大量的自洽非線性數值模擬計算與研究，進而分析了電子注的厚度、速度零散、速度比值、磁場波動、腔體尺寸的加工誤差等等多種因素對互作用效率的影響。 -
In this dissertation, researches on performance of variable spreading gain cdma with imperfect power control and uplink capacity analysis of limited maximal ratio combining macrodiversity in spread spectrum radio networks are carried out. the main originality in this paper can be summarized as below. 1
本文主要內容涉及基礎研究和應用研究，其中包括： （ 1 ）進行了關于可變增益cdma （ vsg - cdma ）在非理想功率控制下的性能分析； （ 2 ）進行了關于宏分集無線網路cdma系統的功率控制和容量分析。 -
In order to provide reliable economic and technological basis for industrial production of pf - bonded structural bamboo - based waferboard, effects of mat compression ratio, resin type, spread amount and species of bamboo on panel properties were studied
為了給竹大片刨花板的工業化生產提供可靠的技術、經濟依據，本研究探求了壓縮比、膠種、用膠量和竹種等工藝成本因素對工程結構用酚醛樹脂竹大片刨花板性能質量的影響。 -
Based on ica post processing matched filter multi - user detection lets the output of traditional matched filter to initialize the ica iterations, not only the known spread information of interesting user is used to overcome the uncertainness of ica, but also the character of statistical independence is used. the simulation results show that it advances the ability of traditional detector when the signal - noise - ratio is large. keywords code division multiple access ; independent component analysis ; channel estimation ; matched filter ; blind multi - user detection
基於ica后處理的匹配濾波多用戶檢測是用傳統的檢測器的輸出來初始化ica的迭代，它不但充分利用多用戶信號的已知信息，克服了ica的不確定性問題，同時也充分利用了多用戶信號的統計獨立性，模擬實驗結果證明這種多用戶檢測演算法在高信噪的情況下，誤碼性能改善隨著信噪比的提高不斷增加。 -
2. uplink capacity analysis of limited maximal ratio combining macrodiversity in spread spectrum radio networks in this chapter, a more practical case of limited maximal ratio combining macrodiversity ( mmrc ), mobile ' s signal only received by a limited number of nearest base stations, in a cdma system was studied
關于宏分集無線網路cdma系統的容量分析提出了一種更實際的分集受限的最大比率合成宏分集（ mmrc ） cdma模型，對移動臺的信號僅被最近有限個基站接收再合成的情形進行了研究。 -
Though many economists admire function of competition, market concentration ratio has an elevating trend in developed country, oligarch monopoly spread among world market. the contradiction of scale - economy and monopoly has changed, large - scale enterprise can move the lose of monopoly to world market, remain profit of monopoly ; advantage of monopoly is a important condition of competition power in developed country. reward increasing with enterprise scale is an objective law ; the efficient of large - scale enterprise is more excellent than middle - scale and small - scale in china manufacture industry market performance
經濟全球化的發展，使各國形成一個接近一體化的市場，市場規模的變化對市場結構產生重要影響，雖然許多西方經濟學家仍然推崇競爭在提高效率中的作用，但是，工業發達國家市場集中度有逐漸提高的趨勢，並且在許多製造業中，寡頭壟斷向世界市場擴展，多個行業世界范圍內的寡頭壟斷格局開始形成，規模經濟和壟斷的矛盾發生了轉化? ?大企業能夠把由壟斷造成的損失轉嫁到世界市場，而把壟斷利潤留在跨國公司的母國，壟斷優勢成為發達國家產業競爭力的重要基礎。 -
Based on the 15 operations regulated by gb14761 ? 999, the control system was tested in some kinds of automotive. the result shows that air fuel ratio is controlled near the theoretical value under steady condition and exhaust emission is under the regulated value. the system is fit for the station of our country and the need of environmental protection it is easy to realize, has a low cost and a better control result, and is worth to spread
根據國家最新的法規gb14761 ? 1999規定的15工況法，在桑塔納、捷達、夏利、富康、奧拓幾種轎車上對控制系統進行了實車實驗，結果表明在穩定工況下空燃比被控制在理論值附近，尾氣排放量在法規規定的限值以下。 -
However, multipath components can be resolvable due to the autocorrelation of the spread spectrum signal, thus the optimal receiver equals coherent rake reception, i. e. maximum ratio combining the independent components which endure flat fading or frequency non - selective fading. synchronization of pn code and separation of resolvable multipath components need to estimate the exact time delay among the multipath components
但是利用擴頻信號的自相關特性，可分辨多徑可以被有效分離，最優接收機等效為對多個具有獨立平坦衰落通道（或頻率非選擇性通道）特性的多徑信號進行最大比合併，即相干rake接收。 -
Direct sequence spread spectrum ( dsss ) system usually operates in the condition of low signal - to - noise ratio ( snr ). the receiver extracts information from the signal through correlation operation by the spread code
直接序列擴頻通信系統通常工作于低信噪環境中，接收機以擴頻碼對信號相關解擴提取信息。 -
Direct sequence spread spectrum ( dsss ) communication systems have the characteristics of wide spectrum, low working signal - to - noise ratio ( snr ), anti - interference, anti - multipath effect, capability of cdma, lpi and lpd
直接序列擴頻（英文簡稱dsss ）通信具有頻譜寬、工作信噪比低、抗干擾和抗多徑效應能力強、可實現碼分多址、低截獲和低檢測概率等特點。 -
The direct sequence spread spectrum ( dsss ) signal has been widely used, owing to the ability of lower working signal - to - noise ratio ( snr ), strong anti - jamming, lower probability interception and mitigating the effects of multi - path fading
直接序列擴頻（ dsss ）信號由於具有工作信噪比低、強抗干擾性、低截獲率、能夠抑制多徑效應等優點，已經得到廣泛應用。 -
The i for according to front or p proceeds estimate, because of but compress ratio to want higher than i, the data measure the average to attain the i of 1 3 or so. p p for b for is rightly in front and back with subsequencep a basis of front for iswhich have error marginning, if p is also p, can result in the error margin to spread
P幀根據前面的i幀或p幀進行預測，因而壓縮比要比i幀高，數據量平均達到i幀的1 3左右。 p幀是對前後的b幀和后繼的p幀進行解碼的基準幀。 p幀本身是有誤差的，如果p幀的前一個基準幀也是p幀，就會造成誤差傳播。 -
Introduction to communication systems ? analysis and design of communication systems ; analog and digital modulation and demodulation, frequency conversion, multiplexing, noise and distortion ; spectral and signal - to - noise ratio analysis, probability of error in digital systems, spread spectrum
通信系統基礎：通信系統分析和設計，模擬和數字調制和解調，頻率轉換，統計復用，噪聲和失真；譜分析和信噪比分析，數字系統誤碼率，擴展頻譜。
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